the wars of the jews-第127部分

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s　more　heavy　upon　him　than　the　other；　for　he　was　terribly　disturbed；　and　continually　cried　out　that　he　saw　the　ghosts　of　those　whom　he　had　slain　standing　before　him。　Where　upon　he　was　not　able　to　contain　himself；　but　leaped　out　of　his　bed；　as　if　both　torments　and　fire　were　brought　to　him。　This　his　distemper　grew　still　a　great　deal　worse　and　worse　continually；　and　his　very　entrails　were　so　corroded；　that　they　fell　out　of　his　body；　and　in　that　condition　he　died。　Thus　he　became　as　great　an　instance　of　Divine　Providence　as　ever　was；　and　demonstrated　that　God　punishes　wicked　men。　　　　5。　And　here　we　shall　put　an　end　to　this　our　history；　wherein　we　formerly　promised　to　deliver　the　same　with　all　accuracy；　to　such　as　should　be　desirous　of　understanding　after　what　manner　this　war　of　the　Romans　with　the　Jews　was　managed。　Of　which　history；　how　good　the　style　is；　must　be　left　to　the　determination　of　the　readers；　but　as　for　its　agreement　with　the　facts；　I　shall　not　scruple　to　say；　and　that　boldly；　that　truth　hath　been　what　I　have　alone　aimed　at　through　its　entire　composition。

WAR　BOOK　7　FOOTNOTES

（1）　Why　the　great　Bochart　should　say；　（De　Phoenic。　Colon。　B。　II。　ch。　iv。；）　that〃　there　are　in　this　clause　of　Josephus　as　many　mistakes　as　words；〃　I　do　by　no　means　understand。　Josephus　thought　Melchisedek　first　built；　or　rather　rebuilt　and　adorned；　this　city；　and　that　it　was　then　called　Salem；　as　Psalm　76：2；　afterwards　came　to　be　called　Jerusalem；　and　that　Melchisedek；　being　a　priest　as　well　as　a　king；　built　to　the　true　God　therein　a　temple；　or　place　for　public　Divine　worship　and　sacrifice；　all　which　things　may　be　very　true　for　aught　we　know　to　the　contrary。　And　for　the　word；　or　temple；　as　if　it　must　needs　belong　to　the　great　temple　built　by　Solomon　long　afterward；　Josephus　himself　uses；　for　the　small　tabernacle　of　Moses；　Antiq。　B。　III。　ch。　6。　sect。　4；　see　also　Antiq。　B。　lit。　ch。　6。　sect。　1；　as　he　here　presently　uses；　for　a　large　and　splendid　synagogue　of　the　Jews　at　Antioch；　B。　VII。　ch。　3。　sect。　3。

（2）　This　Tereutius　Rufus；　as　Reland　in　part　observes　here；　is　the　same　person　whom　the　Talmudists　call　Turnus　Rufus；　of　whom　they　relate；　that　〃he　ploughed　up　Sion　as　a　field；　and　made　Jerusalem　become　as　heaps；　and　the　mountain　of　the　house　as　the　high　Idaces　of　a　forest；〃　which　was　long　before　foretold　by　the　prophet　Micah；　ch。　3：12；　and　quoted　from　him　in　the　prophecies　of　Jeremiah；　ch。　26：18。

（3）　See　Ecclesiastes　8：11。

（4）　This　Berytus　was　certainly　a　Roman　colony；　and　has　coins　extant　that　witness　the　same；　as　Hudson　and　Spanheim　inform　us。　See　the　note　on　Antiq。　B。　XVI：　ch。　11。　sect。　1。

（5）　The　Jews　at　Antioch　and　Alexandria；　the　two　principal　cities　in　all　the　East；　had　allowed　them；　both　by　the　Macedonians；　and　afterwards　by　the　Romans；　a　governor　of　their　own；　who　was　exempt　from　the　jurisdiction　of　the　other　civil　governors。　He　was　called　sometimes　barely　〃governor；〃　sometimes　〃ethnarch；〃　and　＇at　Alexandria＇　〃alabarch；〃　as　Dr。　Hudson　takes　notice　on　this　place　out　of　Fuller's　Miscellanies。　They　had　the　like　governor　or　governors　allowed　them　at　Babylon　under　their　captivity　there；　as　the　history　of　Susanna　implies。

