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the american republic-及57何蛍

弌傍�� the american republic 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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gainst。  They  start from narrow�察�sectarian�察�or infidel premises�察�and seek not  freedom of worship�察�but freedom of denial。  They suppress the  freedom of religion as the means of securing what they call  religious libertyimagine that they secure freedom of thought by  extinguishing the light without which no thought is possible�察�and  advance civilization by undermining its foundation。  The  condemnation of their views and movements by the Holy Father in  the Encyclical�察�which has excited so much hostility�察�may seem to  superficial and unthinking Americans even�察�as a condemnation of  our American systemindeed�察�as the condemnation of modern  science�察�intelligence�察�and civilization itself�察�but whoever looks  below the surface�察�has some insight into the course of events�察 �understands the propositions and movements censured�察�and the  sense in which they are censured�察�is well assured that the Holy  Father has simply exercised his pastoral and teaching authority  to save religion�察�society�察�science�察�and civilization from utter  corruption or destruction。  The opinions�察�tendencies�察�and  movements�察�directly or by implication censured�察�are the effect of  narrow and superficial think´ 432                             ing�察�of partial and one´sided views�察 �and are sectarian�察�sophistical�察�and hostile to all real progress�察 �and tend�察�as far as they go�察�to throw society back into the  barbarism from which�察�after centuries of toil and struggle�察�it is  just beginning to emerge。  The Holy Father has condemned nothing  that real philosophy�察�real science does not also condemn�察 �nothing�察�in fact�察�that is not at war with the American system  itself。  For the mass of the people�察�it were desirable that  fuller explanations should be given of the sense in which the  various propositions censured are condemned�察�for some of them are  not�察�in every sense�察�false�察�but the explanations needed were  expected by the Holy Father to be given by the bishops and  prelates�察�to whom�察�not to the people�察�save through them�察�the  Encyclical was addressed。  Little is to be hoped�察�and much is to  be feared�察�for liberty�察�science�察�and civilization from European  Liberalism�察�which has no real affinity with American territorial  democracy and real civil and religious freedom。  But God and  reality are present in the Old World as�察�well as in the New�察�and  it will never do to restrict their power or freedom。

Whether the American people will prove faithful to their mission�察 �and realize their destiny�察�or not�察�is known only to Him from whom 433 nothing is hidden。  Providence is free�察�and leaves always a space  for human free´will。  The American people can fail�察�and will fail  if they neglect the appointed means and conditions of success�察 �but there is nothing in their present state or in their past  history to render their failure probable。  They have in their  internal constitution what Rome wanted�察�and they are in no danger  of being crushed by exterior barbarism。  Their success as feeble  colonies of Great Britain in achieving their national  independence�察�and especially in maintaining�察�unaided�察�and against  the real hostility of Great Britain and France�察�their national  unity and integrity against a rebellion which�察�probably�察�no other  people could have survived�察�gives reasonable assurance for their  future。  The leaders of the rebellion�察�than whom none better knew  or more nicely calculated the strength and resources of the  Union�察�counted with certainty on success�察�and the ablest�察�the  most experienced�察�and best informed statesmen of the Old World  felt sure that the Republic was gone�察�and spoke of it as the late  United States。  Not a few�察�even in the loyal States�察�who had no  sympathy with the rebellion�察�believed it idle to think of  suppressing it by force�察�and advised peace on the best terms that  could be obtained。  But Ilium fuit 434                                    was chanted too soon�察�the  American people were equal to the emergency�察�and falsified the  calculations and predictions of their enemies�察�and surpassed the  expectations of their friends。

The attitude of the real American people during the fearful  struggle affords additional confidence in their destiny。  With  larger armies on foot than Napoleon ever commanded�察�with their  line of battle stretching from ocean to ocean�察�across the whole  breadth of the continent�察�they never�察�during four long years of  alternate victories and defeatsand both unprecedentedly  bloodyfor a moment lost their equanimity�察�or appeared less  calm�察�collected�察�tranquil�察�than in the ordinary times of peace。   They not for a moment interrupted their ordinary routine of  business or pleasure�察�or seemed conscious of being engaged in any  serious struggle which required an effort。  There was no hurry�察 �no bustle�察�no excitement�察�no fear�察�no misgiving。  They seemed to  regard the war as a mere bagatelle�察�not worth being in earnest  about。  The on´looker was almost angry with their apparent  indifference�察�apparent insensibility�察�and doubted if they moved  at all�察�Yet move they did�此�guided by an unerring instinct�察�they  moved quietly on with an elemental force�察�in spite of a timid and  hesitating administration�察�in spite of inexpe´ 435                                              rienced�察 �over´cautious�察�incompetent�察�or blundering military commanders�察 �whom they gently brushed aside�察�and desisted not till their  object was gained�察�and they saw the flag of the Union floating  anew in the breeze from the capitol of every State that dared  secede。  No man could contemplate them without feeling that there  was in them a latent power vastly superior to any which they  judged it necessary to put forth。  Their success proves to all  that what�察�prior to the war�察�was treated as American arrogance or  self´conceit�察�was only the outspoken confidence in their destiny  as a Providential people�察�conscious that to them is reserved the  hegemony of the world。

