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to try his fortune�察�and in such a case�察�that relief can Britain give��

Ere she could hear the news�察�the fatal business might be done��

and ourselves suffering like the wretched Britons under

the oppression of the Conqueror。  Ye that oppose independence now��

ye know not what ye do�察�ye are opening a door to eternal tyranny��

by keeping vacant the seat of government。  There are thousands��

and tens of thousands�察�who would think it glorious

to expel from the continent that barbarous and hellish power��

which hath stirred up the Indians and Negroes to destroy us��

the cruelty hath a double guilt�察�it is dealing brutally by us��

and treacherously by them。



To talk of friendship with those in whom our reason forbids us

to have faith�察�and our affections wounded through a thousand pores

instruct us to detest�察�is madness and folly。  Every day wears out

the little remains of kindred between us and them�察�and can there

be any reason to hope�察�that as the relationship expires��

the affection will increase�察�or that we shall agree better��

when we have ten times more and greater concerns to quarrel over than ever��



Ye that tell us of harmony and reconciliation�察�can ye restore to us the

time that is past�拭 �Can ye give to prostitution its former innocence��

Neither can ye reconcile Britain and America。  The last cord

now is broken�察�the people of England are presenting addresses against us。

There are injuries which nature cannot forgive�察�she would cease to be nature

if she did。  As well can the lover forgive the ravisher of his mistress��

as the continent forgive the murders of Britain。  The Almighty hath

implanted in us these unextinguishable feelings for good and wise purposes。

They are the guardians of his image in our hearts。  They distinguish us

from the herd of common animals。  The social compact would dissolve��

and justice be extirpated the earth�察�or have only a casual existence

were we callous to the touches of affection。  The robber�察�and the murderer��

would often escape unpunished�察�did not the injuries which our tempers sustain��

provoke us into justice。



O ye that love mankind�  �Ye that dare oppose�察�not only the tyranny��

but the tyrant�察�stand forth�  �Every spot of the old world is overrun with

oppression。  Freedom hath been hunted round the globe。  Asia�察�and Africa��

have long expelled herEurope regards her like a stranger�察�and England

hath given her warning to depart。  O� �receive the fugitive�察�and prepare

in time an asylum for mankind。









OF THE PRESENT _ABILITY_ OF _AMERICA_�察�WITH SOME MISCELLANEOUS _REFLECTIONS_







I have never met with a man�察�either in England or America�察�who hath not

confessed his opinion that a separation between the countries��

would take place one time or other�此 �And there is no instance�察�in which we

have shewn less judgement�察�than in endeavouring to describe�察�what we call

the ripeness or fitness of the Continent for independence。



As all men allow the measure�察�and vary only in their opinion of the time��

let us�察�in order to remove mistakes�察�take a general survey of things��

and endeavour�察�if possible�察�to find out the VERY time。  But we need not

go far�察�the inquiry ceases at once�察�for�察�the TIME HATH FOUND US。

The general concurrence�察�the glorious union of all things prove the fact。



It is not in numbers�察�but in unity�察�that our great strength lies��

yet our present numbers are sufficient to repel the force of all the world。

The Continent hath�察�at this time�察�the largest body of armed and

disciplined men of any power under Heaven�察�and is just arrived at that

pitch of strength�察�in which no single colony is able to support itself��

and the whole�察�when united�察�can accomplish the matter�察�and either more��

or�察�less than this�察�might be fatal in its effects。  Our land force is

already sufficient�察�and as to naval affairs�察�we cannot be insensible��

that Britain would never suffer an American man of war to be built��

while the continent remained in her hands。  Wherefore�察�we should be no

forwarder an hundred years hence in that branch�察�than we are now��

but the truth is�察�we should be less so�察�because the timber of the country

is every day diminishing�察�and that�察�which will remain at last��

will be far off and difficult to procure。



Were the continent crowded with inhabitants�察�her sufferings under

the present circumstances would be intolerable。  The more seaport towns

we had�察�the more should we have both to defend and to lose。  Our present

numbers are so happily proportioned to our wants�察�that no man need be idle。

The diminution of trade affords an army�察�and the necessities of an army

create a new trade。



Debts we have none�察�and whatever we may contract on this account will

serve as a glorious memento of our virtue。  Can we but leave posterity

with a settled form of government�察�an independent constitution of its own��

the purchase at any price will be cheap。  But to expend millions for the sake

of getting a few vile acts repealed�察�and routing the present ministry only��

