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及43何蛍

madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平)-及43何蛍

弌傍�� madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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mackerel      themselves�察     �and   I  suspect    they   see   Mr。    Whale�察    �and   are 

scrambling out of the way as fast as they can�察�lest he should swallow them 

down�察�a dozen at a time。         Look out sharp for him now。 

     I hope he will not come very near。 



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                               MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



     No。    The fish are going from us and past us。            If he comes up�察�he will 

come up astern of us�察�so look back。           There he is� �

     That�拭    �I thought it was a boat。 

     Yes。    He does look very like a boat upside down。                But that is only 

his head and shoulders。        He will blow next。 

     ;Hoch� ─�

     Oh�     �What   a   jet   of   spray�察  �like   the   Geysers� �And   the   sun   made   a 

rainbow on the top of it。       He is quite still now。 

     Yes�察�he is taking a long breath or two。          You need not hold my hand so 

tight。   His head is from us�察�and when he goes down he will go right away。 

     Oh�察�he is turning head over heels�          �There is his back fin again。 And 

Ah� �was that not a slap�         �How the water boiled and foamed�察�and what a 

tail he had�    �And how the mackerel flew out of the water� �

     Yes。    You are a lucky boy to have seen that。            I have not seen one of 

those gentlemen show his ;flukes�察─�as they call them�察�since I was a boy on 

the Cornish coast。 

     Where is he gone�拭�

     Hunting   mackerel�察  �away   out   at   sea。    But   did   you   notice   something 

odd about his tail�察�as you call itthough it is really none�拭�

     It   looked   as   if it   was   set   on   flat�察 �and   not upright�察 �like a   fish's。 But 

why is it not a tail�拭�

     Just because it is set on flat�察�not upright�此         �and learned men will   tell 

you that those two flukes are the ;rudiments;that is�察�either the beginning�察�

or more likely the last remainsof two hind feet。             But that belongs to the 

second   volume   of   Madam   How's   Book   of   Kind�察  �and   you   have   not   yet 

learned any of the first volume�察�you know�察�except about a few butterflies。 

Look here�       �Here are more whales coming。            Don't be frightened。        They 

are only little ones�察�mackerel´hunting�察�like the big one。 

     What pretty smooth things�察�turning head over heels�察�and saying�察 �Hush�察�

Hush� ─�

     They   don't   really   turn   clean   over�察  �and   that   ;Hush;   is   their   way   of 

breathing。 

     Are they the young ones of that great monster�拭�

     No�察  �they   are   porpoises。    That   big   one   is�察  �I   believe�察  �a   bottle´   nose。 



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But   if   you   want   to   know   about   the   kinds   of   whales�察  �you   must   ask   Dr。 

Flower at the   Royal College of Surgeons�察�and   not me�此               �and he will tell 

you wonderful things about them。How some of them have mouths full of 

strong teeth�察�like these porpoises�察�and others�察�like the great sperm whale in 

the South Sea�察�have huge teeth in their lower jaws�察�and in the upper only 

holes into which those teeth fit�察�others like the bottle´nose�察�only two teeth 

or so in the lower jaw�察�and others�察�like the narwhal�察�two straight tusks in 

the upper jaw�察�only one of which grows�察�and is what you call a narwhal's 

horn。 

     Oh yes。     I know of a walking´stick made of one。 

     And strangest of all�察�how the right´whales have a few little teeth when 

they   are   born�察  �which   never   come   through   the   gums�察  �but�察  �instead�察  �they 

grow   all   along   their   gums�察  �an   enormous   curtain   of   clotted   hair�察  �which 

serves as a net to keep in the tiny sea´ animals on which they feed�察�and let 

the water strain out。 

     You mean whalebone�拭          �Is whalebone hair�拭�

     So it seems。      And so is a rhinoceros's horn。          A rhinoceros used to be 

hairy all over in old times�此        �but now he carries all his hair on the end of 

his nose�察�except a few bristles on his tail。          And the right´whale�察�not to be 

done in oddity�察�carries all his on his gums。 

     But have no whales any hair�拭�

     No   real   whales�此   �but   the   Manati�察  �which   is   very  nearly  a   whale�察  �has 

long   bristly  hair   left。  Don't   you   remember  M。's   letter   about   the  one  he 

saw at Rio Janeiro�拭�

     This is all very funny�此      �but what is the use of knowing so much about 

things' teeth and hair�拭�

     What is the use of learning Latin and Greek�察�and a dozen things more 

which you have to learn�拭           �You don't know yet�此        �but wiser people than 

you tell you that they will be of use some day。             And I can tell you�察�that if 

