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the history of the common law of england-及3何蛍

弌傍�� the history of the common law of england 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��



all be shewn hereafter�察�there are very many old  Statutes which are admitted and obtain as such�察�tho' there be no  Record at this Day extant thereof�察�nor yet any other written  Evidence of the same�察�but what is in a manner only Traditional�察 �as namely�察�Ancient and Modern Books of Pleadings�察�and the common  receiv'd Opinion and Reputation�察�and the Approbation of the  Judges Learned in the Laws�此�For the Judges and Courts of Justice  are�察�ex Officio�察。�bound�� to take Notice of publick Acts of  Parliament�察�and whether they are truly pleaded or not�察�and  therefore they are the Triers of them。 But it is otherwise of  private Acts of Parliament�察�for they may be put in Issue�察�and  tried by the Record upon Nul tiel Record pleaded�察�unless they are  produced exemplified�察�as was done in the Prince's Cafe in my Lord  Coke's 8th Rep。 and therefore the Averment of Nul tiel Record was  refused in that Case。      The old Statutes or Acts of Parliament that are of Record�察�as  is before said�察�are entred either upon the proper Statute Roll�察 �or some other Roll in Chancery。      The first Statute Roll which we have�察�is in the Tower�察�and  begins with Magna Charta�察�and ends with Edw。 3。 and is called  Magnus Rotulus Statutor'。 There are five other Statute Rolls in  that Office�察�of the Times of Richard 2。 Henry 4。 Hen。 5。 Hen。 6。  and Edw。 4。      I shall now give a Scheme of those ancient Statutes of the  Times of Henry 3。 Edw。 I。 and Edw。 2。 that are recorded in the  first of those Rolls or elsewhere�察�to the best of my Remembrance�察 �and according to those Memorials I have long had by me�察�viz。        Magna Charta。 Magno Rot。 Stat。 membr。 40。 & Rot。 Cartar。 28  E。 I and membr。 16。      Charta de Foresta。 Mag。 Rot。 Stat。 membr。 19 & Rot。 Cartar。  28 E。 I membr。 26。      Stat。 de Gloucestre。 Mag。 Rot。 Stat。 memb。 47。      Westm。 2。 Rot。 Mag。 Stat。 membr。 47。      Westm。 3。 Rot。 Clauso�察�18 E。 I。 membr。 6。 Dorso。      Winton。 Rot。 Mag。 Stat。 memb。 41。 Rot。 Clauso�察�8 E。 3。 memb。  6。 Dorso。 Pars。 2。 Rot。 Clauso�察�5 R。 2。 membr。 13。 Rot。 Paten。 25  E。 I。 membr。 13。      De Mercatoribus。 Mag。 Rot。 Stat。 Membr。 47。 In Dorso。      De Religiosis。 Mag。 Rot。 Stat。 membr。 47。      Articuli Cleri。 Mag。 Rot。 Stat。 membr。 34。 Dorso 2 Pars。 Pat。  E。 I。 2。 membr。 34。 2 Pars。 Pat。 2 E。 3。 membr。 15。      De hiis qui ponendi sunt in Assisis。 Mag。 Rot。 Stat。 membr。  41。      De Finibus levatis。 Mag。 Rot。 Stat。 membr。 37。      De defensione Juris liberi Parliam。 Lib。 Parl。 E。 I。 fo。 32。      Stat。 Eborum。 Mag。 Rot。 Stat。 membr。 32。      De conjunctis infeofatis。 Mag。 Rot。 Stat。 membr。 34。      De Escaetoribus。 Mag。 Rot。 Stat。 membr。 35。 Dorso�察�& Rot。  Claus。 29 E。 I。 membr。 14。 Dorso。      Stat。 de Lincolne。 Mag。 Rot。 Stat。 membr。 32。      Stat。 de Priscis。 Rot。 Mag。 Stat。 membr。 33。 In Schedula de  libertatibus perquirendis�察�vel Rot。 Claus。 27 E。 I。 membr。 24。      Stat。 de Acton Burnel。 Rot。 Mag。 Stat。 membr。 46。 Dorso�察�&  Rot。 Claus。 II。 E。 I。 membr。 2。      Juramentum Vicecomit。 Rot。 Mag。 Stat。 membr。 34。 Dorso�察�&  Rot。 Claus。 5 E。 2。 membr。 23。      Articuli Stat。 Gloucestriae。 Rot。 Claus。 2 E。 2。 Pars。 2。  membr。 8。      De Pistoribus & Braciatoribus。 2 Pars�察�Claus。 vel Pat。 2 R 2。  membr。 29。      De asportatis Religiosor。 Mag。 Rot。 Stat。 membr。 33。      Westm。 4。 De Vicecomitibus & Viridi caera。 Rot。 Mag。 Stat。  membr。 33。 