Count de Maistre predicted early in the century the failure of  the United States�察�because they have no proper name�察�but his  prediction assumed what is not the fact。  The United States have  a proper name by which all the world knows and calls them。  The  proper name of the country is America�此�that of the people is  Americans。  Speak of Americans simply�察�and nobody understands you  to mean the people of Canada�察�Mexico�察�Brazil�察�Peru�察�Chile�察 �Paraguay�察�but everybody understands you to mean the people of the  United States。  The fact is significant�察�and foretells for the  people of the United States a 436                               continental destiny�察�as is also  foreshadowed in the so´called ;Monroe doctrine�察─�which France�察 �during our domestic troubles�察�was permitted�察�on condition of not  intervening in our civil war in favor of the rebellion�察�to  violate。

There was no statesmanship in proclaiming the ;Monroe doctrine�察─ �for the statesman keeps always�察�as far as possible�察�his  government free to act according to the exigencies of the case  when it comes up�察�unembarrassed by previous declarations of  principles。  Yet the doctrine only expresses the destiny of the  American people�察�and which nothing but their own fault can  prevent them from realizing in its own good time。  Napoleon will  not succeed in his Mexican policy�察�and Mexico will add some  fifteen or twenty new States to the American Union as soon as it  is clearly for the interests of all parties that it should be  done�察�and it can be done by mutual consent�察�without war or  violence。  The Union will fight to maintain the integrity of her  domain and the supremacy of her laws within it�察�but she can  never�察�consistently with her principles or her interests�察�enter  upon a career of war and conquest。  Her system is violated�察 �endangered�察�not extended�察�by subjugating her neighbors�察�for  subjugation and liberty go not together。  Annexation�察�when it 437 takes place�察�must be on terms of perfect equality and by the free  act of the state annexed。  The Union can admit of no inequality  of rights and franchises between the States of which it is  composed。  The Canadian Provinces and the Mexican and Central  American States�察�when annexed�察�must be as free as the original  States of the Union�察�sharing alike in the power and the  protection of the Republicalike in its authority�察�its freedom�察 �its grandeur�察�and its glory�察�as one free�察�independent�察 �self´governing people。  They may gain much�察�but must lose nothing  by annexation。

The Emperor Napoleon and his very respectable protege�察 �Maximilian�察�an able man and a liberal´minded prince�察�can change  nothing in the destiny of the United States�察�or of Mexico  herself�察�no imperial government can be permanent beside the  American Republic�察�no longer liable�察�since the abolition of  slavery�察�to be distracted by sectional dissensions。  The States  that seceded will soon�察�in some way�察�be restored to their rights  and franchises in the Union�察�forming not the least patriotic  portion of the American people�察�the negro question will be  settled�察�or settle itself�察�as is most likely�察�by the melting away  of the negro population before the influx of white laborers�察�all  traces of the 438               late contest in a very few years will be wiped out�察 �the national debt paid�察�or greatly reduced�察�and the prosperity  and strength of the Republic be greater than ever。  Its moral  force will sweep away every imperial throne on the continent�察 �without any effort or action on the part of the government。   There can be no stable government in Mexico till every trace of  the ecclesiastical policy established by the Council of the  Indies is obliterated�察�and the church placed there on the same  footing as in the United States�察�and that can hardly be done  without annexation。  Maximilian cannot divest the church of her  temporal possessions and place Protestants and Catholics on the  same footing�察�without offending the present church party and  deeply injuring religion�察�and that too without winning the  confidence of the republican party。  In all Spanish and  Portuguese America the relations between the church and state are  abnormal�察�and exceedingly hurtful to both。  Religion is in a  wretched condition�察�and politics in a worse condition still。   There is no effectual remedy for either but in religious freedom�察 �now impracticable�察�a

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