the history of the common law of england-第33部分

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any　Ancestor；　makes　him；　as　　it　were　the　Root　of　the　Descent　equally　to　many　Intents　as　if　he　　had　been　a　Purchaser；　and　therefore　he　that　cannot；　according　to　　the　Rules　of　Descents；　derive　his　Succession　from　him　that　was　　left　actually　seised；　tho'　he　might　have　derived　it　from　some　　precedent　Ancestor；　shall　not　inherit。　And　hence　it　is；　That　　where　Lands　descend　to　the　eldest　Son　from　the　Father；　and　the　　Son　enters　and　dies　without　Issue；　his　Sister　of　the　whole　Blood　　shall　inherit　as　Heir　to　the　Brother；　and　not　the　younger　Son　of　　the　half　Blood；　because　he　cannot　be　Heir　to　the　Brother　of　the　　half　Blood：　But　if　the　eldest　Son　had　survived　the　Father　and　　died　before　Entry；　the　youngest　Son　should　inherit　as　Heir　to　the　　Father；　and　not　the　Sister；　because　he　is　Heir　to　the　Father　that　　was　last　actually　seised。　And　hence　it　is；　That　tho'　the　Uncle　is　　preferred　before　the　Father　in　Descents　to　the　Son；　yet　if　the　　Uncle　enter　after　the　Death　of　the　Son；　and　die　without　Issue；　　the　Father　shall　inherit　to　the　Uncle；　quia　Seisina　facit　　Stipitem。　　　　　　　　Sixthly；　That　whosoever　derives　a　Title　to　any　Land；　must　be　　of　the　Blood　to　him　that　first　purchased　it：　And　this　is　the　　Reason　why；　if　the　Son　purchase　Lands　and　dies　without　Issue；　it　　shall　descend　to　the　Heirs　of　the　Part　of　the　Father；　and　if　he　　has　none；　then　to　the　Heirs　on　the　Part　of　the　Mother；　because；　　tho'　the　Son　has　both　the　Blood　of　the　Father　and　of　the　Mother　　in　him；　yet　he　is　of　the　whole　Blood　of　the　Mother；　and　the　　Consanguinity　of　the　Mother　are　Consanguinei　Cognati　of　the　Son。　　　　　　And　of　the　other　Side；　if　the　Father　had　purchased　Lands；　and　　it　had　descended　to　the　Son；　and　the　Son　had　died　without　Issue；　　and　without　any　Heir　of　the　Part　of　the　Father；　it　should　never　　have　descended　in　the　Line　of　the　Mother；　but　escheated：　For　tho'　　the　Consanguinei　of　the　Mother　were　the　Consanguinei　of　the　Son；　　yet　they　were　not　of　Consanguinity　to　the　Father；　who　was　the　　Purchaser；　but　if　there　had　been　none　of　the　Blood　of　the　　Grandfather；　yet　it　might　have　resorted　to　the　Line　of　the　　Grandmother；　because　her　Consanguinei　were　as　well　of　the　Blood　　of　the　Father；　as　the　Mother's　Consanguinity　is　of　the　Blood　of　　the　Son：　And　consequently　also；　if　the　Grandfather　had　purchased　　Lands；　and　they　had　descended　to　the　Father；　and　from　him　to　the　　Son；　if　the　Son　had　entred　and　died　without　Issue；　his　Father's　　Brothers　or　Sisters；　or　their　Descendants；　or；　for　want　of　them；　　his　Great…Grandfather's　Brothers　or　Sisters；　or　their　　Descendants；　or；　for　want　of　them；　any　of　the　Consanguinity　of　　the　Great…Grandfather；　or　Brothers　or　Sisters　of　the　　Great…Grandmother；　or　their　Descendants；　might　have　inherited；　　for　the　Consanguinity　of　the　Great…Grandmother　was　the　　Consanguinity　of　the　Grandfather；　but　none　of　the　Line　of　the　　Mother；　or　Grandmother；　viz。　the　Grandfather's　Wife；　should　have　　inherited；　for　that　they　were　not　of　the　Blood　of　the　first　　Purchaser。　And　the　same　Rule　e　converso　holds　in　Purchases　in　the　　Line　of　the　Mother　or　Grandmother；　they　shall　always　keep　in　the　　same　Line　that　the　first　Purchaser　settled　them　in。　　　　　　But　it　is　not　necessary；　That　he　that　inherits　be　always　Heir　　to　the　Purchaser；　it　is　sufficient　if　he　be　of　his　Blood；　and　　Heir　to　him　that　was　last　seised。　