In Dorso。      Confirmationes Chartarum。 Mag。 Rot。 Stat。 membr。 28。      De Terris Templariorum。 Mag。 Rot。 Stat。 membr。 31。 in Dorso�察 �& Claus。 17 E。 2。 membr。 4。      Litera patens super prisis bonorum Cleri。 Rot。 Mag。 Stat。  membr。 33。 In Dorso。      De Forma mittendi extractas ad Scaccar。 Rot。 Mag。 Stat。  membr。 36。 & membr。 30。 In Dorso。      Statutum de Scaccar。 Mag。 Rot。 Stat。      Statutum de Rutland。 Rot Claus。 12 E。 1。      Ordinatio Forestae。 Mag。 Rot。 Stat。 membr。 30。 & Rot。 Claus。  17 E。 2。 Pars 2。 membr。 3。        According to a strict Inquiry made about 30 years since�察 �these were all the old Statutes of the Times of Hen。 3。 Edw。 I。  and Edw。 2。 that were then to be found of Record�察�what other  Statutes have been found since�察�I know not。      The Ordinance called Butler's�察�for the Heir to punish Waste  in the Life of the Ancestor�察�tho' it be of Record in the  Parliament Book of Edw。 I yet it never was a Statute�察�nor never  so received�察�but only some Constitution of the King's Council or  Lords in Parliament�察�and which never obtain'd the Strength or  Force of an Act of Parliament。      Now those Statutes that ensue�察�tho' most of 'em are  unquestionable Acts of Parliament�察�yet are not of Record that I  know of�察�but only their Memorials preserved in ancient Printed  and Manuscript Books of Statutes�察�yet they are at this Day for  the most part generally accepted and taken as Acts of Parliament�察 �tho' some of 'em are now antiquated and of little Use�察�viz。        The Statutes of Merton�察�Marlbridge�察�Westm。 I。 Explanatio  Statuti Gloucestriae�察�De Champertio�察�De visu Frankplegii�察�De pane  & Cervisia�察�Articuli Inquisitionis super Stat。 de Winton�察 �Circumspecte agatis�察�De districtione Scaccarii�察�De  Conspirationibus�察�De vocatis ad Warrant。 Statut。 de Carliol�察�De  Prerogativa Regis�察�De modo faciendi Homag。 De Wardis & Releivis  Dies Communes in Banco。 Stat。 de Bigamis�察�Dies Communes in Banco  in casu consimili。 Stat。 Hiberniae�察�De quo Warranto�察�De Essoin  calumpniand。 Judicium collistrigii�察�De Frangentibus Prisonar'。 De  malefactoribus in Parcis�察�De Consultationibus�察�De Officio  Coronatoris�察�De Protectionibus�察�Sententia lata super Chartas�察 �Modus levandi Fines。 Statut。 de Gavelet�察�De Militibus�察�De Vasto�察 �De anno Bissextili�察�De appellatis�察�De Extenta Manerii�察�Compositio  Mensearum vel Computatio Mensarum。 Stat。 de Quo Warranto�察 �Ordinatio de Inquisitionibus�察�Ordinatio de Foresta�察�De admensura  Terre�察�De dimissione Denarior。 Statut。 de Quo Warranto novum�察�Ne  Rector prosternat arbores in Caemeterio�察�Consuetudines & Assisa  de Foresta�察�Compositio de Ponderibus�察�De Tallagio�察�De visu Terrae  & servitio Regis�察�Compositio ulnarum & particarum�察�De Terris  amortizandis�察�Dictum de Kenelworth�察�&c。        From whence we may collect these Two observations�察�viz。        First�察�That altho' the Record itself be not extant�察�yet  general Statutes made within Time of Memory�察�namely�察�since I  Richardi Primi�察�do not lose their Strength�察�if any authentical  Memorials thereof are in Books�察�and seconded with a general  receiv'd Tradition attesting and approving the same。        Secondly�察�That many Records�察�even of Acts of Parliament�察�have  in long Process of Time been lost�察�and possibly the Things  themselves forgotten at this Day�察�which yet in or near the Times  wherein they were made�察�might cause many of those authoritative  Alterations in some Things touching the Proceedings and Decisions  in Law�此�The Original Cause of which Change being otherwise at  this Day hid and unknown to us�察�and indeed�察�Histories ��and  Annals�� give us an Account of the Suffrages of many Parliaments�察 �whereof we at this Time have none�察�or few Footsteps extant in  Records or Acts of Parliament。 