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idered himself 〃passing rich with forty pounds a year〃a height of optimism beyond the reach of Herrick; with his expensive town wants and habits。  But fifty poundsthe salary of his beneficeand possible perquisites in the way of marriage and burial fees would enable him to live for the time being。  It was better than a possible nothing a year in London。      Herrick's religious convictions were assuredly not deeper than those of the average layman。 Various writers have taken a different view of the subject; but it is inconceivable that a clergy… man with a fitting sense of his function could have written certain of the poems which Her… rick afterward gave to the worldthose aston… ishing epigrams upon his rustic enemies; and those habitual bridal compliments which; among his personal friends; must have added a terror to matrimony。  Had he written only in that vein; the posterity which he so often invoked with pathetic confidence would not have greatly troubled itself about him。      It cannot positively be asserted that all the verses in question relate to the period of his in… cumbency; for none of his verse is dated; with the exception of the Dialogue betwixt Horace and Lydia。  The date of some of the composi… tions may be arrived at by induction。  The re… ligious pieces grouped under the title of Noble Numbers distinctly associate themselves with Dean Prior; and have little other interest。  Very few of them are 〃born of the royal blood。〃 They lack the inspiration and magic of his secu… lar poetry; and are frequently so fantastical and grotesque as to stir a suspicion touching the ab… solute soundness of Herrick's mind at all times。 The lines in which the Supreme Being is as… sured that he may read Herrick's poems with… out taking any tincture from their sinfulness might have been written in a retreat for the un… balanced。  〃For unconscious impiety;〃 remarks Mr。 Edmund Gosse;  〃this rivals the famous passage in which Robert Montgomery exhorted God to 'pause and think。'〃 Elsewhere; in an apostrophe to 〃Heaven;〃 Herrick says:

             Let mercy be           So kind to set me free;              And I will straight           Come in; or force the gate。

In any event; the poet did not purpose to be left out!      Relative to the inclusion of unworthy pieces

      In Seventeenth…Century Studies。 and the general absence of arrangement in the 〃Hesperides;〃 Dr。 Grosart advances the theory that the printers exercised arbitrary authority on these points。  Dr。 Grosart assumes that Herrick kept the epigrams and personal tributes in manuscript books separate from the rest of the work; which would have made a too slender volume by itself; and on the plea of this slender… ness was induced to trust the two collections to the publisher; 〃whereupon he or some un… skilled subordinate proceeded to intermix these additions with the others。  That the poet him… self had nothing to do with the arrangement or disarrangement lies on the surface。〃  This is an amiable supposition; but merely a supposition。 Herrick personally placed the 〃copy〃 in the hands of John Williams and Francis Eglesfield; and if he were over…persuaded to allow them to print unfit verses; and to observe no method whatever in the contents of the book; the dis… credit is none the less his。  It is charitable to believe that Herrick's coarseness was not the coarseness of the man; but of the time; and that he followed the fashion malgre lui。  With re… gard to the fairy poems; they certainly should have been given in sequence; but if there are careless printers; there are also authors who are careless in the arrangement of their manuscript; a kind of task; moreover; in which Herrick was wholly unpractised; and might easily have made mistakes。  The 〃Hesperides〃 was his sole publication。      Herrick was now thirty…eight years of age。 Of his personal appearance at this time we have no description。  The portrait of him prefixed to the original edition of his works belongs to a much later moment。  Whether or not the bovine features in Marshall's engraving are a libel on the poet; it is to be regretted that oblivion has not laid its erasing finger on that singularly un… pleasant counterfeit presentment。  It is interest… ing to note that this same Marshall engraved the head of Milton for the first collection of his mis… cellaneous poemsthe precious 1645 volume containing Il Penseroso; Lycidas; Comus; etc。 The plate gave great offense to the serious… minded young Milton; not only because it re… presented him as an elderly person; but because of certain minute figures of peasant lads and lassies who are very indistinctly seen dancing frivolously under the trees in the background。 Herrick had more reason to protest。  The ag… gressive face bestowed upon him by the artist lends a tone of veracity to the tradition that the vicar occasionally hurled the manuscript of his sermon at the heads of his drowsy parishioners; accompanying the missive with pregnant re… marks。  He has the aspect of one meditating assault and battery。      To offset the picture there is much indirect testimony to the amiability of the man; aside from the evidence furnished by his own writ… ings。  He exhibits a fine trait in the poem on the Bishop of Lincoln's imprisonmenta poem full of deference and tenderness for a person who had evidently injured the writer; probably by opposing him in some affair of church prefer… ment。  Anthony Wood says that Herrick 〃be… came much beloved by the gentry in these parts for his florid and witty (wise) discourses。〃  It appears that he was fond of animals; and had a pet spaniel called Tracy; which did not get away without a couplet attached to him:


