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及12何蛍

madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平)-及12何蛍

弌傍�� madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




more。     The rains wash them down�察�the wind blows them down。                         They 

roll to the middle�察�and meet each other�察�and stop。               And so gradually the 

steep   funnel   becomes   a   round   cup。     You   may  prove   for   yourself   that   it 

must be so�察�if you will try。        Do you not know that if you dig a round hole 

in the ground�察�and leave it to crumble in�察�it is sure to become cup´ shaped 

at last�察�though at first its sides may have been quite upright�察�like those of a 

bucket�拭      �If   you   do   not   know�察    �get  a   trowel    and   make     your   little 

experiment。 

     And now you ought to understand what ;cone; and ;crater; mean。 And 

more�察�if you will think for yourself�察�you may guess what would come out 

of   a   volcano   when   it   broke   out   ;in   an   eruption�察─  �as   it   is   usually   called。 

First�察�clouds of steam and dust ��what you would call smoke���察�then volleys 

of   stones�察  �some   cool�察  �some   burning   hot�察  �and   at   the   last�察  �because   it   lies 

lowest of all�察�the melted rock itself�察�which is called lava。 

     And where would that come out�拭            �At the top of the chimney�拭         �At the 

top of the cone�拭�

     No。     Madam        How�察   �as   I  told   you�察  �usually    makes     things   make 

themselves。      She has made the chimney of the furnace make itself�察�and 

next she will make the furnace´door make itself。 



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     The melted lava rises in the craterthe funnel inside the cone but it 

never gets to the top。       It is so enormously heavy that the sides of the cone 

cannot bear its weight�察�and give way low down。 And then�察�through ashes 

and   cinders�察  �the   melted   lava   burrows   out�察  �twisting   and   twirling   like   an 

enormous   fiery   earth´worm�察  �till   it   gets   to   the   air   outside�察  �and   runs   off 

down the mountain in a stream of fire。             And so you may see ��as are to be 

seen on Vesuvius now�� two eruptions at onceone of burning stones above�察�

and one of melted lava below。 

     And what is lava�拭�

     That�察�I think�察�I must tell you another time。             For when I speak of it I 

shall have to tell you more about Madam How�察�and her ways of making 

the ground on which you stand�察�than I can say just now。 But if you want to 

know ��as I dare say  you do�� what the eruption of a volcano is like�察�you 

may read what follows。          I did not see it happen�察�for I never had the good 

fortune of seeing a mountain burning�察�though I have seen many and many 

a one which has been burntextinct volcanos�察�as they are called。 

     The man who saw ita very good friend of mine�察�and a very good man 

of science alsowent last year to see an eruption on Vesuvius�察�not from the 

main   crater�察  �but   from   a   small   one   which   had   risen   up   suddenly   on   the 

outside of it�察�and he gave me leave ��when I told him that I was writing for 

children�� to tell them what he saw。 

     This new  cone�察 �he said�察�was   about   200   feet high�察 �and perhaps 80   or 

100 feet across at the top。        And as he stood below it ��it was not safe to go 

up it�� smoke rolled up from its top�察 �rosy pink below�察─�from the glare of 

the   caldron�察  �and   above   ;faint   greenish   or   blueish   silver   of   indescribable 

beauty�察  �from   the   light   of   the   moon。;   But   moreBy   good   chance�察  �the 

cone   began   to   send    out�察  �not   smoke   only�察  �but   brilliant   burning   stones。 

;Each   explosion�察─  �he   says�察   �was   like   a   vast   girandole   of   rockets�察  �with   a 

noise ��such as rockets would make�� like the waves on a beach�察�or the wind 

blowing through shrouds。           The mountain was trembling the whole time。 

So it went on for two hours and more�察�sometimes eight or ten explosions 

in   a   minute�察  �and   more   than   1000   stones   in   each�察  �some   as   large   as   two 

bricks end to end。        The largest ones mostly fell back into the crater�察�but 

the smaller ones being thrown higher�察�and more acted on by the wind�察�fell 



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in immense numbers on the leeward slope of the cone; ��of course�察�making 

it bigger and bigger�察�as I have explained already to you���察�and of course�察�as 

they were intensely hot and bright�察�making the cone look as if it too was 

red´hot。     But it was not so�察�he says�察�really。           The colour of the stones was 

rather   ;golden�察  �and   they   spotted   the   black   cone   over   with   their   golden 

