industrial biography-第15部分

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works；　and　the　concern　being　thrown　into　Chancery。　　Dudley　alleges

that　the　other　partners　〃cunningly　drew　him　into　a　bond；〃　and　〃did

unjustly　enter　staple　actions　in　Bristol　of　great　value　against　him；

because　he　was　of　the　king's　party；〃　but　it　would　appear　as　if　there

had　been　some　twist　or　infirmity　of　temper　in　Dudley　himself；　which

prevented　him　from　working　harmoniously　with　such　persons　as　he

became　associated　with　in　affairs　of　business。



In　the　mean　time　other　attempts　were　made　to　smelt　iron　with

pit…coal。　　Dudley　says　that　Cromwell　and　the　then　Parliament　granted　a

patent　to　Captain　Buck　for　the　purpose；　and　that　Cromwell　himself；

Major　Wildman；　and　various　others　were　partners　in　the　patent。　　They

erected　furnaces　and　works　in　the　Forest　of　Dean；*

　＇footnote。。。

Mr。　Mushet；　in　his　'Papers　on　Iron；'　says；　that　〃although　he　had

carefully　examined　every　spot　and　relic　in　Dean　Forest　likely　to

denote　the　site　of　Dud　Dudley's　enterprising　but　unfortunate

experiment　of　making　pig…iron　with　pit　coal；〃　it　had　been　without

success；　neither　could　he　find　any　traces　of　the　like　operations　of

Cromwell　and　his　partners。

　。。。＇

but；　though　Cromwell　and　his　officers　could　fight　and　win　battles；

they　could　not　smelt　and　forge　iron　with　pit…coal。　　They　brought　one

Dagney；　an　Italian　glass…maker；　from　Bristol；　to　erect　a　new　furnace

for　them；　provided　with　sundry　pots　of　glass…house　clay；　but　no

success　attended　their　efforts。　　The　partners　knowing　of　Dudley's

possession　of　the　grand　secret；　invited　him　to　visit　their　works；　but

all　they　could　draw　from　him　was　that　they　would　never　succeed　in

making　iron　to　profit　by　the　methods　they　were　pursuing。　　They　next

proceeded　to　erect　other　works　at　Bristol；　but　still　they　failed。

Major　Wildman*

　＇footnote。。。

Dudley　says；　〃Major　Wildman；　more　barbarous　to　me　than　a　wild　man；

although　a　minister；　bought　the　author's　estate；　near　200L。　per

annum；　intending　to　compell　from　the　author　his　inventions　of　making

iron　with　pitcole；　but　afterwards　passed　my　estate　unto　two　barbarous

brokers　of　London；　that　pulled　down　the　author's　two　mantion　houses；

sold　500　timber　trees　off　his　land；　and　to　this　day　are　his　houses

unrepaired。　　Wildman　himself　fell　under　the　grip　of　Cromwell。　　Being

one　of　the　chiefs　of　the　Republican　party；　he　was　seized　at　Exton；

near　Marlborough；　in　l654；　and　imprisoned　in　Chepstow　Castle。

　。。。＇

bought　Dudley's　sequestrated　estate；　in　the　hope　of　being　able　to

extort　his　secret　of　making　iron　with　pit…coal；　but　all　their

attempts　proving　abortive；　they　at　length　abandoned　the　enterprise　in

despair。　　In　1656；　one　Captain　Copley　obtained　from　Cromwell　a　further

patent　with　a　similar　object；　and　erected　works　near　Bristol；　and

also　in　the　Forest　of　Kingswood。　　The　mechanical　engineers　employed　by

Copley　failed　in　making　his　bellows　blow；　on　which　he　sent　for

Dudley；　who　forthwith　〃made　his　bellows　to　be　blown　feisibly；〃　but

Copley　failed；　like　his　predecessors；　in　making　iron；　and　at　length

he　too　desisted　from　further　experiments。



Such　continued　to　be　the　state　of　things　until　the　Restoration；　when

we　find　Dud　Dudley　a　petitioner　to　the　king　for　the　renewal　of　his

patent。　　He　was　also　a　petitioner　for　compensation　in　respect　of　the

