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made a throne to be erected�察�upon which he seated himself。  Then he ordered feather´beds to be laid upon the bench below�察�on which the earls were wont to be seated�察�and threw himself down from his high seat or throne into the earl's seat�察�giving himself the title of earl。  Now Hrollaug went to meet King Harald�察�gave up to him his whole kingdom�察�offered to enter into his service�察�and told him his whole proceeding。  Then took King Harald a sword�察�fastened it to Hrollaug's belt�察�bound a shield to his neck�察�and made him thereupon an earl�察�and led him to his earl's seat�察�and therewith gave him the district Naumudal�察�and set him as earl over it �┌�A。D。 866����。 ��1��

ENDNOTES�此。�1��  Before writing was in general use�察�this symbolical way of      performing all important legal acts appears to have entered      into the jurisprudence of all savage nations�察�and according      to Gibbon�察�chap。 44�察 �the jurisprudence of the first Romans      exhibited the scenes of a pantomime�察�the words were adapted      to the gestures�察�and the slightest error or neglect in the      forms of proceeding was sufficient to annul the substance of      the fairest claims。;  Ed。



9。 KING HARALD'S HOME AFFAIRS。

King Harald then returned to Throndhjem�察�where he dwelt during the winter�察�and always afterwards called it his home。  He fixed here his head residence�察�which is called Lade。  This winter he took to wife Asa�察�a daughter of Earl Hakon Grjotgardson�察�who then stood in great favour and honour with the king。  In spring the king fitted out his ships。  In winter he had caused a great frigate ��a dragon�� to be built�察�and had it fitted´out in the most splendid way�察�and brought his house´troops and his berserks on board。  The forecastle men were picked men�察�for they had the king's banner。  From the stem to the mid´hold was called rausn�察�or the fore´defence�察�and there were the berserks。  Such men only were received into King Harald's house´troop as were remarkable for strength�察�courage�察�and all kinds of dexterity�察�and they alone got place in his ship�察�for he had a good choice of house´troops from the best men of every district。  King Harald had a great army�察�many large ships�察�and many men of might followed him。 Hornklofe�察�in his poem called ;Glymdrapa;�察�tells of this�察�and also that King Harald had a battle with the people of Orkadal�察�at Opdal forest�察�before he went upon this expedition。

     ;O'er the broad heath the bowstrings twang�察     �While high in air the arrows sang。      The iron shower drives to flight      The foeman from the bloody fight。      The warder of great Odin's shrine�察     �The fair´haired son of Odin's line�察     �Raises the voice which gives the cheer�察     �First in the track of wolf or bear。      His master voice drives them along      To Hel  a destined�察�trembling throng�察     �And Nokve's ship�察�with glancing sides�察     �Must fly to the wild ocean's tides。       Must fly before the king who leads      Norse axe´men on their ocean steeds。;



10。 BATTLE AT SOLSKEL

King Harald moved out with his army from Throndhjem�察�and went southwards to More。  Hunthiof was the name of the king who ruled over the district of More。  Solve Klofe was the name of his son�察�and both were great warriors。  King Nokve�察�who ruled over Raumsdal�察�was the brother of Solve's mother。  Those chiefs gathered a great force when they heard of King Harald�察�and came against him。  They met at Solskel�察�and there was a great battle�察�which was gained by King Harald ��A。D。 867��。  Hornklofe tells of this battle�此�

     ;Thus did the hero known to fame�察     �The leader of the shields�察�whose name      Strikes every heart with dire dismay�察     �Launch forth his war´ships to the fray。      Two kings he fought�察�but little strife      Was needed to cut short their life。      A clang of arms by the sea´shore�察      �And the shields' sound was heard no more。;

The two kings were slain�察�but Solve escaped by flight�察�and King Harald laid both districts under his power。  He stayed here long in summer to establish law and order for the country people�察�and set men to rule them�察�and keep them faithful to him�察�and in autumn he prepared to return northwards to Throndhjem。  Ragnvald Earl of More�察�a son of Eystein Glumra�察�had the summer before become one of Harald's men�察�and the king set him as chief over these two districts�察�North More and Raumsdal�察�strengthened him both with men of might and bondes�察�and gave him the help of ships to defend the coast against enemies。  He was called Ragnvald the Mighty�察�or the Wise�察�and people say both names suited him well。  King Harald came back to Throndhjem about winter。



