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及21何蛍

the coming race(匯倖軸匝嶽怛)-及21何蛍

弌傍�� the coming race(匯倖軸匝嶽怛) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




In fact�察�though there is no lack of new publications�察�and they have even 

what may be called newspapers�察�these are chiefly devoted to mechanical 

science�察    �reports    of  new    inventions�察    �announcements         respecting     various 

details   of   business´   in   short�察  �to   practical   matters。     Sometimes   a      child 

writes a little tale of adventure�察�or a young Gy vents her amorous hopes or 

fears in a poem�察�but these effusions are of very little merit�察�and are seldom 

read except by children and maiden Gy´ei。                   The most interesting works 

of   a   purely   literary   character   are   those   of   explorations   and   travels   into 

other regions of this nether world�察�which are generally written by 84young 

emigrants�察�and are read with great avidity by the relations and friends they 

have left behind。 

     I could not help expressing to Aph´Lin my surprise that a community 

in which mechanical science had made so marvellous a progress�察�and in 

which intellectual civilisation had exhibited itself in realising those objects 

for   the   happiness   of   the   people�察  �which   the   political   philosophers   above 

ground   had�察  �after   ages   of   struggle�察  �pretty   generally   agreed   to   consider 

unattainable       visions�察   �should�察    �nevertheless�察     �be   so   wholly     without     a 

contemporaneous   literature�察  �despite   the   excellence   to   which   culture   had 

brought a language at once so rich and simple�察�vigourous and musical。 

     My   host   replied´   ;Do   you   not   percieve   that   a   literature   such   as   you 

mean   would   be       wholly   incompatible        with   that   perfection    of   social   or 

political felicity at which you do us the honour to think we have arrived�拭�

We     have    at  last�察  �after  centuries     of  struggle�察   �settled    into   a  form    of 

government   with   which   we   are   content�察  �and   in   which�察  �as   we   allow   no 

differences       of   rank�察   �and     no    honours      are   paid    to    administrators 

distinguishing them from others�察�there is no stimulus given to individual 

ambition。      No   one   would   read   works   advocating   theories   that   involved 

any political or social change�察�and therefore no one writes them。                      If now 



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and then an An feels himself dissatisfied with our tranquil mode of life�察�he 

does not attack it�察�he goes away。              Thus all that part of literature ��and to 

judge by the ancient books in our public libraries�察�it was once a very large 

part���察  �which   relates   to   speculative   theories   on   society   is   become   utterly 

extinct。      Again�察  �formerly   there   was   a   vast   deal   written   respecting   the 

attributes and essence of the All´Good�察�and the arguments for and against 

a future state�察�but now we all recognise two facts�察�that there IS a Divine 

Being�察�and there IS a future state�察�and we all equally agree that if we wrote 

our fingers to the bone�察�we could not throw any light upon the nature and 

conditions      of   that   future   state�察  �or  quicken     our   apprehensions       of   the 

attributes     and   essence    of   that  Divine     85Being。     Thus     another     part  of 

literature   has   become   also   extinct�察  �happily   for   our   race�察  �for   in   the   time 

when   so   much   was   written   on   subjects   which   no   one   could   determine�察�

people seemed to live in a perpetual state of quarrel and contention。                       So�察�

too�察  �a   vast   part   of   our   ancient   literature   consists   of   historical   records   of 

wars   an   revolutions   during   the   times   when   the   Ana   lived   in   large   and 

turbulent   societies�察  �each   seeking   aggrandisement   at   the   expense   of   the 

other。     You see our serene mode of life now�察�such it has been for ages。 

We have no events to chronicle。              What more of us can be said than that�察�

'they were born�察�they were happy�察�they died��' Coming next to that part of 

literature which is more under the control of the imagination�察�such as what 

we call Glaubsila�察�or colloquially 'Glaubs��' and you call poetry�察�the reasons 

for its decline amongst us are abundantly obvious。 

     ;We find�察�by referring to the great masterpieces in that department of 

literature which we all still read with pleasure�察�but of which none would 

tolerate   imitations�察  �that   they  consist   in the   portraiture  of   passions   which 

we no longer experience´ ambition�察�vengeance�察�unhallowed love�察�the thirst 

for warlike renown�察�and suchlike。              The old poets lived in an atmosphere 

impregnated   with   these   passions�察  �and   felt   vividly   what   they   expressed 

glowingly。       No one can express such passions now�察�for no one can feel 

them�察�or meet with any sympathy in his readers if he did。                    Again�察�the old 

poetry has a main element in its dissection of those complex mysteries of 

human character which conduce to abnormal vices and crimes�察�or lead to 

signal     and   extraordinary      virtues。    But    our   society�察   �having    got   rid  of 