heavy　losses　he　had　sustained　during　the　civil　wars。　　The　king　was

besieged　by　crowds　of　applicants　of　a　similar　sort；　but　Dudley　was　no

more　successful　than　the　others。　　He　failed　in　obtaining　the　renewal

of　his　patent。　　Another　applicant　for　the　like　privilege；　probably

having　greater　interest　at　court；　proved　more　successful。　　Colonel

Proger　and　three　others*

　＇footnote。。。

June　13；　1661。　　Petition　of　Col。　　Jas。　　Proger　and　three　others　to　the

king　for　a　patent　for　the　sole　exercise　of　their　invention　of　melting

down　iron　and　other　metals　with　coal　instead　of　wood；　as　the　great

consumption　of　coal　＇charcoal　？＇　therein　causes　detriment　to

shipping；　&c。　　With　reference　thereon　to　Attorney…General　Palmer；　and

his　report；　June　18；　in　favour　of　the　petition；State　Papers；

Charles　II。　　（Dom。　vol；　xxxvii；　49。

　。。。＇

were　granted　a　patent　to　make　iron　with　coal；　but　Dudley　knew　the

secret；　which　the　new　patentees　did　not；　and　their　patent　came　to

nothing。



Dudley　continued　to　address　the　king　in　importunate　petitions；　asking

to　be　restored　to　his　former　offices　of　Serjeant…at…arms；　Lieutenant

of　Ordnance；　and　Surveyor　of　the　Mews　or　Armoury。　　He　also　petitioned

to　be　appointed　Master　of　the　Charter　House　in　Smithfield；　professing

himself　willing　to　take　anything；　or　hold　any　living。*

　＇footnote。。。

In　his　second　petition　he　prays　that　a　dwelling…house　situated　in

Worcester；　and　belonging　to　one　Baldwin；　〃a　known　traitor；〃　may　be

assigned　to　him　in　lieu　of　Alderman　Nash's；　which　had　reverted　to

that　individual　since　his　return　to　loyalty；　Dudley　reminding　the

king　that　his　own　house　in　that　city　had　been　given　up　by　him　for　the

service　of　his　father　Charles　I。；　and　turned　into　a　factory　for　arms。

It　does　not　appear　that　this　part　of　his　petition　was　successful。

　。。。＇

We　find　him　sending　in　two　petitions　to　a　similar　effect　in　June；

1660；　and　a　third　shortly　after。　　The　result　was；　that　he　was

reappointed　to　the　office　of　Serjeant…at…Arms；　but　the　Mastership　of

the　Charter…House　was　not　disposed　of　until　1662；　when　it　fell　to　the

lot　of　one　Thomas　Watson。*

　＇footnote。。。

State　Papers；　vol。　xxxi。　Doquet　Book；　p。89。

　。。。＇

In　1661；　we　find　a　patent　granted　to　Wm。　　Chamberlaine　andDudley；

Esq。；　for　the　sole　use　of　their　new　invention　of　plating　steel；　&c。；

and　tinning　the　said　plates；　but　whether　Dud　Dudley　was　the　person

referred　to；　we　are　unable　precisely　to　determine。　　A　few　years　later；

he　seems　to　have　succeeded　in　obtaining　the　means　of　prosecuting　his

original　invention；　for　in　his　Metallum　Martis；　published　in　1665；　he

describes　himself　as　living　at　Green's　Lodge；　in　Staffordshire；　and

he　says　that　near　it　are　four　forges；　Green's　Forge；　Swin　Forge；

Heath　Forge；　and　Cradley　Forge；　where　he　practises　his　〃perfect

invention。〃　　These　forges；　he　adds；　〃have　barred　all　or　most　part　of

their　iron　with　pit…coal　since　the　authors　first　invention　In　1618；

which　hath　preserved　much　wood。　　In　these　four；　besides　many　other

forges；　do　the　like　＇sic　＇；　yet　the　author　hath　had　no　benefit

thereby　to　this　present。〃　　From　that　time　forward；　Dud　becomes　lost　to

sight。　　He　seems　eventually　to　have　retired　to　St。　　Helen's　in

Worcestershire；　where　he　died　in　1684；　in　the　85th　year　of　his　age。

He　was　buried　in　the　parish　church　there；　and　a　monument；　now