you   would   only  study  that   gar´fish   long   enough�察  �and   compare   him  with 

another fish something like him�察�who has a long beak to his lower jaw�察�and 

none   to   his   upperand   how   he   eats   I   cannot   guess��and   both   of   them 

again with certain fishes like them�察�which M。 Agassiz has found lately�察�not 

in the sea�察�but in the river Amazon�察�and then think carefully enough over 



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                              MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



their bones and teeth�察�and their history from the   time they are   hatched 

why�察�you would find out�察�I believe�察�a story about the river Amazon itself�察�

more wonderful than all the fairy tales you ever read。 

    Now there   is luncheon  ready。        Come down below�察�and   don't   tumble 

down the companion´stairs�察�and by the time   you have eaten your dinner 

we shall be very near the shore。 

     * * * 

     So�拭   �Here is my little man on deck�察�after a good night's rest。 And he 

has not been the least sick�察�I hear。 

    Not a bit�此    �but the cabin was so stuffy and hot�察�I asked leave to come 

on deck。     What a huge steamer�         �But I do not like it as well as the yacht。 

It smells of oil and steam�察�and ´ 

    And pigs and bullocks too�察�I am sorry to say。           Don't go forward above 

them�察�but stay here with me�察�and look round。 

    Where are we now�拭          �What are those high hills�察�far away to the left�察�

above the lowlands and woods�拭�

     Those are the shore of the Old Worldthe Welsh mountains。 

    And in front of us I can see nothing but flat land。          Where is that�拭�

     That is the mouth of the Severn and Avon�察�where we shall be in half an 

hour more。 

    And there�察�on the right�察�over the low hills�察�I can see higher ones�察�blue 

and hazy。 

     Those are  an   island of   the  Old World�察 �called  now  the  Mendip   Hills�察�

and we are steaming along the great strait between the Mendips and the 

Welsh mountains�察�which once was coral reef�察�and is now the Severn sea�察�

and by the time you have eaten your breakfast we shall steam in through a 

crack   in   that   coral´reef�察  �and   you   will   see   what   you   missed   seeing   when 

you went to Ireland�察�because you went on board at night。 

     * * * 

     Oh�    �Where have we got to now�拭          �Where is the wide Severn Sea�拭�

     Two or three miles beyond us�察�and here we are in narrow little Avon。 

    Narrow indeed。        I wonder that the steamer does not run against those 

rocks。    But how beautiful they are�察�and how the trees hang down over the 

water�察�and are all reflected in it� �



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     Yes。    The gorge of the Avon is always lovely。              I saw it first when I 

was a little boy like you�察�and I have seen it many a time since�察�in sunshine 

and    in  storm�察  �and   thought    it  more   lovely   every    time。  Look�    �there   is 

something curious。 

     What�拭     �Those great rusty rings fixed into the rock�拭�

     Yes。    Those may be as old�察�for aught I know�察�as Queen Elizabeth's or 

James's reign。 

     But why were they put there�拭�

     For ships to hold on by�察�if they lost the tide。 

     What do you mean�拭�

     It  is  high   tide  now。    That    is  why    the  water   is  almost    up  to  the 

branches of   the trees。      But   when   the   tide   turns�察 �it   will   all   rush out  in   a 

torrent which would sweep ships out to sea again�察�if they had not steam�察�as 

we   have�察  �to   help   them   up   against   the   stream。 So   sailing   ships�察  �in   old 

times�察�fastened themselves to those rings�察�and rode against the stream till 

the tide turned�察�and carried them up to Bristol。 

     But what is the tide�拭       �And why does it go up and down�拭              �And why 

does it alter with the moon�察�as I heard you all saying so often in Ireland�拭�

     That is a long story�察�which I must tell you something about some other 

time。    Now I want you to look at something else�此              �and that is�察�the rocks 

themselves�察  �in   which   the   rings   are。  They  are   very  curious   in   my  eyes�察�

and very valuable�察�for they taught me a lesson in geology when I was quite 

a boy�此    �and I want them to teach it to you now。 

     What is there curious in them�拭�

     This。    You will soon see for yourself�察�even from the steamer's deck�察�

that they are not the same rock as the high limestone hills above。                   They 

are made up of red sand and pebbles�察�and they are a whole world younger�察�

indeed some say two worlds younger�察�than the limestone hills above�察�and 

lie upon the top of the limestone。         Now you may see what I meant when I 

said   that   the   newer   rocks�察  �though   they   lie   on   the   top   of   the   older�察  �were 

often lower down than they are。 

     But how do you know that they lie on the limestone�拭�

     Look into that corner of the river�察�as we turn round�察�and you will see 

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