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temptations to any prominent vices and crimes�察�has necessarily rendered 

the    moral    average     so   equal�察   �that   there   are   no   very    salient   virtues。 

Without       its  ancient     food     of   strong    passions�察    �vast    crimes�察    �heroic 

excellences�察�poetry therefore is�察�if not actually starved to death�察�reduced to 

a very meagre diet。         There is still the poetry of description´ description of 

rocks�察�and trees�察�and waters�察�and common household life�察�and our young 

Gy´ei   weave   much   of   this   insipid   kind   of   composition   into   their   love 

verses。; 86 ;Such poetry�察─�said I�察 �might surely be made very charming�察�

and   we   have   critics   amongst   us   who   consider   it   a   higher   kind   than   that 

which depicts the crimes�察�or analyses the passions�察�of man。                    At all events�察�

poetry     of   the  inspired    kind    you    mention     is  a  poetry    that   nowadays 

commands   more   readers   than   any   other   among   the   people   I   have   left 

above ground。; 

     ;Possibly�察  �but   then   I   suppose   the   writers   take   great   pains   with   the 

language they employ�察�and devote themselves to the culture and polish of 

words and rhythms of an art�拭─�

     ;Certainly they do�此�all great poets do that。              Though the gift of poetry 

may  be   inborn�察  �the   gift   requires   as   much   care   to   make   it   available   as   a 

block of metal does to be made into one of your engines。; 

     ;And   doubtless   your   poets   have   some   incentive   to   bestow   all   those 

pains upon such verbal prettinesses�拭─�

     ;Well�察�I presume their instinct of song would make them sing as the 

bird   does�察  �but   to   cultivate   the   song   into   verbal   or   artificial   prettiness�察�

probably does need an inducement from without�察�and our poets find it in 

the love of fame´ perhaps�察�now and then�察�in the want of money。; 

     ;Precisely   so。     But   in   our   society   we   attach   fame   to   nothing   which 

man�察  �in   that   moment   of   his   duration   which   is   called   'life��'   can   perform。 

We should soon lose that equality which constitutes the felicitous essence 

of our commonwealth if we selected any individual for pre´eminent praise�此�

pre´eminent   praise   would   confer   pre´eminent   power�察  �and   the   moment   it 

were given�察�evil passions�察�now dormant�察�would awake�此�other men would 

immediately covet praise�察�then would arise envy�察�and with envy hate�察�and 

with hate calumny and persecution。               Our history tells us that most of the 

poets and most of the writers who�察�in the old time�察�were favoured with the 



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greatest praise�察�were also assailed by the greatest vituperation�察�and even�察�

on the   whole�察�87rendered very  unhappy�察 �partly  by  the   attacks   of   jealous 

rivals�察   �partly   by  the   diseased     mental    constitution    which     an  acquired 

sensitiveness      to  praise   and    to  blame    tends   to  engender。      As    for  the 

stimulus of want�察�in the first place�察�no man in our community knows the 

goad of poverty�察�and�察�secondly�察�if he did�察�almost every occupation would 

be more lucrative than writing。 

     ;Our public libraries contain all the books of the past which time has 

preserved�察�those books�察�for the reasons above stated�察�are infinitely better 

than any can write nowadays�察�and they are open to all to read without cost。 

We are not such fools as to pay for reading inferior books�察�when we can 

read superior books for nothing。; 

     ;With   us�察  �novelty   has   an   attraction�察  �and   a   new   book�察  �if   bad�察  �is   read 

when an old book�察�though good�察�is neglected。; 

     ;Novelty�察    �to   barbarous     states  of   society   struggling     in  despair    for 

something better�察�has no doubt an attraction�察�denied to us�察�who see nothing 

to gain in novelties�察�but after all�察�it is observed by one of our great authors 

four thousand years ago�察�that 'he who studies old books will always find in 

them   something   new�察  �and   he   who   reads   new   books   will   always   find   in 

them something old。' But to return to the question you have raised�察�there 

being then amongst us no stimulus to painstaking labour�察�whether in desire 

of fame or in pressure of want�察�such as have the poetic temperament�察�no 

d

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