the coming race(匯倖軸匝嶽怛)-及21何蛍
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
In fact�察�though there is no lack of new publications�察�and they have even
what may be called newspapers�察�these are chiefly devoted to mechanical
science�察 �reports of new inventions�察 �announcements respecting various
details of business´ in short�察 �to practical matters。 Sometimes a child
writes a little tale of adventure�察�or a young Gy vents her amorous hopes or
fears in a poem�察�but these effusions are of very little merit�察�and are seldom
read except by children and maiden Gy´ei。 The most interesting works
of a purely literary character are those of explorations and travels into
other regions of this nether world�察�which are generally written by 84young
emigrants�察�and are read with great avidity by the relations and friends they
have left behind。
I could not help expressing to Aph´Lin my surprise that a community
in which mechanical science had made so marvellous a progress�察�and in
which intellectual civilisation had exhibited itself in realising those objects
for the happiness of the people�察 �which the political philosophers above
ground had�察 �after ages of struggle�察 �pretty generally agreed to consider
unattainable visions�察 �should�察 �nevertheless�察 �be so wholly without a
contemporaneous literature�察 �despite the excellence to which culture had
brought a language at once so rich and simple�察�vigourous and musical。
My host replied´ ;Do you not percieve that a literature such as you
mean would be wholly incompatible with that perfection of social or
political felicity at which you do us the honour to think we have arrived�拭�
We have at last�察 �after centuries of struggle�察 �settled into a form of
government with which we are content�察 �and in which�察 �as we allow no
differences of rank�察 �and no honours are paid to administrators
distinguishing them from others�察�there is no stimulus given to individual
ambition。 No one would read works advocating theories that involved
any political or social change�察�and therefore no one writes them。 If now
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and then an An feels himself dissatisfied with our tranquil mode of life�察�he
does not attack it�察�he goes away。 Thus all that part of literature ��and to
judge by the ancient books in our public libraries�察�it was once a very large
part���察 �which relates to speculative theories on society is become utterly
extinct。 Again�察 �formerly there was a vast deal written respecting the
attributes and essence of the All´Good�察�and the arguments for and against
a future state�察�but now we all recognise two facts�察�that there IS a Divine
Being�察�and there IS a future state�察�and we all equally agree that if we wrote
our fingers to the bone�察�we could not throw any light upon the nature and
conditions of that future state�察 �or quicken our apprehensions of the
attributes and essence of that Divine 85Being。 Thus another part of
literature has become also extinct�察 �happily for our race�察 �for in the time
when so much was written on subjects which no one could determine�察�
people seemed to live in a perpetual state of quarrel and contention。 So�察�
too�察 �a vast part of our ancient literature consists of historical records of
wars an revolutions during the times when the Ana lived in large and
turbulent societies�察 �each seeking aggrandisement at the expense of the
other。 You see our serene mode of life now�察�such it has been for ages。
We have no events to chronicle。 What more of us can be said than that�察�
'they were born�察�they were happy�察�they died��' Coming next to that part of
literature which is more under the control of the imagination�察�such as what
we call Glaubsila�察�or colloquially 'Glaubs��' and you call poetry�察�the reasons
for its decline amongst us are abundantly obvious。
;We find�察�by referring to the great masterpieces in that department of
literature which we all still read with pleasure�察�but of which none would
tolerate imitations�察 �that they consist in the portraiture of passions which
we no longer experience´ ambition�察�vengeance�察�unhallowed love�察�the thirst
for warlike renown�察�and suchlike。 The old poets lived in an atmosphere
impregnated with these passions�察 �and felt vividly what they expressed
glowingly。 No one can express such passions now�察�for no one can feel
them�察�or meet with any sympathy in his readers if he did。 Again�察�the old
poetry has a main element in its dissection of those complex mysteries of
human character which conduce to abnormal vices and crimes�察�or lead to
signal and extraordinary virtues。 But our society�察 �having got rid of
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temptations to any prominent vices and crimes�察�has necessarily rendered
the moral average so equal�察 �that there are no very salient virtues。
Without its ancient food of strong passions�察 �vast crimes�察 �heroic
excellences�察�poetry therefore is�察�if not actually starved to death�察�reduced to
a very meagre diet。 There is still the poetry of description´ description of
rocks�察�and trees�察�and waters�察�and common household life�察�and our young
Gy´ei weave much of this insipid kind of composition into their love
verses。; 86 ;Such poetry�察─�said I�察 �might surely be made very charming�察�
and we have critics amongst us who consider it a higher kind than that
which depicts the crimes�察�or analyses the passions�察�of man。 At all events�察�
poetry of the inspired kind you mention is a poetry that nowadays
commands more readers than any other among the people I have left
above ground。;
;Possibly�察 �but then I suppose the writers take great pains with the
language they employ�察�and devote themselves to the culture and polish of
words and rhythms of an art�拭─�
;Certainly they do�此�all great poets do that。 Though the gift of poetry
may be inborn�察 �the gift requires as much care to make it available as a
block of metal does to be made into one of your engines。;
;And doubtless your poets have some incentive to bestow all those
pains upon such verbal prettinesses�拭─�
;Well�察�I presume their instinct of song would make them sing as the
bird does�察 �but to cultivate the song into verbal or artificial prettiness�察�
probably does need an inducement from without�察�and our poets find it in
the love of fame´ perhaps�察�now and then�察�in the want of money。;
;Precisely so。 But in our society we attach fame to nothing which
man�察 �in that moment of his duration which is called 'life��' can perform。
We should soon lose that equality which constitutes the felicitous essence
of our commonwealth if we selected any individual for pre´eminent praise�此�
pre´eminent praise would confer pre´eminent power�察 �and the moment it
were given�察�evil passions�察�now dormant�察�would awake�此�other men would
immediately covet praise�察�then would arise envy�察�and with envy hate�察�and
with hate calumny and persecution。 Our history tells us that most of the
poets and most of the writers who�察�in the old time�察�were favoured with the
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greatest praise�察�were also assailed by the greatest vituperation�察�and even�察�
on the whole�察�87rendered very unhappy�察 �partly by the attacks of jealous
rivals�察 �partly by the diseased mental constitution which an acquired
sensitiveness to praise and to blame tends to engender。 As for the
stimulus of want�察�in the first place�察�no man in our community knows the
goad of poverty�察�and�察�secondly�察�if he did�察�almost every occupation would
be more lucrative than writing。
;Our public libraries contain all the books of the past which time has
preserved�察�those books�察�for the reasons above stated�察�are infinitely better
than any can write nowadays�察�and they are open to all to read without cost。
We are not such fools as to pay for reading inferior books�察�when we can
read superior books for nothing。;
;With us�察 �novelty has an attraction�察 �and a new book�察 �if bad�察 �is read
when an old book�察�though good�察�is neglected。;
;Novelty�察 �to barbarous states of society struggling in despair for
something better�察�has no doubt an attraction�察�denied to us�察�who see nothing
to gain in novelties�察�but after all�察�it is observed by one of our great authors
four thousand years ago�察�that 'he who studies old books will always find in
them something new�察 �and he who reads new books will always find in
them something old。' But to return to the question you have raised�察�there
being then amongst us no stimulus to painstaking labour�察�whether in desire
of fame or in pressure of want�察�such as have the poetic temperament�察�no
d