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及29何蛍

madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平)-及29何蛍

弌傍�� madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




prevents a bird's living under water。           So their guess is really a very fair 

one�察�no more silly than that of the savages�察�who when they first saw the 

white men's ships�察�with their huge sails�察�fancied they were enormous sea´ 

birds�察�and when they heard the cannons fire�察�said that the ships spoke in 

thunder and lightning。         Their guess was wrong�察�but not silly�察�for it was 

the best guess they could make。 

     But   I   do   know   of   one   old   woman   who   was   silly。 She   was   a   boy's 

nurse�察�and she gave the boy a thing which she said was one of the snakes 

which St。 Hilda turned into stone�察�and told him that they found plenty of 

them at Whitby�察�where she was born�察�all coiled up�察�but what was very odd�察�

their heads had always been broken of。            And when he took it�察�to his father�察�

he told him it was only a fossil shellan Ammonite。                 And he went back 

and laughed at his nurse�察�and teased her till she was quite angry。 

     Then he was very lucky that she did not box his ears�察�for that was what 

he    deserved。     I  dare   say   that�察 �though    his   nurse   had   never   heard    of 

Ammonites�察�she was a wise old dame enough�察�and knew a hundred things 

which     he   did   not   know�察   �and    which    were    far  more    important     than 

Ammonites�察�even to him。 

     How�拭�

     Because   if    she  had   not   known     how   to  nurse   him   well�察  �he   would 

perhaps have never grown up alive and strong。               And if she had not known 

how   to   make   him   obey   and   speak   the   truth�察  �he   might   have   grown   up   a 

naughty boy。 

     But was she not silly�拭�



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     No。    She   only   believed   what   the   Whitby   folk�察  �I   understand�察  �have 

some   of   them   believed   for   many   hundred   years。       And   no   one   can   be 

blamed   for  thinking   as   his   forefathers   did�察  �unless   he   has   cause  to   know 

better。 

     Surely she might have known better�拭�

     How�拭     �What reason could she have to believe the Ammonite was a 

shell�拭   �It   is   not   the   least   like   cockles�察  �or   whelks�察  �or   any   shell   she   ever 

saw。 

     What reason either could she have to guess that Whitby cliff had once 

been coral´mud�察�at the bottom of the sea�拭           �No more reason�察�my dear child�察�

than you would have to guess that this stone had been coral´mud likewise�察�

if I did not teach you so��or rather�察�try to make you teach yourself so。 

     No。    I   say  it   again。 If   you   wish   to   learn�察  �I   will   only  teach   you   on 

condition that you do not laugh at�察�or despise�察�those good and honest and 

able   people   who   do   not   know   or   care   about   these   things�察  �because   they 

have   other   things   to   think   of�此�like   old   John   out   there   ploughing。   He 

would not believe youhe would hardly believe meif we told him that 

this stone had been once a swarm of living things�察�of exquisite shapes and 

glorious colours。      And yet he can plough and sow�察�and reap and mow�察�and 

fell and strip�察�and hedge and ditch�察�and give his neighbours sound advice�察�

and take the measure of a man's worth from ten minutes' talk�察�and say his 

prayers�察�and keep his temper�察�and pay his debts��which last three things 

are more than a good many folks can do who fancy themselves a whole 

world wiser than John in the smock´frock。 

     Oh�察�but I want to hear about the exquisite shapes and glorious colours。 

     Of course you do�察�little man。         A few fine epithets take your fancy far 

more than a little common sense and common humility�察�but in that you are 

no worse than some of your elders。             So now for the exquisite shapes and 

glorious colours。       I have never seen them�察�though I trust to see them ere I 

die。    So what they are like I can only tell from what I have learnt from Mr。 

Darwin�察�and Mr。 Wallace�察�and Mr。 Jukes�察�and Mr。 Gosse�察�and last�察�but not 

least�察�from one whose soul was as beautiful as his face�察�Lucas Barrett�察�

too soon lost to science��who was drowned in exploring such a coral´reef 

as this stone was once。 



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                                 MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



