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                The Bhagavad´Gita�察�translated 



The Bhagavad´Gita 



          Translated Sir Edwin Arnold 



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                         The Bhagavad´Gita�察�translated 



                               Dedication 



    TO INDIA 

    So have I read this wonderful and spirit´thrilling speech�察�By Krishna 

and   Prince   Arjun   held�察  �discoursing   each   with   each�察  �So   have   I   writ   its 

wisdom here��its hidden mystery�察�For England�察�O our India� �as dear to me 

as She� �

    EDWIN ARNOLD 



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                              The Bhagavad´Gita�察�translated 



                                    PREFACE 



     This famous and marvellous Sanskrit poem occurs as an episode of the 

Mahabharata�察�in the sixthor ;Bhishma;Parva of the great Hindoo epic。 

It enjoys immense popularity and authority in India�察�where it is reckoned 

as one of the   ``Five Jewels�察�pancharatnaniof Devanagiri literature。   In 

plain but noble language it unfolds a philosophical system which remains 

to   this   day   the  prevailing     Brahmanic      belief�察  �blending     as  it  does   the 

doctrines   of   Kapila�察  �Patanjali�察  �and   the   Vedas。   So   lofty   are   many   of   its 

declarations�察�so sublime its aspirations�察�so   pure and tender its piety�察 �that 

Schlegel�察  �after   his   study   of   the   poem�察  �breaks   forth   into   this   outburst   of 

delight and praise towards its unknown author�此 �Magistrorum reverentia a 

Brachmanis   inter       sanctissima   pietatis    officia   refertur。   Ergo   te  primum�察�

Vates sanctissime�察�Numinisque hypopheta� �quisquis tandem inter mortales 

dictus   tu   fueris�察  �carminis   bujus   auctor�撮察  �cujus   oraculis   mens   ad   excelsa 

quaeque��quaeque�撮察         �aeterna     atque    divina�察    �cum     inenarraoih      quddam 

delectatione      rapitur´te   primum�察     �inquam�察    �salvere   jubeo�察   �et  vestigia   tua 

semper      adore。;   Lassen     re´echoes    this  splendid     tribute�察 �and   indeed�察   �so 

striking    are   some    of  the   moralities    here   inculcated�察   �and    so  close   the 

parallelismofttimes actually verbal between its teachings and those of 

the   New   Testament�察  �that   a   controversy   has   arisen   between   Pandits   and 

Missionaries   on   the   point   whether   the   author   borrowed   from   Christian 

sources�察�or the Evangelists and Apostles from him。 

     This raises the question of its date�察�which cannot be positively settled。 

It must have been inlaid into the ancient epic at a period later than that of 

the original   Mahabharata�察�but   Mr  Kasinath Telang has offered some   fair 

arguments to prove it anterior to the Christian era。 The weight of evidence�察�

however�察  �tends   to   place   its   composition   at   about   the   third   century   after 

Christ�察�and perhaps there are really echoes in this Brahmanic poem of the 

lessons of Galilee�察�and of the Syrian incarnation。 

     Its   scene   is   the   level   country   between   the   Jumna   and   the   Sarsooti 

rivers´now Kurnul and Jheend。 Its simple plot consists of a dialogue held 

by   Prince    Arjuna�察   �the   brother    of  King    Yudhisthira�察   �with    Krishna�察   �the 

Supreme   Deity�察  �wearing   the   disguise   of   a   charioteer。   A   great   battle   is 



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                               The Bhagavad´Gita�察�translated 



impending   between   the   armies   of   the   Kauravas   and   Pandavas�察  �and   this 

conversation        is  maintained      in   a  war´chariot      drawn     up   between      the 

opposing hosts。 

     The   poem   has   been   turned   into   French   by   Burnouf�察  �into   Latin   by 

Lassen�察  �into   Italian   by   Stanislav   Gatti�察  �into   Greek   by   Galanos�察  �and   into 

English by Mr。 Thomson and Mr Davies�察�the prose transcript of the last´ 

named being truly beyond praise for its fidelity and clearness。 Mr Telang 

has also published at   Bombay  a version   in colloquial   rhythm�察  �eminently 

learned   and   intelligent�察  �but   not   conveying   the   dignity   or   grace   of   the 

original。 If I venture to offer a translation of the wonderful poem after so 

many   superior   scholars�察  �it   is   in   grateful   recognition   of   the   help   derived 

from     their   labours�察   �and   because     English    literature   would     certainly    be 

incomplete        without      possessing       in   popular      form     a   poetical     and 

philosophical work so dear to India。 

     There is little else to say which the ;Song Celestial; does not explain 

for itself。 The Sanskrit original is written in the Anushtubh metre�察�which 

cannot be successfully reproduced for Western ears。 I have therefore cast it 

into our flexible blank verse�察�changing into lyrical measures where the text 

itself   similarly    breaks。    For    the  most    part�察  �I  believe    the   sense    to  be 

faithfully   preserved   in   the   following   pages�察  �but   Schlegel   himself   had   to 

say�此   �In   reconditioribus   me   semper   poetafoster   mentem   recte   divinasse 

affirmare non ausim。; Those who would read more upon the philosophy of 

the poem may find an admirable introduction in the volume of Mr Davies�察�

printed by Messrs Trubner & Co。 

     EDWIN ARNOLD�察�C。S。I。 



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                              The Bhagavad´Gita�察�translated 



