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The Bhagavad´Gita�察�translated
The Bhagavad´Gita
Translated Sir Edwin Arnold
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The Bhagavad´Gita�察�translated
Dedication
TO INDIA
So have I read this wonderful and spirit´thrilling speech�察�By Krishna
and Prince Arjun held�察 �discoursing each with each�察 �So have I writ its
wisdom here��its hidden mystery�察�For England�察�O our India� �as dear to me
as She� �
EDWIN ARNOLD
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The Bhagavad´Gita�察�translated
PREFACE
This famous and marvellous Sanskrit poem occurs as an episode of the
Mahabharata�察�in the sixthor ;Bhishma;Parva of the great Hindoo epic。
It enjoys immense popularity and authority in India�察�where it is reckoned
as one of the ``Five Jewels�察�pancharatnaniof Devanagiri literature。 In
plain but noble language it unfolds a philosophical system which remains
to this day the prevailing Brahmanic belief�察 �blending as it does the
doctrines of Kapila�察 �Patanjali�察 �and the Vedas。 So lofty are many of its
declarations�察�so sublime its aspirations�察�so pure and tender its piety�察 �that
Schlegel�察 �after his study of the poem�察 �breaks forth into this outburst of
delight and praise towards its unknown author�此 �Magistrorum reverentia a
Brachmanis inter sanctissima pietatis officia refertur。 Ergo te primum�察�
Vates sanctissime�察�Numinisque hypopheta� �quisquis tandem inter mortales
dictus tu fueris�察 �carminis bujus auctor�撮察 �cujus oraculis mens ad excelsa
quaeque��quaeque�撮察 �aeterna atque divina�察 �cum inenarraoih quddam
delectatione rapitur´te primum�察 �inquam�察 �salvere jubeo�察 �et vestigia tua
semper adore。; Lassen re´echoes this splendid tribute�察 �and indeed�察 �so
striking are some of the moralities here inculcated�察 �and so close the
parallelismofttimes actually verbal between its teachings and those of
the New Testament�察 �that a controversy has arisen between Pandits and
Missionaries on the point whether the author borrowed from Christian
sources�察�or the Evangelists and Apostles from him。
This raises the question of its date�察�which cannot be positively settled。
It must have been inlaid into the ancient epic at a period later than that of
the original Mahabharata�察�but Mr Kasinath Telang has offered some fair
arguments to prove it anterior to the Christian era。 The weight of evidence�察�
however�察 �tends to place its composition at about the third century after
Christ�察�and perhaps there are really echoes in this Brahmanic poem of the
lessons of Galilee�察�and of the Syrian incarnation。
Its scene is the level country between the Jumna and the Sarsooti
rivers´now Kurnul and Jheend。 Its simple plot consists of a dialogue held
by Prince Arjuna�察 �the brother of King Yudhisthira�察 �with Krishna�察 �the
Supreme Deity�察 �wearing the disguise of a charioteer。 A great battle is
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The Bhagavad´Gita�察�translated
impending between the armies of the Kauravas and Pandavas�察 �and this
conversation is maintained in a war´chariot drawn up between the
opposing hosts。
The poem has been turned into French by Burnouf�察 �into Latin by
Lassen�察 �into Italian by Stanislav Gatti�察 �into Greek by Galanos�察 �and into
English by Mr。 Thomson and Mr Davies�察�the prose transcript of the last´
named being truly beyond praise for its fidelity and clearness。 Mr Telang
has also published at Bombay a version in colloquial rhythm�察 �eminently
learned and intelligent�察 �but not conveying the dignity or grace of the
original。 If I venture to offer a translation of the wonderful poem after so
many superior scholars�察 �it is in grateful recognition of the help derived
from their labours�察 �and because English literature would certainly be
incomplete without possessing in popular form a poetical and
philosophical work so dear to India。
There is little else to say which the ;Song Celestial; does not explain
for itself。 The Sanskrit original is written in the Anushtubh metre�察�which
cannot be successfully reproduced for Western ears。 I have therefore cast it
into our flexible blank verse�察�changing into lyrical measures where the text
itself similarly breaks。 For the most part�察 �I believe the sense to be