     Now thou art dead; no eye shall ever see      For shape and service spaniell like to thee。

Among the exile's chance acquaintances was a sparrow; whose elegy he also sings; comparing the bird to Lesbia's sparrow; much to the latter's disadvantage。  All of Herrick's geese were swans。 On the authority of Dorothy King; the daughter of a woman who served Herrick's successor at Dean Prior in 1674; we are told that the poet kept a pig; which he had taught to drink out of a tankarda kind of instruction he was admir… ably qualified to impart。  Dorothy was in her ninety…ninth year when she communicated this fact to Mr。 Barron Field; the author of the paper on Herrick published in the 〃Quarterly Review〃 for August; 1810; and in the Boston edition  of the 〃Hesperides〃 attributed to Southey。      What else do we know of the vicar?  A very favorite theme with Herrick was Herrick。  Scat… tered through his book are no fewer than twenty… five pieces entitled On Himself; not to men… tion numberless autobiographical hints under other captions。  They are merely hints; throw… ing casual side…lights on his likes and dislikes; and illuminating his vanity。  A whimsical per… sonage without any very definite outlines might be evolved from these fragments。  I picture him as a sort of Samuel Pepys; with perhaps less quaintness; and the poetical temperament added。 Like the prince of gossips; too; he somehow gets at your affections。  In one place Herrick

      The Biographical Notice prefacing this volume of The British Poets is a remarkable production; grammatically and chronologi… cally。  On page 7 the writer speaks of Herrick as living 〃in habits of intimacy〃 with Ben Jonson in 1648。  If that was the case; Her… rick must have taken up his quarters in Westminster Abbey; for Jonson had been dead eleven years。 laments the threatened failure of his eyesight (quite in what would have been Pepys's man… ner had Pepys written verse); and in another place he tells us of the loss of a finger。  The quatrain treating of this latter catastrophe is as fantastic as some of Dr。 Donne's concetti:

     One of the five straight branches of my hand      Is lopt already; and the rest but stand      Expecting when to fall; which soon will be:      First dies the leafe; the bough next; next the tree。

With all his great show of candor Herrick really reveals as little of himself as ever poet did。  One thing; however; is manifesthe understood and loved music。  None but a lover could have said:

     The mellow touch of musick most doth wound      The soule when it doth rather sigh than sound。

Or this to Julia:

     So smooth; so sweet; so silvery is thy voice;      As could they hear; the damn'd would make no noise;      But listen to thee walking in thy chamber      Melting melodious words to lutes of amber。

     。 。 。 Then let me lye      Entranc'd; and lost confusedly;      And by thy musick stricken mute;      Die; and be turn'd into a lute。

     Herrick never married。  His modest Devon… shire establishment was managed by a maid… servant named Prudence Baldwin。  〃Fate likes fine names;〃 says Lowell。  That of Herrick's maid…of…all…work was certainly a happy meeting of gentle vowels and consonants; and has had the good fortune to be embalmed in the amber of what may be called a joyous little threnody:

     In this little urne is laid      Prewdence Baldwin; once my maid;      From whose happy spark here let      Spring the purple violet。

Herrick addressed a number of poems to her before her death; which seems to have deeply touched him in his loneliness。  We shall not al… low a pleasing illusion to be disturbed by the flip… pancy of an old writer who says that 〃Prue was but indifferently qualified to be a tenth muse。〃 She was a faithful handmaid; and had the merit of causing Herrick in this octave to strike a note of sincerity not usual with him:

     These summer birds did with thy master stay      The times of warmth; but then they flew away;      Leaving their poet; being now grown old;      Expos'd to all the coming winter's cold。      But thou; kind Prew; didst with my fates abide      As well the winter's as the summer's tide:      For which thy love; live with thy master here      Not two; but all the seasons of the year。

Thus much have I done for thy memory; Mis… tress Prew!      In spite of Herrick's disparagement of Dean… bourn; which he calls 〃a rude river;〃 and his characterization of Devon folk as 〃a peo… ple currish; churlish as the seas;〃 the fullest and pleasantest days of his life were prob… ably spent at Dea

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