                                 CHAPTER I 



     Dhritirashtra�此     �Ranged      thus   for   battle   on   the   sacred    plain    On 

Kurukshetrasay�察        �Sanjaya�     �say   What     wrought      my    people�察   �and    the 

Pandavas�拭�

     Sanjaya�此�When   he beheld   the host   of Pandavas�察 �Raja Duryodhana to 

Drona drew�察�And spake these words�此 �Ah�察�Guru� �see this line�察�How vast it 

is of Pandu fighting´men�察�Embattled by the son of Drupada�察�Thy scholar in 

the   war�   �Therein   stand   ranked   Chiefs   like Arjuna�察  �like   to   Bhima   chiefs�察�

Benders      of  bows�察    �Virata�察  �Yuyudhan�察     �Drupada�察    �eminent     upon    his  car�察�

Dhrishtaket�察  �Chekitan�察  �Kasi's   stout   lord�察  �Purujit�察  �Kuntibhoj�察  �and   Saivya�察�

With     Yudhamanyu�察       �and   Uttamauj     Subhadra's      child�察  �and   Drupadi's�察�all 

famed� �All mounted on their shining chariots� �On our side�察�too��thou best 

of Brahmans� �see Excellent chiefs�察�commanders of my line�察�Whose names 

I joy to count�此�thyself the first�察�Then Bhishma�察�Karna�察�Kripa fierce in fight�察�

Vikarna�察�Aswatthaman�察  �next   to   these   Strong   Saumadatti�察  �with   full   many 

more Valiant and tried�察�ready this day to die For me their king�察�each with 

his   weapon   grasped�察  �Each   skilful   in   the   field。   Weakest´meseems´   Our 

battle shows where Bhishma holds command�察�And Bhima�察�fronting him�察�

something   too   strong�   �Have   care   our   captains   nigh   to   Bhishma's   ranks 

Prepare what help they may� �Now�察�blow my shell� ─�

     Then�察  �at   the   signal   of   the   aged   king�察  �With   blare   to   wake   the   blood�察�

rolling around Like to a lion's roar�察�the trumpeter Blew the great Conch�察�

and�察�at the noise of it�察�Trumpets and drums�察�cymbals and gongs and horns 

Burst   into   sudden   clamour�察  �as   the   blasts   Of   loosened   tempest�察  �such   the 

tumult   seemed�   �Then   might   be   seen�察  �upon   their   car   of   gold Yoked   with 

white   steeds�察 �blowing   their   battle´shells�察  �Krishna   the   God�察�Arjuna   at   his 

side�此  �Krishna�察  �with   knotted   locks�察  �blew   his   great   conch   Carved   of   the 

;Giant's bone�察─�Arjuna blew Indra's loud gift�察�Bhima the terrible Wolf´ 

bellied Bhima´blew a long reed´conch�察�And Yudhisthira�察�Kunti's blameless 

son�察  �Winded   a   mighty   shell�察   �Victory's   Voice�察─  �And   Nakula   blew   shrill 

upon      his    conch     Named       the   ;Sweet´sounding�察─         �Sahadev      on    his 

Called;Gem´bedecked�察─  �and   Kasi's   Prince   on   his。   Sikhandi   on   his   car�察�

Dhrishtadyumn�察�Virata�察  �Satyaki   the   Unsubdued�察  �Drupada�察  �with   his   sons�察�



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                              The Bhagavad´Gita�察�translated 



��O Lord of Earth�。� Long´armed Subhadra's children�察�all blew loud�察�So that 

the    clangour     shook     their   foemen's     hearts�察  �With     quaking     earth   and 

thundering heav'n。 

     Then 'twas´ Beholding Dhritirashtra's battle set�察�Weapons unsheathing�察�

bows   drawn   forth�察  �the   war   Instant   to   break´Arjun�察  �whose   ensign´badge 

Was   Hanuman   the   monkey�察  �spake   this   thing   To   Krishna   the   Divine�察  �his 

charioteer�此   �Drive�察  �Dauntless   One�   �to   yonder   open   ground   Betwixt   the 

armies�察  �I   would   see   more   nigh   These   who   will   fight   with   us�察  �those   we 

must slay To´day�察�in war's arbitrament�察�for�察�sure�察�On bloodshed all are bent 

who throng this plain�察�Obeying Dhritirashtra's sinful son。; 

     Thus�察�by Arjuna prayed�察。�O Bharata�。� Between the hosts that heavenly 

Charioteer      Drove     the  bright   car�察  �reining   its  milk´white     steeds    Where 

Bhishma led��and Drona��and their Lords。 ;See� ─�spake he to Arjuna�察 �where 

they   stand�察  �Thy   kindred   of   the   Kurus�此─  �and   the   Prince   Marked   on   each 

hand the kinsmen of his house�察�Grandsires and sires�察�uncles and brothers 

and sons�察�Cousins and sons´in´law and nephews�察�mixed With friends and 

honoured elders�察�some this side�察�Some that side ranged�此�and�察�seeing those 

opposed�察�Such kith grown enemies´Arjuna's heart Melted with pity�察�while 

he uttered this�此�

     Arjuna。 Krishna� �as I behold�察�come here to shed Their common blood�察�

yon concourse of our kin�察�My members fail�察�my tongue dries in my mouth�察�

A   shudd

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