The Instance of the great  Parliament at Oxford�察�about 40th of Henry 3。 may�察�among many  others of like Nature�察�be a concurrent Evidence of this�此�For tho'  we have Mention made in our Histories of many Constitutions made  in the said Parliament at Oxford�察�and which occasioned much  Trouble in the Kingdom�察�yet we have no Monuments of Record  concerning that Parliament�察�or what those Constitutions were。        And thus much shall serve touching those Old Statutes or  Leges Scriptae�察�or Acts of Parliament made in the Times of those  three Kings�察�Henry 3。 Edw。 I。 and Edw。 2。 Those that follow in  the Times of Edw。 3。 and the succeeding Kings�察�are drawn down in  a continued Series of Time�察�and are extant of Record in the  Parliament Rolls�察�and in the Statute Rolls�察�without any  remarkable Omission�察�and therefore I shall say nothing of them。      II。 Concerning the Lex non Scripta�察�i。e。 The Common or Municipal  Laws of this Kingdom        In the former Chapter�察�I have given you a short Account of  that Part of the Laws of England which is called Lex Scripta�察 �namely�察�Statutes or Acts of Parliament�察�which in their original  Formation are reduced into Writing�察�and are so preserv'd in their  Original Form�察�and in the same Stile and Words wherein they were  first made�此�I now come to that Part of our Laws called�察�Lex non  Scripta�察�under which I include not only General Customs�察�or the  Common Law properly so called�察�but even those more particular  Laws and Customs applicable to certain Courts and Persons�察 �whereof more hereafter。      And when I call those Parts of our Laws Leges non Scriptae�察�I  do not mean as if all those Laws were only Oral�察�or communicated  from the former Ages to the later�察�merely by Word。 For all those  Laws have their several Monuments in Writing�察�whereby they are  transferr'd from one Age to another�察�and without which they would  soon lose all kind of Certainty�此�For as the Civil and Canon Laws  have their Responsa Prudentum Consilia & Decisions�察�i。e。 their  Canons�察�Decrees�察�and Decretal Determinations extant in Writing�察 �so those Laws of England which are not comprised under the Title  of Acts of Parliament�察�are for the most part extant in Records of  Pleas�察�Proceedings and Judgments�察�in Books of Reports�察�and  Judicial Decisions�察�in Tractates of Learned Men's Arguments and  Opinions�察�preserved from ancient Times�察�and still extant in  Writing。      But I therefore stile those Parts of the Law�察�Leges non  Scriptae�察�because their Authoritative and Original Institutions  are not set down in Writing in that Manner�察�or with that  Authority that Acts of Parliament are�察�but they are grown into  Use�察�and have acquired their binding Power and the Force of Laws  by a long and immemorial Usage�察�and by the Strength of Custom and  Reception in this Kingdom。 The Matters indeed�察�and the Substance  of those Laws�察�are in Writing�察�but the formal and obliging Force  and Power of them grows by long Custom and Use�察�as will fully  appear in the ensuing Discourse。      For the Municipal Laws of this Kingdom�察�which I thus call  Leges non Scriptae�察�are of a vast Extant�察�and indeed include in  their Generality all those several Laws which are allowed�察�as the  Rule and Direction of Justice and Judicial Proceedings�察�and which  are app

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