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it；　perhaps；　but　at　the　same　time　I　feel　and　suspect　that　I　am

lying　like　a　cobbler。



〃Then　why　have　you　written　all　this？〃　you　will　say　to　me。　　〃I

ought　to　put　you　underground　for　forty　years　without　anything　to

do　and　then　come　to　you　in　your　cellar；　to　find　out　what　stage

you　have　reached！　　How　can　a　man　be　left　with　nothing　to　do　for

forty　years？〃



〃Isn't　that　shameful；　isn't　that　humiliating？〃　you　will　say；

perhaps；　wagging　your　heads　contemptuously。　　〃You　thirst　for　life

and　try　to　settle　the　problems　of　life　by　a　logical　tangle。　　And

how　persistent；　how　insolent　are　your　sallies；　and　at　the　same

time　what　a　scare　you　are　in！　　You　talk　nonsense　and　are　pleased

with　it；　you　say　impudent　things　and　are　in　continual　alarm　and

apologising　for　them。　　You　declare　that　you　are　afraid　of　nothing

and　at　the　same　time　try　to　ingratiate　yourself　in　our　good

opinion。　　You　declare　that　you　are　gnashing　your　teeth　and　at　the

same　time　you　try　to　be　witty　so　as　to　amuse　us。　　You　know　that

your　witticisms　are　not　witty；　but　you　are　evidently　well

satisfied　with　their　literary　value。　　You　may；　perhaps；　have

really　suffered；　but　you　have　no　respect　for　your　own　suffering。　

You　may　have　sincerity；　but　you　have　no　modesty；　out　of　the

pettiest　vanity　you　expose　your　sincerity　to　publicity　and

ignominy。　　You　doubtlessly　mean　to　say　something；　but　hide　your

last　word　through　fear；　because　you　have　not　the　resolution　to

utter　it；　and　only　have　a　cowardly　impudence。　　You　boast　of

consciousness；　but　you　are　not　sure　of　your　ground；　for　though

your　mind　works；　yet　your　heart　is　darkened　and　corrupt；　and　you

cannot　have　a　full；　genuine　consciousness　without　a　pure　heart。　

And　how　intrusive　you　are；　how　you　insist　and　grimace！　　Lies；

lies；　lies！〃



Of　course　I　have　myself　made　up　all　the　things　you　say。　　That；

too；　is　from　underground。　　I　have　been　for　forty　years　listening

to　you　through　a　crack　under　the　floor。　　I　have　invented　them

myself；　there　was　nothing　else　I　could　invent。　　It　is　no　wonder

that　I　have　learned　it　by　heart　and　it　has　taken　a　literary

form。。。。



But　can　you　really　be　so　credulous　as　to　think　that　I　will　print

all　this　and　give　it　to　you　to　read　too？　　And　another　problem：

why　do　I　call　you　〃gentlemen；〃　why　do　I　address　you　as　though　you

really　were　my　readers？　　Such　confessions　as　I　intend　to　make　are

never　printed　nor　given　to　other　people　to　read。　　Anyway；　I　am

not　strong…minded　enough　for　that；　and　I　don't　see　why　I　should

be。　　But　you　see　a　fancy　has　occurred　to　me　and　I　want　to　realise

it　at　all　costs。　　Let　me　explain。



Every　man　has　reminiscences　which　he　would　not　tell　to　everyone；

but　only　to　his　friends。　　He　has　other　matters　in　his　mind　which

he　would　not　reveal　even　to　his　friends；　but　only　to　himself；　and

that　in　secret。　　But　there　are　other　things　which　a　man　is　afraid

to　tell　even　to　himself；　and　every　decent　man　has　a　number　of

such　things　stored　away　in　his　mind。　　The　more　decent　he　is；　the

greater　the　number　of　such　things　in　his　mind。　　Anyway；　I　have

only　lately　determined　to　remember　some　of　my　early　adventures。　

Till　now　I　have　always　avoided　them；　even　with　a　certain

uneasiness。　　Now；　when　I　am　not　only　recalling　them；　but　have