11。 FALL OF KINGS ARNVID AND AUDBJORN。

The following spring ��A。D。 868�� King Harald raised a great force in Throndhjem�察�and gave out that he would proceed to South More。 Solve Klofe had passed the winter in his ships of war�察�plundering in North More�察�and had killed many of King Harald's men�察�pillaging some places�察�burning others�察�and making great ravage�察�but sometimes he had been�察�during the winter�察�with his friend King Arnvid in South More。  Now when he heard that King Harald was come with ships and a great army�察�he gathered people�察�and was strong in men´at´arms�察�for many thought they had to take vengeance of King Harald。  Solve Klofe went southwards to Firdafylke ��the Fjord district���察�which King Audbjorn ruled over�察�to ask him to help�察�and join his force to King Arnvid's and his own。  ;For�察─�said he�察 �it is now clear that we all have but one course to take�察�and that is to rise�察�all as one man�察�against King Harald�察�for we have strength enough�察�and fate must decide the victory�察�for as to the other condition of becoming his servants�察�that is no condition for us�察�who are not less noble than Harald。 My father thought it better to fall in battle for his kingdom�察�than to go willingly into King Harald's service�察�or not to abide the chance of weapons like the Naumudal kings。;  King Solve's speech was such that King Audbjorn promised his help�察�and gathered a great force together and went with it to King Arnvid�察�and they had a great army。  Now�察�they got news that King Harald was come from the north�察�and they met within Solskel。  And it was the custom to lash the ships together�察�stem to stem�察�so it was done now。  King Harald laid his ship against King Arnvid's�察�and there was the sharpest fight�察�and many men fell on both sides。  At last King Harald was raging with anger�察�and went forward to the fore´deck�察�and slew so dreadfully that all the forecastle men of Arnvid's ship were driven aft of the mast�察�and some fell。 Thereupon Harald boarded the ship�察�and King Arnvid's men tried to save themselves by flight�察�and he himself was slain in his ship。 King Audbjorn also fell�察�but Solve fled。  So says Hornklofe�此 �

     ;Against the hero's shield in vain      The arrow´storm fierce pours its rain。      The king stands on the blood´stained deck�察     �Trampling on many a stout foe's neck�察     �And high above the dinning stound      Of helm and axe�察�and ringing sound      Of blade and shield�察�and raven's cry�察     �Is heard his shout of `Victory��';

Of King Harald's men�察�fell his earls Asgaut and Asbjorn�察�together with his brothers´in´law�察�Grjotgard and Herlaug�察�the sons of Earl Hakon of Lade。  Solve became afterwards a great sea´king�察�and often did great damage in King Harald's dominions。



12。 KING VEMUND BURNT TO DEATH。

After this battle ��A。D。 868�� King Harald subdued South More�察�but Vemund�察�King Audbjorn's brother�察�still had Firdafylke。  It was now late in harvest�察�and King Harald's men gave him the counsel not to proceed south´wards round Stad。  Then King Harald set Earl Ragnvald over South and North More and also Raumsdal�察�and he had many people about him。  King Harald returned to Throndhjem。  The same winter ��A。D。 869�� Ragnvald went over Eid�察�and southwards to the Fjord district。  There he heard news of King Vemund�察�and came by night to a place called Naustdal�察�where King Vemund was living in guest´quarters。  Earl Ragnvald surrounded the house in which they were quartered�察�and burnt the king in it�察�together with ninety men。  The came Berdlukare to Earl Ragnvald with a complete armed long´ship�察�and they both returned to More。  The earl took all the ships Vemund had�察�and all the goods he could get hold of。 Berdlukare proceeded north to Throndhjem to King Harald�察�and became his man�察�and dreadful berserk he was。



13。 DEATH OF EARLS HAKON�察�AND ATLE MJOVE。

The following spring ��A。D。 869�� King Harald went southwards with his fleet along the coast�察�and subdued Firdafylke。  Then he sailed eastward along the land until he came to Vik�察�but he left Earl Hakon Grjotgardson behind�察�and set him over the Fjord district。  Earl Hakon sent word to Earl Atle Mjove that he should leave Sogn district�察�and be earl over Gaular district�察�as he had been before�察�alleging that King Harald had given Sogn district to him。  Earl Atle sent word that he would keep both Sogn district and Gaular district�察�until he met King Harald。  The two earls quarreled about this so long�察�that both gathered troops。  They met at Fialar�察�in Stavanger fiord�察�and had a great battle�察�in which Earl Hakon fell�察�and Earl Atle got a mortal wound�察�and his men carried him to the island of Atley�察�where he died。  So says Eyvind Skaldaspiller�此�

     ;He who stood a rooted oak�察     �Unshaken by the swordsman's stroke�察     �Amidst the whiz of arrows slain�察     �Has fallen upon Fjalar's plain。      There�察�by the ocean's rocky shore�察     �The waves are stained with the red gore      Of stout Earl Hakon Grjotgard's son�察     �And of brave warriors many a one。;



14。 HARALD AND THE SWEDISH KING EIRIK。

King Harald came with his fleet eastward to Viken and landed at Tunsberg�察�which was then a trading town。  He had then been four years in Throndhjem�察�and in all that time had not been in Viken。 Here he heard the news that Eirik Eymundson�察�king of Sweden�察�had laid under him Vermaland�察�and was taking scat or land´tax from all the forest settlers�察�and also that he called the whole country north to Svinasund�察�and west along the sea�察�West Gautland�察�and which altogether he reckoned to his kingdom�察�and took land´tax from it。  Over this country he had set an earl�察�by name Hrane Gauzke�察�who had the earldom between Svinasund and the Gaut river�察�and was a migh

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