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及128何蛍

wild wales-及128何蛍

弌傍�� wild wales 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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various languages�察�up to the grand speech of India�此 �Irish�察�
ceathair�察�Latin�察�quatuor�察�Greek�察�tessares�察�Russian�察�cheturi�察�
Persian�察�chahar�察�Sanscrit�察�chatur。  As to pedwar�察�it bears some 
resemblance to the English four�察�the German vier�察�is almost 
identical with the Wallachian patrou�察�and is very much like the 
Homeric word ��Greek text which cannot be reproduced�В察�but beyond 
Wallachia and Greece we find nothing like it�察�bearing the same 
meaning�察�though it is right to mention that the Sanscrit word pada 
signifies a QUARTER�察�as well as a foot。  It is curious that the 
Irish word for five�察�cuig�察�is in like manner quite as perplexing as 
the Welsh word for four。  The Irish word for five is not a 
Sanscritic word�察�pump�察�the Welsh word for five�察�is。  Pantschan is 
the Sanscrit word for five�察�and pump is linked to pantschan by the 
AEolick pempe�察�the Greek pente and pemptos�察�the Russian piat and 
the Persian Pantsch�察�but what is cuig connected with�拭 �Why it is 
connected with the Latin quinque�察�and perhaps with the Arabic 
khamsa�察�but higher up than Arabia we find nothing like it�察�or if 
one thinks one recognises it�察�it is under such a disguise that one 
is rather timorous about swearing to it ´ and now nothing more on 
the subject of numerals。

I have said that the Welsh is exceedingly copious。  Its 
copiousness�察�however�察�does not proceed�察�like that of the English�察�
from borrowing from other languages。  It has certainly words in 
common with other tongues�察�but no tongue�察�at any rate in Europe�察�
can prove that it has a better claim than the Welsh to any word 
which it has in common with that language。  No language has a 
better supply of simple words for the narration of events than the 
Welsh�察�and simple words are the proper garb of narration�察�and no 
language abounds more with terms calculated to express the 
abstrusest ideas of the meta´physician。  Whoever doubts its 
capability for the purpose of narration�察�let him peruse the Welsh 
Historical Triads�察�in which are told the most remarkable events 
which befell the early Cumry�察�and whosoever doubts its power for 
the purpose of abstruse reasoning�察�let him study a work called 
Rhetorick�察�by Master William Salisbury�察�written about the year 
1570�察�and I think he will admit that there is no hyperbole�察�or�察�as 
a Welshman would call it�察�GORWIREB�察�in what I have said with 
respect to the capabilities of the Welsh language。

As to its sounds ´ I have to observe that at the will of a master 
it can be sublimely sonorous�察�terribly sharp�察�diabolically guttural 
and sibilant�察�and sweet and harmonious to a remarkable degree。  
What more sublimely sonorous than certain hymns of Taliesin�察�more 
sharp and clashing than certain lines of Gwalchmai and Dafydd 
Benfras�察�describing battles�察�more diabolically grating than the 
Drunkard's Choke´pear by Rhys Goch�察�and more sweet than the lines 
of poor Gronwy Owen to the Muse�拭 �Ah�察�those lines of his to the 
Muse are sweeter even than the verses of Horace�察�of which they 
profess to be an imitation。  What lines in Horace's ode can vie in 
sweetness with


;Tydi roit a diwair wen
Lais eos i lysowen� �

;Thou couldst endow�察�with thy dear smile��
With voice of lark the lizard vile� �


Eos signifies a nightingale�察�and Lysowen an eel。  Perhaps in no 
language but the Welsh�察�could an eel be mentioned in lofty poetry�此 �
Lysowen is perfect music。

Having stated that there are Welsh and Sanscrit words which 
correspond�察�more or less�察�in sound and meaning�察�I here place side 
by side a small number of such words�察�in order that the reader may 
compare them。

WELSH                           SANSCRIT


Aber�察�a meeting of waters�察�an   Ap�察�apah�察�water�察�apaga��
outflowing�察�Avon�察�a river�察     �a river�察�Persian�察�ab��
Aw�察�a flowing                   water�察�Wallachian�察�apa

Anal�察�breath                    Anila�察�air

Arian�察�silver                   Ara�察�brass�察�Gypsy�察�harko��
Aur�察�gold                       copper ��30��

Athu�察�to go                     At'ha�察�Russian�察�iti

Bod�察�being�察�existence           Bhavat�察�bhuta

Brenin�察�a king                  Bharanda�察�a lord�察�Russian
                                barin

Caer�察�a wall�察�a city            Griha�察�geha�察�a house�察�Hindu´
                                stani�察�ghar�察�Gypsy�察�kair��
                                kaer

Cain�察�fine�察�bright              Kanta�察�pleasing�察�beautiful��
                                Kana�察�to shine

Canu�察�to sing                   Gana�察�singing

Cathyl�察�a hymn                  Kheli a song�察�Gypsy�察�gillie

Coed�察�a wood�察�trees             Kut'ha�察�kuti�察�a tree

Cumro�察�a Welshman               Kumara�察�a youth�察�a prince

Daear�察�daeren�察�the earth        Dhara�察�fem。 dharani

Dant�察�a tooth                   Danta

Dawn�察�a gift                    Dana

Derw�察�an oak                    Daru�察�timber

Dewr�察�bold�察�brave               Dhira

Drwg�察�bad                       Durgati�察�hell�察�Durga��
                                the goddess of destruction