actually　decided　to　write　an　account　of　them；　I　want　to　try　the

experiment　whether　one　can；　even　with　oneself；　be　perfectly　open

and　not　take　fright　at　the　whole　truth。　　I　will　observe；　in

parenthesis；　that　Heine　says　that　a　true　autobiography　is　almost

an　impossibility；　and　that　man　is　bound　to　lie　about　himself。　　He

considers　that　Rousseau　certainly　told　lies　about　himself　in　his

confessions；　and　even　intentionally　lied；　out　of　vanity。　　I　am

convinced　that　Heine　is　right；　I　quite　understand　how　sometimes

one　may；　out　of　sheer　vanity；　attribute　regular　crimes　to

oneself；　and　indeed　I　can　very　well　conceive　that　kind　of　vanity。　

But　Heine　judged　of　people　who　made　their　confessions　to　the

public。　　I　write　only　for　myself；　and　I　wish　to　declare　once　and

for　all　that　if　I　write　as　though　I　were　addressing　readers；　that

is　simply　because　it　is　easier　for　me　to　write　in　that　form。　　It

is　a　form；　an　empty　formI　shall　never　have　readers。　　I　have

made　this　plain　already　。。。



I　don't　wish　to　be　hampered　by　any　restrictions　in　the

compilation　of　my　notes。　　I　shall　not　attempt　any　system　or

method。　　I　will　jot　things　down　as　I　remember　them。



But　here；　perhaps；　someone　will　catch　at　the　word　and　ask　me：　if

you　really　don't　reckon　on　readers；　why　do　you　make　such　compacts

with　yourselfand　on　paper　toothat　is；　that　you　won't　attempt

any　system　or　method；　that　you　jot　things　down　as　you　remember

them；　and　so　on；　and　so　on？　　Why　are　you　explaining？　　Why　do　you

apologise？



〃Well；　there　it　is；〃　I　answer。



There　is　a　whole　psychology　in　all　this；　though。　　Perhaps　it　is

simply　that　I　am　a　coward。　　And　perhaps　that　I　purposely　imagine

an　audience　before　me　in　order　that　I　may　be　more　dignified　while

I　write。　　There　are　perhaps　thousands　of　reasons。　　Again；　what　is

my　object　precisely　in　writing？　　If　it　is　not　for　the　benefit　of

the　public　why　should　I　not　simply　recall　these　incidents　in　my

own　mind　without　putting　them　on　paper？



Quite　so；　but　yet　it　　is　more　imposing　on　paper。　　There　is

something　more　impressive　in　it；　I　shall　be　better　able　to

criticise　myself　and　improve　my　style。　　Besides；　I　shall　perhaps

obtain　actual　relief　from　writing。　　Today；　for　instance；　I　am

particularly　oppressed　by　one　memory　of　a　distant　past。　　It　came

back　vividly　to　my　mind　a　few　days　ago；　and　has　remained　haunting

me　like　an　annoying　tune　that　one　cannot　get　rid　of。　　And　yet　I

must　get　rid　of　it　somehow。　　I　have　hundreds　of　such

reminiscences；　but　at　times　some　one　stands　out　from　the　hundred

and　oppresses　me。　For　some　reason　I　believe　that　if　I　write　it

down　I　should　get　rid　of　it。　Why　not　try？



Besides；　I　am　bored；　and　I　never　have　anything　to　do。　　Writing

will　be　a　sort　of　work。　　They　say　work　makes　man　kind…hearted　and

honest。　　Well；　here　is　a　chance　for　me；　anyway。



Snow　is　falling　today；　yellow　and　dingy。　　It　fell　yesterday；　too；

and　a　few　days　ago。　　I　fancy　it　is　the　wet　snow　that　has　reminded

me　of　that　incident　which　I　cannot　shake　off　now。　　And　so　let　it

be　a　story　a　propos　of　the　falling　snow。





PART　II



A　PROPOS　OF　THE　WET　SNOW



　　　When　from　dark　error's　subjugation

　　　My　words　of　passionate　exhortation

　　　Had　wrenched　thy　fainting　spirit　free；

　　　And　writhing　prone　in　thine　affliction

　　　Thou　didst　recall　with　malediction

　　　The　vice　that　had　encompassed　thee：