     Then there are such things alive now�拭�

     Yes�察  �and   no。    The   descendants   of   most   of   them   live   on�察  �altered   by 

time�察�which alters all things�察�and from the beauty of the children we can 

guess at the beauty of their ancestors�察�just as from the coral´reefs which 

exist now we can guess how the coral´reefs of old were made。                        And that 

this stone was once part of a coral´reef the corals in it prove at first sight。 

     And what is a coral´reef like�拭�

     You     have    seen    the  room     in  the   British    Museum       full  of   corals�察�

madrepores�察�brain´stones�察�corallines�察�and sea´ferns�拭�

     Oh yes。 

     Then   fancy   all   those   alive。    Not   as   they   are   now�察  �white   stone�此  �but 

covered   in     jelly�察  �and  out   of   every   pore   a   little   polype�察  �like   a   flower�察�

peeping out。       Fancy them of every gaudy colour you choose。                   No bed of 

flowers�察�they say�察�can be more brilliant than the corals�察�as you look down 

on   them   through   the   clear   sea。   Fancy�察  �again�察  �growing   among   them   and 

crawling over them�察�strange sea´anemones�察�shells�察�star´fish�察�sea´slugs�察�and 

sea´cucumbers   with   feathery   gills�察  �crabs�察  �and   shrimps�察  �and   hundreds   of 

other animals�察�all as strange in shape�察�and as brilliant in colour。                 You may 

let   your   fancy  run   wild。    Nothing   so   odd�察  �nothing   so   gay�察  �even   entered 

your dreams�察�or a poet's�察�as you may find alive at the bottom of the sea�察�in 

the live flower´gardens of the sea´fairies。 

     There   will   be   shoals   of   fish�察  �too�察  �playing   in   and   out�察  �as   strange   and 

gaudy   as   the   rest��parrot´fish   who   browse   on   the   live   coral   with   their 

beak´like   teeth�察 �as   cattle browse on   grass�察  �and at   the bottom�察 �it   may  be�察�

larger   and   uglier   fish�察  �who   eat   the   crabs   and   shell´fish�察  �shells   and   all�察�

grinding them up as a dog grinds a bone�察�and so turning shells and corals 

into fine soft mud�察�such as this stone is partly made of。 

     But what happens to all the delicate little corals if a storm comes on�拭�

     What�察�indeed�拭       �Madam How has made them so well and wisely�察�that�察�

like brave and good men�察�the more trouble they suffer the stronger they are。 

Day and night�察�week after week�察�the trade´wind blows upon them�察�hurling 

the waves against them in furious surf�察�knocking off great lumps of coral�察�

grinding   them   to   powder�察  �throwing   them   over   the   reef   into   the   shallow 

water inside。       But the heavier the surf beats upon them�察�the stronger the 



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                                MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



polypes outside grow�察�repairing their broken houses�察�and building up fresh 

coral   on   the   dead   coral   below�察  �because   it   is   in   the   fresh   sea´   water   that 

beats upon the surf that they find most lime with which to build。                   And as 

they build they form a barrier against the surf�察�inside of which�察�in water 

still as glass�察�the weaker and more delicate things can grow in safety�察�just 

as   these   very   Encrinites   may   have   grown�察  �rooted   in   the   lime´mud�察  �and 

waving their slender arms at the bottom of the clear lagoon。                 Such mighty 

builders are these little coral polypes�察�that all the works of men are small 

compared   with   theirs。      One   single   reef�察  �for   instance�察  �which   is   entirely 

made by them�察�stretches along the north´east coast of Australia for nearly a 

thousand miles。        Of this you must read some day in Mr。 Jukes's Voyage 

of   H。M。S。   ;Fly。;    Every  island   throughout   a great   part   of   the   Pacific   is 

fringed round each with its coral´reef�察�and there are hundreds of islands of 

strange shapes�察�and of Atolls�察�as they are called�察�or ring´islands�察�which are 

composed entirely of coral�察�and of nothing else。 

     A ring´island�拭      �How can an island be made in the shape of a ring�拭�

     Ah� �it was a long time before men found out that riddle。                  Mr。 Darwin 

was the first to guess the answer�察�as he has guessed many an answer beside。 

These   islands   are   each   a   ring�察  �or   nearly   a   ring   of   coral�察  �with   smooth 

shallow water inside�此        �but their outsides run down�察�like a mountain wall�察�

sheer   into   seas   hundreds   of   fathoms   deep。     People   used   to   believe�察  �and 

reasonably   enough�察  �that   the   coral   polypes   began   to   build   up   the   islands 

from the very bottom of the deep sea。 

     But that would not account for the top of them being of the shape of a 

ring�察�and in time it was found out that the corals would not build except in 

shallow   water�察  �twenty   or   thirty   fathoms   deep   at   most�察  �and   men   were   at 

their wits' ends to find out the riddle。 Then said Mr。 Darwin�察 �Suppose one 

of those beautiful South Sea Islands�察�like Tahiti�察�the Queen of Isles�察�with 

its ring of coral´ reef all round its shore�察�began sinking slowly under the 

sea。    The land�察�as it sunk�察�would be gone for good and all�此               �but the coral´ 

reef round it would not�察�because the coral polypes would build up and up 

continually upon the skeletons of their dead parents�察�to get to the surface 

of the water�察�and would keep close to the top outside�察�however much the 

land sunk inside�察�and when the island had sun

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