the wars of the jews-第51部分
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d not intend to do any thing on the next day； because it was the sabbath day； and would hinder his proceeding。 So he contrived to circumvent the revolters by a stratagem； and in the first place he ordered the gates of Taricheae to be shut； that nobody might go out and inform ＇those of Tiberias＇； for whom it was intended； what stratagem he was about； he then got together all the ships that were upon the lake； which were found to be two hundred and thirty； and in each of them he put no more than four mariners。 So he sailed to Tiberias with haste； and kept at such a distance from the city； that it was not easy for the people to see the vessels； and ordered that the empty vessels should float up and down there； while himself； who had but seven of his guards with him； and those unarmed also； went so near as to be seen； but when his adversaries； who were still reproaching him； saw him from the walls； they were so astonished that they supposed all the ships were full of armed men； and threw down their arms； and by signals of intercession they besought him to spare the city。
9。 Upon this Josephus threatened them terribly； and reproached them； that when they were the first that took up arms against the Romans； they should spend their force beforehand in civil dissensions； and do what their enemies desired above all things； and that besides they should endeavor so hastily to seize upon him； who took care of their safety； and had not been ashamed to shut the gates of their city against him that built their walls； that； however； he would admit of any intercessors from them that might make some excuse for them； and with whom he would make such agreements as might be for the city's security。 Hereupon ten of the most potent men of Tiberias came down to him presently； and when he had taken them into one of his vessels； he ordered them to be carried a great way off from the city。 He then commanded that fifty others of their senate； such as were men of the greatest eminence； should come to him； that they also might give him some security on their behalf。 After which； under one new pretense or another； he called forth others； one after another； to make the leagues between them。 He then gave order to the masters of those vessels which he had thus filled to sail away immediately for Taricheae； and to confine those men in the prison there； till at length he took all their senate； consisting of six hundred persons； and about two thousand of the populace； and carried them away to Taricheae。 （35）
10。 And when the rest of the people cried out； that it was one Clitus that was the chief author of this revolt； they desired him to spend his anger upon him ＇only＇； but Josephus； whose intention it was to slay nobody； commanded one Levius； belonging to his guards； to go out of the vessel； in order to cut off both Clitus's hands； yet was Levius afraid to go out by himself alone to such a large body of enemies； and refused to go。 Now Clitus saw that Josephus was in a great passion in the ship； and ready to leap out of it； in order to execute the punishment himself； he begged therefore from the shore； that he would leave him one of his hands； which Josephus agreed to； upon condition that he would himself cutoff the other hand； accordingly he drew his sword； and with his right hand cut off his left； so great was the fear he was in of Josephus himself。 And thus he took the people of Tiberias prisoners； and recovered the city again with empty ships and seven of his guard。 Moreover； a few days afterward he retook Gischala； which had revolted with the people of Sepphoris； and gave his soldiers leave to plunder it； yet did he get all the plunder together； and restored it to the inhabitants； and the like he did to the inhabitants of Sepphoris and Tiberias。 For when he had subdued those cities； he had a mind； by letting them be plundered； to give them some good instruction； while at the same time he regained their good…will by restoring them their money again。
CHAPTER 22。
The Jews Make All Ready For The War； And Simon； The Son Of Gioras； Falls To Plundering。
1。 And thus were the disturbances of Galilee quieted； when； upon their ceasing to prosecute their civil dissensions； they betook themselves to make preparations for the war with the Romans。 Now in Jerusalem the high priest Artanus； and do as many of the men of power as were not in the interest of the Romans； both repaired the walls； and made a great many warlike instruments； insomuch that in all parts of the city darts and all sorts of armor were upon the anvil。 Although the multitude of the young men were engaged in exercises； without any regularity； and all places were full of tumultuous doings； yet the moderate sort were exceedingly sad； and a great many there were who； out of the prospect they had of the calamities that were coming upon them； made great lamentations。 There were also such omens observed as were understood to be forerunners of evils by such as loved peace； but were by those that kindled the war interpreted so as to suit their own inclinations； and the very state of the city； even before the Romans came against it； was that of a place doomed to destruction。 However； Ananus's concern was this； to lay aside； for a while； the preparations for the war； and to persuade the seditious to consult their own interest； and to restrain the madness of those that had the name of zealots； but their violence was too hard for him； and what end he came to we shall relate hereafter。