　　　And　when　thy　slumbering　conscience；　fretting

　　　By　recollection's　torturing　flame；

　　　Thou　didst　reveal　the　hideous　setting

　　　Of　thy　life's　current　ere　I　came：

　　　When　suddenly　I　saw　thee　sicken；

　　　And　weeping；　hide　thine　anguished　face；

　　　Revolted；　maddened；　horror…stricken；

　　　At　memories　of　foul　disgrace。



N。A。NEKRASSOV　　　　（translated　by　Juliet　Soskice）。





I



At　that　time　I　was　only　twenty…four。　　My　life　was　even　then

gloomy；　ill…regulated；　and　as　solitary　as　that　of　a　savage。　　I

made　friends　with　no　one　and　positively　avoided　talking；　and

buried　myself　more　and　more　in　my　hole。　　At　work　in　the　office　I

never　looked　at　anyone；　and　was　perfectly　well　aware　that　my

companions　looked　upon　me；　not　only　as　a　queer　fellow；　but　even

looked　upon　meI　always　fancied　thiswith　a　sort　of　loathing。　

I　sometimes　wondered　why　it　was　that　nobody　except　me　fancied

that　he　was　looked　upon　with　aversion？　　One　of　the　clerks　had　a

most　repulsive；　pock…marked　face；　which　looked　positively

villainous。　　I　believe　I　should　not　have　dared　to　look　at　anyone

with　such　an　unsightly　countenance。　　Another　had　such　a　very

dirty　old　uniform　that　there　was　an　unpleasant　odour　in　his

proximity。　　Yet　not　one　of　these　gentlemen　showed　the　slightest

self…consciousnesseither　about　their　clothes　or　their

countenance　or　their　character　in　any　way。　　Neither　of　them　ever

imagined　that　they　were　looked　at　with　repulsion；　if　they　had

imagined　it　they　would　not　have　mindedso　long　as　their

superiors　did　not　look　at　them　in　that　way。　　It　is　clear　to　me

now　that；　owing　to　my　unbounded　vanity　and　to　the　high　standard　I

set　for　myself；　I　often　looked　at　myself　with　furious　discontent；

which　verged　on　loathing；　and　so　I　inwardly　attributed　the　same

feeling　to　everyone。　　I　hated　my　face；　for　instance：　I　thought　it

disgusting；　and　even　suspected　that　there　was　something　base　in

my　expression；　and　so　every　day　when　I　turned　up　at　the　office　I

tried　to　behave　as　independently　as　possible；　and　to　assume　a

lofty　expression；　so　that　I　might　not　be　suspected　of　being

abject。　　〃My　face　may　be　ugly；〃　I　thought；　〃but　let　it　be　lofty；

expressive；　and；　above　all；　_extremely_　intelligent。〃　But　I　was

positively　and　painfully　certain　that　it　was　impossible　for　my

countenance　ever　to　express　those　qualities。　　And　what　was　worst

of　all；　I　thought　it　actually　stupid　looking；　and　I　would　have

been　quite　satisfied　if　I　could　have　looked　intelligent。　　In

fact；　I　would　even　have　put　up　with　looking　base　if；　at　the　same

time；　my　face　could　have　been　thought　strikingly　intelligent。



Of　course；　I　hated　my　fellow　clerks　one　and　all；　and　I　despised

them　all；　yet　at　the　same　time　I　was；　as　it　were；　afraid　of　them。　

In　fact；　it　happened　at　times　that　I　thought　more　highly　of　them

than　of　myself。　　It　somehow　happened　quite　suddenly　that　I

alternated　between　despising　them　and　thinking　them　superior　to

myself。　　A　cultivated　and　decent　man　cannot　be　vain　without

setting　a　fearfully　high　standard　for　himself；　and　without

despising　and　almost　hating　himself　at　certain　moments。　　But

whether　I　despised　them　or　thought　them　superior　I　dropped　my

eyes　almost　every　time　I　met　anyone。　　I　even　made　experiments

whether　I　could　face　so　and　so's　looking　at　me；　and　I　was　always

the　first　to　dro