The　Father　purchases　Lands　　which　descended　to　the　Son；　who　dies　without　Issue；　they　shall　　never　descend　to　the　Heir　of　the　Part　of　the　Son's　Mother；　but　if　　the　Son's　Grandmother　has　a　Brother；　and　the　Son's　　Great…Grandmother　hath　a　Brother；　and　there　are　no　other　Kindred；　　they　shall　descend　to　the　Grandmother's　Brother；　and　yet　if　the　　Father　had　died　without　Issue；　his　Grandmother's　Brother　should　　have　been　preferred　before　his　Mother's　Brother；　because　the　　former　was　Heir　of　the　Part　of　his　Father　tho'　a　Female；　and　the　　latter　was　only　Heir　of　the　Part　of　his　Mother；　but　where　the　Son　　is　once　seized　and　dies　without　Issue；　his　Grandmother's　Brother　　is　to　him　Heir　of　the　Part　of　his　Father；　and　being　nearer　than　　his　Great　Grandmother's　Brother；　is　preferred　in　the　Descent。　　　　　　But　Note；　This　is　always　intended　so　long　as　the　Line　of　　Descent　is　not　broken；　for　if　the　Son　alien　those　Lands；　and　then　　repurchase　them　again　in　Fee；　now　the　Rules　of　Descents　are　to　be　　observ'd　as　if　he　were　the　original　Purchaser；　and　as　if　it　had　　been　in　the　Line　of　the　Father　or　Mother。　　　　　　　　Seventhly；　In　all　Successions；　as　well　in　the　Line　　Descending；　Transversal；　or　Ascending；　the　Line　that　is　first　　derived　from　a　Male　Root　has　always　the　Preference。　　　　　　　　Instances　whereof　in　the　Line　Descending；　&c。　viz。　　　　　　A。　has　Issue　two　Sons　B。　and　C。　B。　has　Issue　a　Son　and　a　　Daughter　D。　and　E。　D。　the　Son　has　Issue　a　Daughter　F。　and　E。　the　　Daughter　has　Issue　a　Son　G。　Neither　C。　nor　any　of　his　　Descendants；　shall　inherit　so　long　as　there　are　any　Descendants　　from　D。　and　E。　and　neither　E。　the　Daughter；　nor　any　of　her　　Descendants；　shall　inherit　so　long　as　there　are　any　Descendants　　from　D。　the　Son；　whether　they　be　Male　or　Female。　　　　　　So　in　Descents　Collateral；　as　Brothers　and　Sisters；　the　same　　Instances　apply'd　thereto；　evidence　the　same　Conclusions。　　　　　　But　in　Successions　in　the　Line　Ascending；　there　must　be　a　　fuller　Explication；　because　it　is　darker　and　more　obscure；　I　　shall　therefore　set　forth　the　whole　Method　of　Transversal　　Ascending　Descents　under　the　Eight　ensuing　Rules；　viz。　　　　　　　　First；　If　the　Son　purchases　Lands　in　Fee…Simple；　and　dies　　without　Issue；　those　of　the　Male　Line　ascending；　usque　infinitum　　shall　be　preferred　in　the　Descent；　according　to　their　Proximity　　of　Degree　to　the　Son；　and　therefore　the　Father's　Brothers　and　　Sisters　and　their　Descendants　shall　be　preferred　before　the　　Brothers；　of　the　Grandfather　and　their　Descendants；　and　if　the　　Father　had　no　Brothers　nor　Sisters；　the　Grandfather's　Brothers　　and　their　Descendants；　and　for　want　of　Brothers；　his　Sisters　and　　their　Descendants；　shall　be　preferr'd　before　the　Brothers　of　the　　Great　Grandfather：　For　altho'　by　the　Law　of　England　the　Father　or　　Grandfather　cannot　immediately　inherit　to　the　Son；　yet　the　　Direction　of　the　Descent　to　the　Collateral　Ascending　Line；　is　as　　much　as　if　the　Father　or　Grandfather　had　been　by　Law　inheritable；　　and　therefore　as　in　Case　the　Father　had　been　inheritable；　and　　should　have　inherited　to　the　Son　before　the　Grandfather；　and　the　　Grandfather；　before　the　Great…Grandfather；　and　consequently　if　　the　Father　had　inherited　and　died　without　Issue；　his　eldest　　Brother　and　his　Descendants　should　have　inherited　before　the　　younger　Brother　and　his　Descendants；　and　if　he　had　no　Brothers　　but　Sisters；　the　Sisters　and　their　Descendants　should　have　　inherited　before　his　Uncles　or　the　Grandfather's　Brothers　and　　their　Descendants。　