（6）　This　Classicus；　and　Civilis；　and　Cerealis　are　names　well　known　in　Tacitus；　the　two　former　as　moving　sedition　against　the　Romans；　and　the　last　as　sent　to　repress　them　by　Vespasian；　just　as　they　are　here　described　in　Josephus；　which　is　the　case　also　of　Fontellis　Agrippa　and　Rubrius　Gallup；　i；　sect。　3。　But　as　to　the　very　favorable　account　presently　given　of　Domitian；　particularly　as　to　his　designs　in　this　his　Gallic　and　German　expedition；　it　is　not　a　little　contrary　to　that　in　Suetonius；　Vesp。　sect。　7。　Nor　are　the　reasons　unobvious　that　might　occasion　this　great　diversity：　Domitian　was　one　of　Josephus's　patrons；　and　when　he　published　these　books　of　the　Jewish　war；　was　very　young；　and　had　hardly　begun　those　wicked　practices　which　rendered　him　so　infamous　afterward；　while　Suetonius　seems　to　have　been　too　young；　and　too　low　in　life；　to　receive　any　remarkable　favors　from　him；　as　Domitian　was　certainly　very　lewd　and　cruel；　and　generally　hated；　when　Puetonius　wrote　about　him。

（7）　Since　in　these　latter　ages　this　Sabbatic　River；　once　so　famous；　which；　by　Josephus's　account　here；　ran　every　seventh　day；　and　rested　on　six；　but　according　to　Pliny；　Nat。　Hist。　31。　II；　ran　perpetually　on　six　days；　and　rested　every　seventh；　（though　it　no　way　appears　by　either　of　their　accounts　that　the　seventh　day　of　this　river　was　the　Jewish　seventh　day　or　sabbath；）　is　quite　vanished；　I　shall　add　no　more　about　it：　only　see　Dr。　Hudson's　note。　In　Varenius's　Geography；　i；　17；　the　reader　will　find　several　instances　of　such　periodical　fountains　and。　rivers；　though　none　of　their　periods　were　that　of　a　just　week　as　of　old　this　appears　to　have　been。

（8）　Vespasian　and　his　two　sons；　Titus　and　Domitian。

（9）　See　the　representations　of　these　Jewish　vessels　as　they　still　stand　on　Titus's　triumphal　arch　at　Rome；　in　Reland's　very　curious　book　de　Spoliis　Ternpli；　throughout。　But　what；　things　are　chiefly　to　be　noted　are　these：　（1。）　That　Josephus　says　the　candlestick　here　carried　in　this　triumph　was　not　thoroughly　like　that　which　was　used　in　the　temple；　which　appears　in　the　number　of　the　little　knobs　and　flowers　in　that　on　the　triumphal　arch　not　well　agreeing　with　Moses's　description；　Exodus　25：31…36。　（2。）　The　smallness　of　the　branches　in　Josephus　compared　with　the　thickness　of　those　on　that　arch。　（3。）　That　the　Law　or　Pentateuch　does　not　appear　on　that　arch　at　all；　though　Josephus；　an　eye…witness；　assures　us　that　it　was　carried　in　this　procession。　All　which　things　deserve　the　consideration　of　the　inquisitive　reader。

（10）　Spanheim　observes　here；　that　in　Graceia　Major　and　Sicily　they　had　rue　prodigiously　great　and　durable；　like　this　rue　at　Macherus；

（11）　This　strange　account　of　the　place　and　root　Baaras　seems　to　have　been　taken　from　the　magicians；　and　the　root　to　have　been　made　use　of　in　the　days　of　Josephus；　in　that　superstitious　way　of　casting　out　demons；　supposed　by　him　to　have　been　derived　from　king　Solomon；　of　which　we　have　already　seen　he　had　a　great　opinion；　Antiq。　B。　VIII。　ch。　2。　sect。　5。　We　also　may　hence　learn　the　true　notion　Josephus　had　of　demons　and　demoniacs；　exactly　like　that　of　the　Jews　and　Christians　in　the　New　Testament；　and　the　first　four　centuries。　See　Antiq。　B。　I。　ch。　8。　sect。　2；　B。　XI；　ch。　2。　sect。　3。

（12）　It　is　very　remarkable　that　Titus　did　not　people　this　now　desolate　country　of　Judea；　but　ordered　it　to　be　all　sold；　nor　indeed　is　it　properly　peopled　at　this　day；　but　lies　ready　for　its　old　inhabitants　the　Jews；　at　their　future　restoration。　See　Literal　Accomplishment　of　Prophecies；　p。　77。