2。 But as for the Acrabbene toparchy； Simon； the son of Gioras； got a great number of those that were fond of innovations together； and betook himself to ravage the country； nor did he only harass the rich men's houses； but tormented their bodies； and appeared openly and beforehand to affect tyranny in his government。 And when an army was sent against him by Artanus； and the other rulers； he and his band retired to the robbers that were at Masada； and staid there； and plundered the country of Idumea with them； till both Ananus and his other adversaries were slain； and until the rulers of that country were so afflicted with the multitude of those that were slain； and with the continual ravage of what they had； that they raised an army； and put garrisons into the villages； to secure them from those insults。 And in this state were the affairs of Judea at that time。
WAR BOOK 2 FOOTNOTES
（1） Hear Dean Aldrich's note on this place： 〃The law or Custom of the Jews （says he） requires seven days' mourning for the dead； Antiq。 B。 XVII。 ch。 8。 sect。 4； whence the author of the Book of Ecclesiasticus； ch。 22：12； assigns seven days as the proper time of mourning for the dead； and； ch。 38：17； enjoins men to mourn for the dead； that they may not be evil spoken of； for； as Josephus says presently； if any one omits this mourning ＇funeral feast＇； he is not esteemed a holy person。 How it is certain that such a seven days' mourning has been customary from times of the greatest antiquity； Genesis 1：10。 Funeral feasts are also mentioned as of considerable antiquity； Ezekiel 24：17； Jeremiah 16：7； Prey。 31：6； Deuteronomy 26：14； Josephus； Of the War B。 III。 ch。 9。 sect。 5。
（2） This holding a council in the temple of Apollo； in the emperor's palace at Rome； by Augustus； and even the building of this temple magnificently by himself in that palace； are exactly agreeable to Augustus； in his elder years； as Aldrich and from Suttonius and Propertius。
（3） Here we have a strong confirmation that it was Xerxes； and not Artaxerxes； under whom the main part of the Jews returned out of the Babylonian captivity； i。e。 in the days of Ezra and Nehemiah。 The same thing is in the Antiquities； B。 XI。 ch。6
（4） This practice of the Essens； in refusing to swear； and esteeming swearing in ordinary occasions worse than perjury； is delivered here in general words； as are the parallel injunctions of our Savior； Matthew 6：34； 23：16； and of St。 James； 5：12； but all admit of particular exceptions for solemn causes； and on great and necessary occasions。 Thus these very Essens； who here do so zealously avoid swearing； are related； in the very next section； to admit none till they take tremendous oaths to perform their several duties to God； and to their neighbor； without supposing they thereby break this rule； Not to swear at all。 The case is the same in Christianity； as we learn from the Apostolical Constitutions； which although they agree with Christ and St。 James； in forbidding to swear in general； ch。 5：12； 6：2； 3； yet do they explain it elsewhere； by avoiding to swear falsely； and to swear often and in vain； ch。 2：36； and again； by 〃not swearing at all；〃 but withal adding； that 〃if that cannot be avoided； to swear truly；〃 ch。 7：3； which abundantly explain to us the nature of the measures of this general injunction。
（5） This mention of the 〃names of angels；〃 so particularly preserved by the Essens； （if it means more than those 〃messengers〃 which were employed to bring； them the peculiar books of their Sect；） looks like a prelude to that 〃worshipping of angels；〃 blamed by St。 Paul； as superstitious and unlawful； in some such sort of people as these Essens were； Colossians 2：8； as is the prayer to or towards the sun for his rising every morning； mentioned before； sect。 5； very like those not much later observances made mention of in the preaching of Peter； Authent。 Rec。 Part II。 p。 669； and regarding a kind of worship of angels； of the month； and of the moon； and not celebrating the new moons； or other festivals； unless the moon appeared。 Which； indeed； seems to me the earliest mention of any regard to the phases in fixing the Jewish calendar； of which the Talmud and later Rabbins talk so much； and upon so very little ancient foundation。
（6） Of these Jewish or Essene （and indeed Christian） doctrines concerning souls； both good and bad； in Hades； see that excellent discourse； or homily； of our Josephus concerning Hades； at the end of the volume。
（7） Dean Aldrich reckons up three examples of this gift of prophecy in several of these Essens out of Josephus himself； viz。 in the History of the War； B。 I。 ch。 3。 sect。 5； Judas foretold the death of Antigonus at Strato's Tower； B。 II。 ch。 7。 sect。 3； Simon foretold that Archelaus should reign but nine or ten years； and Anti
