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madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平)-及7何蛍

弌傍�� madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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gray limestone marble�察�but just at this place they were replaced by granite�察�

such as you may see in London Bridge or at Aberdeen。                        I do not mean 

that the limestone changed to granite�察�but that the granite had risen up out 

of the bottom of the valley�察�and had carried the limestone ��I suppose�� up 

on its back hundreds of feet into the air。            Those caves with the waterfalls 

pouring from their mouths were all on one level�察�at the top of the granite�察�

and the bottom of the limestone。             That was to be expected�察�for�察�as I will 

explain to you some day�察�water can make caves easily in limestone�此                       �but 

never�察  �I   think�察  �in   granite。  But   I   knew   that   besides   these   cold   springs 

which came out of the caves�察�there were hot springs also�察�full of curious 

chemical salts�察�just below the very  house where   I was in。                  And when   I 

went to look at them�察�I found that they came out of the rock just where the 

limestone      and   the  granite    joined。    ;Ah�察─   �I  said�察  �now     I  think  I  have 

Madam How's answer。             The lid of one of her great steam boilers is rather 

shaky and cracked just here�察�because the granite has broken and torn the 

limestone   as   it   lifted   it   up�察  �and   here   is   the   hot   water   out   of   the   boiler 

actually oozing out of the crack�察�and the earthquake I heard last night was 

simply the steam rumbling and thumping inside�察�and trying to get out。; 

     And then�察�my dear child�察�I fell into a more serious mood。                     I said to 

myself�察 �If that stream had been a little�察�only a little stronger�察�or if the rock 

above   it   had   been   only   a   little   weaker�察  �it   would   have   been   no   laughing 

matter then�察�the village might have been shaken to the ground�察�the rocks 



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                               MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



hurled into the torrent�察�jets of steam and of hot water�察�mixed�察�it may be�察�

with deadly gases�察�have   roared out of the   riven ground�察�that might have 

happened      here�察  �in  short�察  �which    has  happened      and   happens    still  in  a 

hundred places in the world�察�whenever the rocks are too weak to stand the 

pressure of the steam below�察�and the solid earth bursts as an engine boiler 

bursts when the steam within it is too strong。;             And when those thoughts 

came into my  mind�察�I was in no humour to jest any  more about ;young 

earthquakes�察─�or ;Madam How's boilers�察─�but rather to say with the wise 

man of old�察 �It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed。; 

     Most strange�察�most terrible also�察�are the tricks which this underground 

steam plays。      It will make the ground�察�which seems to us so hard and firm�察�

roll and rock in waves�察�till people are sea´ sick�察�as on board a ship�察�and 

that rocking motion ��which is the most common�� will often�察�when it is but 

slight�察  �set   the   bells   ringing   in   the   steeples�察  �or   make   the   furniture�察  �and 

things on shelves�察�jump about quaintly enough。                It will make trees bend 

to and fro�察�as if a wind was blowing through them�察�open doors suddenly�察�

and shut them again with a slam�察�make the timbers of the floors and roofs 

creak�察�as they do in a ship at sea�察�or give men such frights as one of the 

dock´keepers       at  Liverpool     got   in  the  earthquake     in   1863�察  �when     his 

watchbox rocked so�察�that he thought some one was going to pitch him over 

into the dock。      But these are only little hints and warnings of what it can 

do。    When it is strong enough�察�it will rock down houses and churches into 

heaps   of   ruins�察  �or�察  �if   it   leaves   them   standing�察  �crack   them   from   top   to 

bottom�察�so that they must be pulled down and rebuilt。 

     You   saw   those   pictures   of   the   ruins   of   Arica�察  �about   which   our   talk 

began�察�and from them you can guess well enough for yourself what a town 

looks like which has been ruined by an earthquake。                  Of the misery  and 

the horror which follow such a ruin I will not talk to you�察�nor darken your 

young spirit with sad thoughts which grown people must face�察�and ought 

to face。    But the strangeness of some of the tricks which the earthquake 

shocks play is hardly to be explained�察�even by scientific men。                Sometimes�察�

it   would   seem�察  �the   force   runs   round�察  �making   the   solid   ground   eddy�察  �as 

water eddies in a brook。         For it will make straight rows of trees crooked�察�

it will twist whole walls roundor rather the ground on which the walls 



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standwithout throwing them down�察�it will shift the stones of a pillar one 

on   the   other   sideways�察  �as   if   a   giant   had   been   trying   to   spin   it   like   a 