（13）　That　the　city　Emmaus；　or　Areindus；　in　Josephus　and　others　which　was　the　place　of　the　government　of　Julius　Africanus　were　slain；　to　the　number　of　one　thousand　seven　hundred；　as　were　the　women　and　the　children　made　slaves。　But　as　Bassus　thought　he　must　perform　the　covenant　he　had　made　with　those　that　had　surrendered　the　citadel；　he　let　them　go；　and　restored　Eleazar　to　them；　in　the　beginning　of　the　third　century；　and　which　he　then　procured　to　be　rebuilt；　and　after　which　rebuilding　it　was　called　Nicopolis；　is　entirely　different　from　that　Emmaus　which　is　mentioned　by　St。　Luke　24；13；　see　Reland's　Paleestina；　lib。　II。　p。　429；　and　under　the　name　Ammaus　also。　But　he　justly　thinks　that　that　in　St。　Luke　may　well　be　the　same　with　his　Ammaus　before　us；　especially　since　the　Greek　copies　here　usually　make　it　sixty　furlongs　distant　from　Jerusalem；　as　does　St。　Luke；　though　the　Latin　copies　say　only　thirty。　The　place　also　allotted　for　these　eight　hundred　soldiers；　as　for　a　Roman　garrison；　in　this　place；　would　most　naturally　be　not　so　remote　from　Jerusalem　as　was　the　other　Emmaus；　or　Nicopolis。

（14）　Pliny　and　others　confirm　this　strange　paradox；　that　provisions　laid　up　against　sieges　will　continue　good　for　a　hundred　ears；　as　Spanheim　notes　upon　this　place。

（15）　The　speeches　in　this　and　the　next　section；　as　introduced　under　the　person　of　this　Eleazar；　are　exceeding　remarkable；　and　oil　the　noblest　subjects；　the　contempt　of　death；　and　the　dignity　and　immortality　of　the　soul；　and　that　not　only　among　the　Jews；　but　among　the　Indians　themselves　also；　and　are　highly　worthy　the　perusal　of　all　the　curious。　It　seems　as　if　that　philosophic　lady　who　survived；　ch。　9。　sect。　1；　2；　remembered　the　substance　of　these　discourses；　as　spoken　by　Eleazar；　and　so　Josephus　clothed　them　in　his　own　words：　at　the　lowest　they　contain　the　Jewish　notions　on　these　heads；　as　understood　then　by　our　Josephus；　and　cannot　but　deserve　a　suitable　regard　from　us。

（16）　See　B。　II。　ch。　20。　sect。　2；　where　the　number　of　the　slain　is　but　10；000。

（17）　Reland　here　sets　down　a　parallel　aphorism　of　one　of　the　Jewish　Rabbins；　〃We　are　born　that　we　may　die；　and　die　that　we　may　live。'

（18）　Since　Josephus　here　informs　us　that　some　of　these　Sicarii；　or　ruffians；　went　from　Alexandria　（which　was　itself　in　Egypt；　in　a　large　sense）　into　Egypt；　and　Thebes　there　situated；　Reland　well　observes；　from　Vossius；　that　Egypt　sometimes　denotes　Proper　or　Upper　Egypt；　as　distinct　from　the　Delta；　and　the　lower　parts　near　Palestine。　Accordingly；　as　he　adds；　those　that　say　it　never　rains　in　Egypt　must　mean　the　Proper　or　Upper　Egypt；　because　it　does　sometimes　rain　in　the　other　parts。　See　the　note　on　Antiq。　B。　II。　ch。　7。　sect。　7；　and　B。　III。　ch。　1。　sect。　6。

（19）　Of　this　temple　of　Onias's　building　in　Egypt；　see　the　notes　on　Antiq。　B。　XIII。　ch。　3。　sect。　1。　But　whereas　it　is　elsewhere；　both　of　the　War；　B。　I。　ch。　1。　sect。　1；　and　in　the　Antiquities　as　now　quoted；　said　that　this　temple　was　like　to　that　at　Jerusalem；　and　here　that　it　was　not　like　it；　but　like　a　tower；　sect。　3；　there　is　some　reason　to　suspect　the　reading　here；　and　that　either　the　negative　particle　is　here　to　be　blotted　out；　or　the　word　entirely　added。

（20）　We　must　observe；　that　Josephus　here　speaks　of　Antiochus　who　profaned　the　temple　as　now　alive；　when　Onias　had　leave　given　them　by　Philometer　to　build　his　temple；　whereas　it　seems　not　to　have　been　actually　built　till　about　fifteen　years　afterwards。　Yet；　because　it　is　said　in　the　Antiquities　that　Onias　went　to　Philometer；　B。　XII。　ch。　9。　sect。　7；　during　the　lifetime　of　that　Antiochus；　it　is　probable　he　petitioned；　a