faithfully preserved in the following pages�察 �but Schlegel himself had to
say�此 �In reconditioribus me semper poetafoster mentem recte divinasse
affirmare non ausim。; Those who would read more upon the philosophy of
the poem may find an admirable introduction in the volume of Mr Davies�察�
printed by Messrs Trubner & Co。
EDWIN ARNOLD�察�C。S。I。
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The Bhagavad´Gita�察�translated
CHAPTER I
Dhritirashtra�此 �Ranged thus for battle on the sacred plain On
Kurukshetrasay�察 �Sanjaya� �say What wrought my people�察 �and the
Pandavas�拭�
Sanjaya�此�When he beheld the host of Pandavas�察 �Raja Duryodhana to
Drona drew�察�And spake these words�此 �Ah�察�Guru� �see this line�察�How vast it
is of Pandu fighting´men�察�Embattled by the son of Drupada�察�Thy scholar in
the war� �Therein stand ranked Chiefs like Arjuna�察 �like to Bhima chiefs�察�
Benders of bows�察 �Virata�察 �Yuyudhan�察 �Drupada�察 �eminent upon his car�察�
Dhrishtaket�察 �Chekitan�察 �Kasi's stout lord�察 �Purujit�察 �Kuntibhoj�察 �and Saivya�察�
With Yudhamanyu�察 �and Uttamauj Subhadra's child�察 �and Drupadi's�察�all
famed� �All mounted on their shining chariots� �On our side�察�too��thou best
of Brahmans� �see Excellent chiefs�察�commanders of my line�察�Whose names
I joy to count�此�thyself the first�察�Then Bhishma�察�Karna�察�Kripa fierce in fight�察�
Vikarna�察�Aswatthaman�察 �next to these Strong Saumadatti�察 �with full many
more Valiant and tried�察�ready this day to die For me their king�察�each with
his weapon grasped�察 �Each skilful in the field。 Weakest´meseems´ Our
battle shows where Bhishma holds command�察�And Bhima�察�fronting him�察�
something too strong� �Have care our captains nigh to Bhishma's ranks
Prepare what help they may� �Now�察�blow my shell� ─�
Then�察 �at the signal of the aged king�察 �With blare to wake the blood�察�
rolling around Like to a lion's roar�察�the trumpeter Blew the great Conch�察�
and�察�at the noise of it�察�Trumpets and drums�察�cymbals and gongs and horns
Burst into sudden clamour�察 �as the blasts Of loosened tempest�察 �such the
tumult seemed� �Then might be seen�察 �upon their car of gold Yoked with
white steeds�察 �blowing their battle´shells�察 �Krishna the God�察�Arjuna at his
side�此 �Krishna�察 �with knotted locks�察 �blew his great conch Carved of the
;Giant's bone�察─�Arjuna blew Indra's loud gift�察�Bhima the terrible Wolf´
bellied Bhima´blew a long reed´conch�察�And Yudhisthira�察�Kunti's blameless
son�察 �Winded a mighty shell�察 �Victory's Voice�察─ �And Nakula blew shrill
upon his conch Named the ;Sweet´sounding�察─ �Sahadev on his
Called;Gem´bedecked�察─ �and Kasi's Prince on his。 Sikhandi on his car�察�
Dhrishtadyumn�察�Virata�察 �Satyaki the Unsubdued�察 �Drupada�察 �with his sons�察�
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The Bhagavad´Gita�察�translated
��O Lord of Earth�。� Long´armed Subhadra's children�察�all blew loud�察�So that
the clangour shook their foemen's hearts�察 �With quaking earth and
thundering heav'n。
Then 'twas´ Beholding Dhritirashtra's battle set�察�Weapons unsheathing�察�
bows drawn forth�察 �the war Instant to break´Arjun�察 �whose ensign´badge
Was Hanuman the monkey�察 �spake this thing To Krishna the Divine�察 �his
charioteer�此 �Drive�察 �Dauntless One� �to yonder open ground Betwixt the
armies�察 �I would see more nigh These who will fight with us�察 �those we
must slay To´day�察�in war's arbitrament�察�for�察�sure�察�On bloodshed all are bent
who throng this plain�察�Obeying Dhritirashtra's sinful son。;
Thus�察�by Arjuna prayed�察。�O Bharata�。� Between the hosts that heavenly
Charioteer Drove the bright car�察 �reining its milk´white steeds Where
Bhishma led��and Drona��and their Lords。 ;See� ─�spake he to Arjuna�察 �where
they stand�察 �Thy kindred of the Kurus�此─ �and the Prince Marked on each
hand the kinsmen of his house�察�Grandsires and sires�察�uncles and brothers
and sons�察�Cousins and sons´in´law and nephews�察�mixed With friends and
honoured elders�察�some this side�察�Some that side ranged�此�and�察�seeing those
opposed�察�Such kith grown enemies´Arjuna's heart Melted with pity�察�while
he uttered this�此�
Arjuna。 Krishna� �as I behold�察�come here to shed Their common blood�察�
yon concourse of our kin�察�My members fail�察�my tongue dries in my mouth�察�
A shudd