teetotum�察�and so screwed it half in pieces。              There is a story told by a wise 

man�察�who saw the place himself�察�of the whole furniture of one house being 

hurled away by an earthquake�察�and buried under the ruins of another house�察�

and of things carried hundreds of yards off�察�so that the neighbours went to 

law   to   settle   who   was   the   true   owner   of   them。   Sometimes�察  �again�察  �the 

shock     seems     to  come    neither    horizontally     in  waves�察   �nor   circularly    in 

eddies�察�but vertically�察�that is�察�straight up from below�察�and then thingsand 

people�察�alas� �sometimesare thrown up off the earth high into the air�察�just 

as things spring up off the table if you strike it smartly enough underneath。 

By that same law ��for there is a law for every sort of motion�� it is that the 

earthquake   shock   sometimes   hurls   great   rocks   off   a   cliff   into   the   valley 

below。      The shock runs through the mountain till it comes to the cliff at 

the end of it�察�and then the face of the cliff�察�if it be at all loose�察�flies off into 

the air。    You may see the very same thing happen�察�if you will put marbles 

or billiard´balls in   a row  touching   each other�察 �and strike the one nearest 

you smartly in the line of the row。            All the balls stand still�察�except the last 

one�察  �and   that   flies   off。  The   shock�察  �like   the   earthquake   shock�察  �has   run 

through them all�察�but only the end one�察�which had nothing beyond it but 

soft air�察�has been moved�察�and when you grow old�察�and learn mathematics�察�

you   will   know   the   law   of   motion   according   to   which   that   happens�察  �and 

learn    to  apply   what     the  billiard´balls    have    taught   you�察  �to   explain    the 

wonders   of   an   earthquake。       For   in   this   case�察  �as   in   so   many   more�察  �you 

must watch Madam How at work on little and common things�察�to find out 

how she works in great and rare ones。               That is why Solomon says that ;a 

fool's eyes are in the ends of the earth�察─�because he is always looking out 

for    strange    things   which     he   has   not   seen�察  �and    which     he  could    not 

understand if he saw�察�instead of looking at the petty commonplace matters 

which     are   about    his  feet   all  day   long�察  �and   getting    from    them    sound 

knowledge�察�and the art of getting more sound knowledge still。 

     Another   terrible   destruction   which   the   earthquake   brings�察  �when   it   is 

close to the seaside�察�is the wash of a great sea wave�察�such as swept in last 

year upon the island of St。 Thomas�察�in the West Indies�察�such as swept in 



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upon the coast of Peru this year。          The sea moans�察�and sinks back�察�leaving 

the shore dry�察�and then comes in from the offing a mighty wall of water�察�as 

high   as�察  �or   higher   than�察  �many   a   tall   house�察  �sweeps   far   inland�察  �washing 

away   quays   and   houses�察  �and   carrying   great   ships   in   with   it�察  �and   then 

sweeps back   again�察 �leaving   the ships high and   dry�察�as   ships   were left   in 

Peru this year。 

     Now�察�how is that wave made�拭            �Let us think。     Perhaps in many ways。 

But two of them I will tell you as simply as I can�察�because they seem the 

most likely�察�and probably the most common。 

     Suppose�察�as the earthquake shock ran on�察�making the earth under the 

sea heave and fall in long earth´waves�察�the sea´bottom sank down。                     Then 

the water on it would sink down too�察�and leave the shore dry�察�till the sea´ 

bottom rose again�察�and hurled the water up again against the land。                 This is 

one   way   of   explaining   it�察  �and   it   may   be   true。 For   certain   it   is�察  �that 

earthquakes   do   move   the   bottom   of   the   sea�察  �and   certain�察  �too�察  �that   they 

move the water of the sea also�察�and with tremendous force。                   For ships at 

sea during an earthquake feel such a blow from it ��though it does them no 

harm�� that the sailors often rush upon deck fancying that they have struck 

upon a rock�察�and the force which could give a ship�察�floating in water�察�such 

a blow as that�察�would be strong enough to hurl thousands of tons of water 

up the beach�察�and on to the land。 

     But there is another way of accounting for this great sea wave�察�which I 

fancy comes true sometimes。 

     Suppose you put an empty india´rubber ball into water�察�and then blow 

into it through a pipe。       Of course�察�you know�察�as the ball filled�察�the upper 

side of it would rise out of the water。         Now�察�suppose there were a party of 

little ants moving about upon that ball�察�and fancying it a great island�察�or 

perhaps the whole world what would they think of the ball's filling and 

growing bigger�拭�

     

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