So　though　the　Law　of　England　excludes　the　　Father　from　inheriting；　yet　it　substitutes　and　directs　the　　Descent　as　it　should　have　been；　had　the　Father　inherited；　viz。　It　　lets　in　those　first　that　are　in　the　next　Degree　to　him。　　　　　　　　Secondly；　The　second　Rule　is　this：　That　the　Line　of　the　Part　　of　the　Mother　shall　never　inherit　as　long　as　there　are　any；　tho'　　never　so　remote；　of　the　Line　of　the　Part　of　the　Father；　and　　therefore；　tho'　the　Mother　has　a　Brother；　yet　if　the　Atavus　or　　Atavia　Patris　（i。　e。　the　Great…Great…Great…Grandfather；　or　　Great…Great…Great…Grandmother　of　the　Father）　has　a　Brother　or　a　　Sister；　he　or　she　shall　be　preferred；　and　exclude　the　Mother's　　Bother；　though　he　is　much　nearer。　　　　　　　　Thirdly；　But　yet　further。　The　Male　Line　of　the　Part　of　the　　Father　ascending；　shall　in　AEternum　exclude　the　Female　Line　of　　the　Part　of　the　Father　ascending；　and　therefore　in　the　Case　　proposed　of　the　Son's　purchasing　Lands　and　dying　without　Issue；　　the　Sister　of　the　Father's　Grandfather；　or　of　his　　Great…Grandfather；　and　so　in　infinitum　shall　be　preferred　before　　the　Father's　Mother's　Brother；　tho'　the　Father's　Mother's　Brother　　be　a　Male；　and　the　Father's　Grandfather　or　Great…Grandfather's　　Sister　be　a　Female；　and　more　remote；　because　she　is　of　the　Male　　Line；　which　is　more　worthy　than　the　Female　Line；　though　the　　Female　Line；　be　also　of　the　Blood　of　the　Father。　　　　　　　　Fourthly；　But　as　in　the　Male　Line　ascending；　the　more　near　is　　preferred　before　the　more　remote；　so　in　the　Female　Line　　descending；　so　it　be　of　the　Blood　of　the　Father；　it　is　preferred　　before　the　more　remote。　The　Son；　therefore　purchasing　Lands；　and　　dying　without　Issue；　and　the　Father；　Grandfather；　and　　Great…Grandfather；　and　so　upward；　all　the　Male　Line　being　dead　　without　any　Brother　or　Sister；　or　any　descending　from　them；　but　　the　Father's　Mother　has　a　Sister　or　Brother；　and　also　the　　Father's　Grandmother　has　a　Brother；　and　likewise　the　Father's　　GreatGrandmother　has　a　Brother：　Tho'　it　is　true；　that　all　these　　are　of　the　Blood　of　the　Father；　and　tho'　the　very　remotest　of　　them；　shall　exclude　the　Son's　Mother's　Brother；　and　tho'　it　be　　also　true；　that　the　Great…Grandmother's　Blood　has　passed　through　　more　Males　of　the　Father's　Blood　than　the　Blood　of　the　　Grandmother　or　Mother　of　the　Father；　yet　in　this　Case；　the　　Father's　Mother's　Sister　shall　be　preferred　before　the　Father's　　Grandmother's　Brother；　or　the　Great　Grandmother's　Brother；　　because　they　are　all　in　the　Female　Line；　viz。　Cognati　（and　not　　Agnati）；　and　the　Father's　Mother's　Sister　is　the　nearest；　and　　therefore　shall　have　the　Preference　as　well　as　in　the　Male　Line　　ascending；　the　Father's　Brother　or　his　Sister　shall　he　preferred　　before　the　Grandfather's　Brother。　　　　　　　　Fifthly；　But　yet　in　the　last　Case；　where　the　Son　purchases　　Lands　and　dies　without　Issue；　and　without　any　Heir　on　the　Part　of　　the　Grandfather；　the　Lands　shall　descend　to　the　Grandmother's　　Brother　or　Sister；　as　Heir　on　the　Part　of　his　Father；　yet　if　the　　Father　had　purchased　this　Land　and　died；　and　it　descended　to　his　　Son　who　died　without　Issue；　the　Lands　should　not　have　descended　　to　the　Father's　Mother's　Brother　or　Sister；　for　the　Reasons　　before　given　in　the　Third　Rule：　But　for　want　of　Brothers　or　　Sisters　of　the　Grandfather；　Great…Grandfather；　and　so　upwards　in　　the　Male　ascending　Line；　it　should　descend　to　the　Father's　　Grandmother's　Brother　or　Sister　which　is　his　Heir　of　the　Part　of　　his　Father；　who　should　be　preferred　before　the　Father's　Mother's　　Brother；