destroyed；　was　erected　to　his　memory；　bearing　the　inscription　partly

set　forth　underneath。*

　＇footnote。。。



　　Pulvis　et　umbra　sumus

　　Memento　mori。



Dodo　Dudley　chiliarchi　nobilis　Edwardi　nuper　domini　de　Dudley　filius；

patri　charus　et　regiae　Majestatis　fidissimus　subditus　et　servus　in

asserendo　regein；　in　vindicartdo　ecclesiam；　in　propugnando　legem　ac

libertatem　Anglicanam；　saepe　captus；　anno　1648；　semel　condemnatus　et

tamen　non　decollatus；　renatum　denuo　vidit　diadaema　hic　inconcussa

semper　virtute　senex。



　Differt　non　aufert　mortem　longissima　vita

　Sed　differt　multam　cras　hodiere　mori。

　Quod　nequeas　vitare；　fugis：　　

　Nec　formidanda　est。



Plot　frequently　alludes　to　Dudley　in　his　Natural　History　of

Staffordshire；　and　when　he　does　so　he　describes　him　as　the　〃worshipful

Dud　Dudley；〃　showing　the　estimation　in　which　he　was　held　by　his

contemporaries。

　。。。＇



CHAPTER　IV。



ANDREW　YARRANTON。



〃There　never　have　been　wanting　men　to　whom　England's　improvement　by

sea　and　land　was　one　of　the　dearest　thoughts　of　their　lives；　and　to

whom　England's　good　was　the　foremost　of　their　worldly　considerations。

And　such；　emphatically；　was　Andrew　Yarranton；　a　true　patriot　in　the

best　sense　of　the　word。〃DOVE；　Elements　of　Political　Science。





That　industry　had　a　sore　time　of　it　during　the　civil　wars　will

further　appear　from　the　following　brief　account　of　Andrew　Yarranton；

which　may　be　taken　as　a　companion　memoir　to　that　of　Dud　Dudley。　　For

Yarranton　also　was　a　Worcester　ironmaster　and　a　soldierthough　on

the　opposite　side；but　more　even　than　Dudley　was　he　a　man　of　public

spirit　and　enterprise；　an　enlightened　political　economist　（long

before　political　economy　had　been　recognised　as　a　science）；　and　in

many　respects　a　true　national　benefactor。　　Bishop　Watson　said　that　he

ought　to　have　had　a　statue　erected　to　his　memory　because　of　his

eminent　public　services；　and　an　able　modern　writer　has　gone　so　far　as

to　say　of　him　that　he　was　〃the　founder　of　English　political　economy；

the　first　man　in　England　who　saw　and　said　that　peace　was　better　than

war；　that　trade　was　better　than　plunder；　that　honest　industry　was

better　than　martial　greatness；　and　that　the　best　occupation　of　a

government　was　to　secure　prosperity　at　home；　and　let　other　nations

alone。〃*

　＇footnote。。。

PATRICK　EDWARD　DOVE；　Elements　of　Political　Science。　　Edinburgh；　1854。

　。。。＇

Yet　the　name　of　Andrew　Yarranton　is　scarcely　remembered；　or　is　at

most　known　to　only　a　few　readers　of　half…forgotten　books。　　The

following　brief　outline　of　his　history　is　gathered　from　his　own

narrative　and　from　documents　in　the　State　Paper　Office。



Andrew　Yarranton　was　born　at　the　farmstead　of　Larford；　in　the　parish

of　Astley；　in　Worcestershire；　in　the　year　1616。*

　＇footnote。。。

A　copy　of　the　entries　in　the　parish　register　relating　to　the　various

members　of　the　Yarranton　family；　kindly　forwarded　to　us　by　the　Rev。

H。　　W。　　Cookes；　rector　of　Astley；　shows　them　to　have　resided　in　that

parish　for　many　generations。　　There　were　the　Yarrantons　of　Yarranton；

of　Redstone；　of　Larford；　of　Brockenton；　and　of　Longmore。　　With　that

disregard　for　orthography　in　proper　names　which　prevailed　some　three

hundred　years　since；　they　are　indifferently　designated　as　Yarran；

Yarranton；　and　Yarrington。　　The　name　was　most　probably　derived　f