showers�察�the smaller ones stopping still�察�the bigger ones rolling down�察�and 

jumping along just like hares。;            ;A wonderful pedestal�察─�he says�察 �for the 

explosion which surmounted it。;               How high the stones flew up he could 

not tell。    ;There was generally one which went much higher than the rest�察�

and     pierced    upwards      towards     the   moon�察    �who     looked    calmly     down�察�

mocking such vain attempts to reach her。;                  The large stones�察�of course�察�

did not rise so high�察�and some�察�he says�察 �only just appeared over the rim of 

the   cone�察  �above   which   they   came   floating   leisurely   up�察  �to   show   their 

brilliant   forms   and   intense   white   light   for   an   instant�察  �and   then   subside 

again。; 

     Try and picture that to yourselves�察�remembering that this was only a 

little side eruption�察�of no more importance to the whole mountain than the 

fall of a slate off the roof is of importance to the whole house。                   And then 

think    how     mean    and   weak     man's    fireworks�察    �and   even   man's    heaviest 

artillery�察  �are   compared   with   the   terrible   beauty   and   terrible   strength   of 

Madam How's artillery underneath our feet。 

                                C                            /  ��                         /   �� 

                 A     /´��´    E                      /      ��                         /´ 

��´     E    Ground          /            ��  B                   Ground      ´/ 

��                          ��   D    ��   �� D ��    D    ��              ��´���� 

´��´��                 ��        ��  ��     ��       ��                             �� 

     Now look at this figure。          It represents a section of a volcano�察�that is�察�

one cut in half to show you the inside。              A is the cone of cinders。          B�察�the 

black line up through the middle�察�is the   funnel�察�or crack�察�through   which 

steam�察�ashes�察�lava�察�and everything else rises。                C is the crater mouth。          D 

D D�察�which looks broken�察�are the old rocks which the steam heaved up and 

burst before it could get out。         And what are the black lines across�察�marked 

E   E   E�拭   �They   are   the   streams   of   lava   which   have   burrowed   out�察  �some 

covered   up   again   in   cinders�察  �some   lying   bare   in   the   open   air�察  �some   still 



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                           MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



inside the cone�察�bracing it together�察�holding it up。    Something like this is 

the inside of a volcano。 



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                              MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



                             CHAPTER IV 



            THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF A GRAIN OF SOIL 



    Why�察  �you   ask�察  �are   there   such   terrible   things   as   volcanos�拭�Of   what 

use can they be�拭�

     They are of use enough�察�my child�察�and of many more uses�察�doubt not�察�

than we know as yet�察�or ever shall know。            But of one of their uses I can 

tell you。 

     They  make�察�or help to make�察�divers and sundry curious things�察�from 

gunpowder to your body and mine。 

    What�拭     �I   can   understand   their   helping   to   make   gunpowder�察  �because 

the sulphur in it is often found round volcanos�察�and I know the story of the 

brave   Spaniard   who�察  �when   his   fellows   wanted   materials   for   gunpowder�察�

had   himself   lowered   in   a   basket   down   the   crater   of   a   South   American 

volcano�察�and gathered sulphur   for them off   the burning cliffs�此           �but   how 

can volcanos help to make me�拭          �Am I made of lava�拭        �Or is there lava in 

me�拭�

    My child�察�I did not say that volcanos helped to make you。               I said that 

they helped to make your body�察�which is a very different matter�察�as I beg 

you to remember�察�now and always。             Your body is no more you yourself 

than the hoop which you trundle�察�or the pony which you ride。                 It is�察�like 

them�察  �your   servant�察  �your   tool�察  �your   instrument�察  �your   organ�察  �with   which 

you work�此     �and a very useful�察�trusty�察�cunningly´contrived organ it is�察�and 

therefore I advise you to make good use of it�察�for you are responsible for it。 

But   you   yourself   are   not   your   body�察  �or   your   brain�察  �but   something   else�察�

which we call your soul�察�your spirit�察�your life。           And that ;you yourself; 

would remain just the same if it were taken out of your body�察�and put into 

the body of a bee�察�or of a lion�察�or any other body�察�or into no body at all。 

At least so I believe�察�and so�察�I am happy to say�察�nine hundred and ninety´ 

nine thousand   nine   hundred   and ninety´nine people   out of   every  million 

have always   believed�察�because they have   used their   human instincts   and 

their common sense�察�and have obeyed ��without knowing it�� the warning of 

a great and good philosopher called Herder�察�that ;The organ is in no case 



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                               MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



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