Duw�察�God                        Deva�察�a god

Dwfr�察�dwfyr�察�water              Tivara�察�the ocean
                                ��Tiber�察�Tevere��

Dwr�察�water                      Uda�察�Greek�察。�Text which
                                cannot be reproduced��
                                Sanscrit�察�dhlira�察�the
                                ocean�察�Persian�察�deria��
                                dooria�察�the sea�察�Gypsy��
                                dooria

En�察�a being�察�a soul�察�that       An�察�to breathe�察�to live��
which lives                     ana�察�breath�察�Irish�察�an��
                                a man�察�fire

Gair�察�a word                    Gir�察�gira�察�speech

Gwr�察�a man                      Vira�察�a hero�察�strong�察�fire��
Gwres�察�heat                     Lat。 vir�察�a man�察�Dutch�察�vuur��
                                fire�察�Turkish�察�er�察�a man��
                                Heb。�察�ur�察�fire

Geneth�察�girl                    Kani

Geni�察�to be born                Jana

Gwybod�察�to know                 Vid

Hocedu�察�to cheat                Kuhaka�察�deceit

Huan�察�the sun                   Ina

Ieuanc��young                    Youvan

Ir�察�fresh�察�juicy                Ira�察�water
Irdra�察�juiciness

Llances�察�a girl                 Lagnika

Lleidyr�察�a thief                Lata

Maen�察�a stone                   Mani�察�a gem

Mam�察�mother                     Ma

Marw�察�to die                    Mara�察�death

Mawr�察�great                     Maha

Medd�察�mead                      Mad'hu�察�honey

Meddwi�察�to intoxicate           Mad�察�to intoxicate�察�Mada��
                                intoxication�察�Mada�察�pleasure��
                                Madya�察�wine�察�Matta��
                                intoxicated�察�Gypsy�察�matto��
                                drunk�察�Gr。 ��Text which cannot
                                be reproduced�В察�wine�察。�Text
                                which cannot be reproduced�В�
                                to be drunk

Medr�察�a measure                 Matra

Nad�察�a cry                      Nad�察�to speak�察�Nada�察�sound

Nant�察�ravine�察�rivulet           Nadi�察�a river

Neath�察�Nedd�察�name of a river�察  �Nicha�察�low�察�deep�察�nichaga��
nedd�察�a dingle�察�what is low�察   �a river�察�that which descends��
deep ��Nith�察�Nithsdale��          nitha�察�water

Nef�察�heaven                     Nabhas�察�Russian�察�nabeca�察�the
                                heavens�察�Lat。�察�nubes�察�a cloud

Neidiaw�察�to leap�察              �Nata�察�to dance�察�Nata�察�dancing

Ner�察�the Almighty�察�the Lord�察   �Nara�察�that which animates
the Creator                     every thing�察�the spirit of
                                God ��31��

Nerth�察�strength�察�power          Nara�察�man�察�the spirit of God��
                                Gr。 ��text which cannot be
                                reproduced�В察�a man�察。�text
                                which cannot be reproduced��
                                strength�察�Persian�察�nar�察�a
                                male�察�Arabic�察�nar�察�fire

Noddwr�察�a protector             Natha

Nos�察�night                      Nisa

Pair�察�a cauldron                Pit'hara

Ped�察�a foot�察�pedair�察�four       Pad�察�a foot�察�pada�察�a quarter

Pridd�察�earth                    Prithivi�察�the earth

Prif�察�principal�察�prime          Prabhu�察�a lord�察�a ruler

Rhen�察�the Lord                  Rajan�察�a king

Rhian�察�a lady                   Hindustani�察�rani

Rhod�察�a wheel                   Ratha�察�a car

Swm�察�being together             Sam

Swynwr�察�a wizard�察�sorcerer      Sanvanana�察�a witch��
                                Hindustani�察�syani

Tad�察�father                     Tata

Tan�察�fire                       Dahana

Tant�察�a string                  Tantu

Tanu�察�to expand                 Tana

Toriad�察�a breaking�察�cutting     Dari�察�cutting

Uchafedd�察�height                Uchch'ya

Ych�察�ox                         Ukshan


The Nara is called by the Tartars soukdoun�察�and by the Chinese ki�此 �
;Principe qui est dans le ciel�察�sur la terre�察�dans l'homme�察�et dans 
toutes les choses materielles et immaterielles。; ´ DICTIOINNAIRE 
TARTARE MANTCHOU�察�par Amyot。  Tome second�察�p�察�124。

In the above list of Cumric and Sanscrit words there are certainly 
some remarkable instances of correspondence in sound and sense�察�the 
most interesting of which is that afforded by Ner�察�the Cumric word 
for the Lord�察�and Nara�察�the Sanscrit word for the Spirit of God。  
From comparing the words in that list one might feel disposed to 
rush to the conclusion that the Cumric sprang from the Sanscrit�察�
the sacred language of sunny Hindustan。  But to do so would be 
unwise�察�for deeper study would show that if the Welsh has some 
hundreds of words in common with the Sanscrit�察�it has thousands 
upon thousands which are not to be found in that tongue�察�after 
making all possible allowance for change and modification。  No 
subject connected with what is called philosophy is more mortifying 
to proud human reason than the investigation of languages�察�for in 
what do the researches of the most unwearied philologist terminate 
but a chaos of doubt and perplexity�察�else why such exclamations as 
these�拭 �Why is the Wallachian word for water Sanscrit�拭�for

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