is unworthy the charge�察�and is using posterity with the utmost cruelty��

because it is leaving them the great work to do�察�and a debt upon their backs��

from which they derive no advantage。  Such a thought is unworthy

of a man of honor�察�and is the true characteristic of a narrow heart

and a peddling politician。



The debt we may contract doth not deserve our regard�察�if the work

be but accomplished。  No nation ought to be without a debt。

A national debt is a national bond�察�and when it bears no interest��

is in no case a grievance。  Britain is oppressed with a debt of upwards

of one hundred and forty millions sterling�察�for which she pays upwards

of four millions interest。  And as a compensation for her debt��

she has a large navy�察�America is without a debt�察�and without a navy��

yet for the twentieth part of the English national debt��

could have a navy as large again。  The navy of England is not worth��

at this time�察�more than three millions and an half sterling。



The first and second editions of this pamphlet were published without

the following calculations�察�which are now given as a proof that the

above estimation of the navy is just。

��See Entic's naval history�察�intro。  page 56。��



The charge of building a ship of each rate�察�and furnishing her with masts��

yards�察�sails and rigging�察�together with a proportion of eight months

boatswain's and carpenter's seastores�察�as calculated by Mr。 Burchett��

Secretary to the navy。



                                ��pounds Sterling��

  For a ship of a 100 guns    ´   35��553

            90   ´            ´   29��886

            80   ´            ´   23��638

            70   ´            ´   17��795

            60   ´            ´   14��197

            50   ´            ´   10��606

            40   ´            ´    7��558

            30   ´            ´    5��846

            20   ´            ´    3��710





And from hence it is easy to sum up the value�察�or cost rather�察�of

the whole British navy�察�which in the year 1757�察�when it was

at its greatest glory consisted of the following ships and guns��





   Ships。      Guns。     Cost of one。        Cost of all

    6     ´   100   ´    35��553    ´         213��318

   12     ´    90   ´    29��886    ´         358��632

   12     ´    80   ´    23��638    ´         283��656

   43     ´    70   ´    17��785    ´         764��755

   35     ´    60   ´    14��197    ´         496��895

   40     ´    50   ´    10��606    ´         424��240

   45     ´    40   ´     7��558    ´         340��110

   58     ´    20   ´     3��710    ´         215��180



   85 Sloops�察�bombs��

     and fireships�察�one     2��000            170��000

     with another�察                        �_________

                                     Cost  3��266��786

     Remains for guns�察   �_________          233��214

                                           _________

                                           3��500��000





No country on the globe is so happily situated�察�or so internally capable

of raising a fleet as America。  Tar�察�timber�察�iron�察�and cordage are her

natural produce。  We need go abroad for nothing。  Whereas the Dutch��

who make large profits by hiring out their ships of war to the Spaniards

and Portuguese�察�are obliged to import most of their materials they use。

We ought to view the building a fleet as an article of commerce�察�it being

the natural manufactory of this country。  It is the best money we can lay out。

A navy when finished is worth more than it cost。  And is that nice point

in national policy�察�in which commerce and protection are united。  Let us build��

if we want them not�察�we can sell�察�and by that means replace our paper currency

with ready gold and silver。 



In point of manning a fleet�察�people in general run into great errors��

it is not necessary that one fourth part should he sailors。

The Terrible privateer�察�Captain Death�察�stood the hottest engagement

of any ship last war�察�yet had not twenty sailors on board��

though her complement of men was upwards of two hundred。

A few able and social sailors will soon instruct a sufficient number

of active landmen in the common work of a ship。  Wherefore�察�we never

can be more capable to begin on maritime matters than now��

while our timber is standing�察�our fisheries blocked up��

and our sailors and shipwrights out of employ。  Men of war of seventy

and eighty guns were built forty years ago in New´England��

and why not the same now�拭 �Ship´building is America's greatest pride��

and in which she will in time excel the whole world。

The great empires of the east are mostly inland��

and consequently excluded from the possibility of rivalling her。

Africa is in a state of barbarism�察�and no power in Europe hath either

such an extent of coast�察�or such an internal supply of materials。

Where nature hath given the one�察�she has withheld the other��

to America only hath she been liberal of both。  The vast empire of Russia

is almost sh

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