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 oath of fidelity。  King Canute then returned south to Denmark�察�after having conquered Norway without stroke of sword�察�and he ruled now over three kingdoms。  So says Halvard Hareksblese when he sang of King Canute�此�

     ;The warrior´king�察�whose blood´stain'd shield      Has shone on many a hard´fought field�察     �England and Denmark now has won�察     �And o'er three kingdoms rules alone。      Peace now he gives us fast and sure�察     �Since Norway too is made secure      By him who oft�察�in days of yore�察     �Glutted the hawk and wolf with gore。;



154。 OF KING OLAF IN HIS PROCEEDINGS。

King Olaf sailed with his ships out to Tunsberg�察�as soon as he heard that King Canute had turned back�察�and was gone south to Denmark。  He then made himself ready with the men who liked to follow him�察�and had then thirteen ships。  Afterwards he sailed out along Viken�察�but got little money�察�and few men�察�as those only followed him who dwelt in islands�察�or on outlying points of land。 The king landed in such places�察�but got only the money and men that fell in his way�察�and he soon perceived that the country had abandoned him。  He proceeded on according to the winds。  This was in the beginning of winter ��A。D。 1029��。  The wind turned very late in the season in their favour�察�so that they lay long in the Seley islands�察�where they heard the news from the North�察�through merchants�察�who told the king that Erling Skjalgson had collected a great force in Jadar�察�and that his ship lay fully rigged outside of the land�察�together with many other vessels belonging to the bondes�察�namely�察�skiffs�察�fisher´yachts�察�and great row´boats。 Then the king sailed with his fleet from the East�察�and lay a while in Egersund。  Both parties heard of each other now�察�and Erling assembled all the men he could。



155。 OF KING OLAF'S VOYAGE。

On Thomasmas�察�before Yule ��Dec。 21���察�the king left the harbour as soon as day appeared。  With a good but rather strong gale he sailed northwards past Jadar。  The weather was rainy�察�with dark flying clouds in the sky。  The spies went immediately in through the Jadar country when the king sailed past it�察�and as soon as Erling heard that the king was sailing past from the East�察�he let the war´horn call all the people on board�察�and the whole force hastened to the ships�察�and prepared for battle。  The king's ship passed by Jadar at a great rate�察�but thereafter turned in towards the land�察�intending to run up the fjords to gather men and money。 Erling Skjalgson perceived this�察�and sailed after him with a great force and many ships。  Swiftly their vessels flew�察�for they had nothing on board but men and arms�此�but Erling's ship went much faster than the others�察�therefore he took in a reef in the sails�察�and waited for the other vessels。  Then the king saw that Erling with his fleet gained upon him fast�察�for the king's ships were heavily laden�察�and were besides water´soaked�察�having been in the sea the whole summer�察�autumn�察�and winter�察�up to this time。  He saw also that there would be a great want of men�察�if he should go against the whole of Erling's fleet when it was assembled。  He hailed from ship to ship the orders to let the sails gently sink�察�and to unship the booms and outriggers�察�which was done。  When Erling saw this he calls out to his people�察�and orders them to get on more sail。  ;Ye see�察─�says he�察 �that their sails are diminishing�察�and they are getting fast away from our sight。;  He took the reef out of the sails of his ship�察�and outsailed all the others immediately�察�for Erling was very eager in his pursuit of King Olaf。



186。 OF ERLING SKJALGSON'S FALL。

King Olaf then steered in towards the Bokn fjord�察�by which the ships came out of sight of each other。  Thereafter the king ordered his men to strike the sails�察�and row forwards through a narrow sound that was there�察�and all the ships lay collected within a rocky point。  Then all the king's men put on their weapons。  Erling sailed in through the sound�察�and observed nothing until the whole fleet was before him�察�and he saw the king's men rowing towards him with all their ships at once。 Erling and his crew let fall the sails�察�and seized their weapons�察�but the king's fleet surrounded his ship on all sides。  Then the fight began�察�and it was of the sharpest�察�but soon the greatest loss was among Erling's men。  Erling stood on the quarter´deck of his ship。  He had a helmet on his head�察�a shield before him�察�and a sword in his hand。  Sigvat the skald had remained behind in Viken�察�and heard the tidings。  He was a great friend of Erling�察�had received presents from him�察�and had been at his house。  Sigvat composed a poem upon Erling's fall�察�in which there is the following verse�此�

     ;Erling has set his ship on sea       Against the king away is he�此     �He who oft lets the eagle stain      Her yellow feet in blood of slain。      His little war´ship side by side      With the king's fleet�察�the fray will bide。      Now sword to sword the fight is raging��

     Which Erling with the king is waging。;

Then Erling's men began to fall�察�and at the same moment his ship was carried by boarding�察�and every man of his died in his place。 The king himself was amongst the foremost in the fray。  So says Sigvat�此�

     ;The king's men hewed with hasty sword�察      �The king urged on the ship to board�察      �All o'er the decks the wounded lay�此     �Right fierce and bloody was that fray。      In Tungur sound�察�on Jadar shore�察     �The decks were slippery with red gore�察     �Warm blood was dropping in the sound�察     �Where the king's sword was gleaming round。;

So entirely had Erling's men fallen�察�that not a man remained standing in his ship but himself alone�察�for there was none who asked for quarter�察�or none who got it if he did ask。  There was no opening for flight�察�for there lay ships all around Erling's ship on every side�察�and it is told for certain that no man attempted to fly�察�and Sigvat says�此�

     ;All Erling's men fell in the fray�察     �Off Bokn fjord�察�this hard´fought day。      The brave king boarded�察�onward cheered�察     �And north of Tungur the deck was cleared。      Erling alone�察�the brave�察�the stout�察     �Cut off from all�察�yet still held out�察     �High on the stern  a sight to see       In his lone ship alone stood he。;

Then Erling was attacked both from the forecastle and from the other ships。  There was a large space upon the poop which stood high above the other ships�察�and which nobody could reach but by arrow´shot�察�or partly with the thrust of spear�察�but which he always struck from him by parrying。  Erling defended himself so manfully�察�that no example is known of one man having sustained the attack of so many men so long。  Yet he never tried to get away�察�nor asked for quarter。  So says Sigvat�此�

     ;Skjalg's brave son no mercy craves�察      �The battle's fury still he braves�察     �The spear´storm�察�through the air sharp singing�察     �Against his shield was ever ringing。      So Erling stood�察�but fate had willed      His life off Bokn should be spilled。      No braver man has�察�since his day�察     �Past Bokn fjord ta'en his way。;

When Olaf went back a little upon the fore´deck he saw Erling's behaviour�察�and the king accosted him thus�此  �Thou hast turned against me to´day�察�Erling。; 

He replies�察 �The eagle turns his claws in defence when torn asunder。;  Sigvat the skald tells thus of these words of Erling�此�

     ;Erling。 our best defence of old�察      �Erling the brave�察�the brisk�察�the bold�察      �Stood to his arms�察�gaily crying�察      �Eagles should show their claws�察�though dying��'      The very words which once before      To Olaf he had said on shore�察     �At Utstein when they both prepared      To meet the foe�察�and danger shared。;

Then said the king�察 �Wilt thou enter into my service�察�Erling�拭�

;That I will�察─�said he�察�took the helmet off his head�察�laid down his sword and shield�察�and went forward to the forecastle deck。

The king struck him in the chin with the sharp point of his battle´axe�察�and said�察 �I shall mark thee as a traitor to thy sovereign。;

Then Aslak Fitiaskalle rose up�察�and struck Erling in the head with an axe�察�so that it stood fast in his brain�察�and was instantly his death´wound。  Thus Erling lost his life。

The king said to Aslak�察 �May all ill luck attend thee for that stroke�察�for thou hast struck Norway out of my hands。;

Aslak replied�察 �It is bad enough if that stroke displease thee�察�for I thought it was striking Norway into thy hands�察�and if I have given thee offence�察�sire�察�by this stroke�察�and have thy ill´ will for it�察�it will go badly with me�察�for I will get so many men's ill´will and enmity for this deed that I would need all your protection and favour。;

The king replied that he should have it。

Thereafter the king ordered every man to return to his ship�察�and to get ready to depart as fast as he could。  ;We will not plunder the slain�察─�says he�察 �and each man may keep what he has taken。; The men returned to the ships and prepared themselves for the departure as quickly as possible�察�and scarcely was this done before the vessels of the bondes ran in from the south into the sound。  It went with the bonde´army as is often seen�察�that the men�察�although many in numbers�察�know not what to do when they have experienced a check�察�have lost their chief�察�and are without leaders。  None of Erling's sons were there�察�and the bondes therefore made no attack�察�and the king sailed on his way northwards。  But the bondes took Erling's corpse�察�adorned it�察�and carried it with them home to Sole�察�and also the bodies of all who had fallen。  There was great lamentation over Erling�察�and it has been a common observation among people�察�that Erling Skjalgson was the greatest and worthiest man in Norway of those who had no high title。  Sigvat made these verses upon the occasion�此�

     ;Thus Erling fell  and such a gain      To buy with such a loss was vain�察     �For better man than he ne'er died�察     �And the king's gain was small beside。      In truth no man I ever knew      Was�察�in all ways�察�so firm and true�察     �Free from servility and pride�察     �Honoured by all�察�yet thus he died。;

Sigvat also says that Aslak had very unthinkingly committed this murder of his own kinsman�此�

     ;Norway's brave defender's dead�      �Aslak has heaped on his own head      The guilt of murdering 

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