itinerary of archibishop-第22部分

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ganwy；　seem　to　rear　their　lofty　summits　even　to　the　clouds；　when　viewed　from　the　opposite　coast　of　Anglesey。　　They　are　said　to　be　of　so　great　an　extent；　that　according　to　an　ancient　proverb；　〃As　Mona　could　supply　corn　for　all　the　inhabitants　of　Wales；　so　could　the　Eryri　mountains　afford　sufficient　pasture　for　all　the　herds；　if　collected　together。〃　　Hence　these　lines　of　Virgil　may　be　applied　to　them：…


〃Et　quantum　longis　carpent　armenta　diebus；　Exigua　tautum　gelidus　ros　nocte　reponet。〃

〃And　what　is　cropt　by　day　the　night　renews；　Shedding　refreshful　stores　of　cooling　dews。〃


On　the　highest　parts　of　these　mountains　are　two　lakes　worthy　of　admiration。　　The　one　has　a　floating　island　in　it；　which　is　often　driven　from　one　side　to　the　other　by　the　force　of　the　winds；　and　the　shepherds　behold　with　astonishment　their　cattle；　whilst　feeding；　carried　to　the　distant　parts　of　the　lake。　　A　part　of　the　bank　naturally　bound　together　by　the　roots　of　willows　and　other　shrubs　may　have　been　broken　off；　and　increased　by　the　alluvion　of　the　earth　from　the　shore；　and　being　continually　agitated　by　the　winds；　which　in　so　elevated　a　situation　blow　with　great　violence；　it　cannot　reunite　itself　firmly　with　the　banks。　　The　other　lake　is　noted　for　a　wonderful　and　singular　miracle。　　It　contains　three　sorts　of　fish　…　eels；　trout；　and　perch；　all　of　which　have　only　one　eye；　the　left　being　wanting；　but　if　the　curious　reader　should　demand　of　me　the　explanation　of　so　extraordinary　a　circumstance；　I　cannot　presume　to　satisfy　him。　　It　is　remarkable　also；　that　in　two　places　in　Scotland；　one　near　the　eastern；　the　other　near　the　western　sea；　the　fish　called　mullets　possess　the　same　defect；　having　no　left　eye。　According　to　vulgar　tradition；　these　mountains　are　frequented　by　an　eagle　who；　perching　on　a　fatal　stone　every　fifth　holiday；　in　order　to　satiate　her　hunger　with　the　carcases　of　the　slain；　is　said　to　expect　war　on　that　same　day；　and　to　have　almost　perforated　the　stone　by　cleaning　and　sharpening　her　beak。



CHAPTER　X



Of　the　passage　by　Deganwy　and　Ruthlan；　and　the　see　of　Lanelwy；　and　of　Coleshulle


Having　crossed　the　river　Conwy；　｛173｝　or　rather　an　arm　of　the　sea；　under　Deganwy；　leaving　the　Cistercian　monastery　of　Conwy　｛174｝　on　the　western　bank　of　the　river　to　our　right　hand；　we　arrived　at　Ruthlan；　a　noble　castle　on　the　river　Cloyd；　belonging　to　David；　the　eldest　son　of　Owen　｛175｝　where；　at　the　earnest　invitation　of　David　himself；　we　were　handsomely　entertained　that　night。

There　is　a　spring　not　far　from　Ruthlan；　in　the　province　of　Tegengel；　｛176｝　which　not　only　regularly　ebbs　and　flows　like　the　sea；　twice　in　twenty…four　hours；　but　at　other　times　frequently　rises　and　falls　both　by　night　and　day。　　Trogus　Pompeius　says；　〃that　there　is　a　town　of　the　Garamantes；　where　there　is　a　spring　which　is　hot　and　cold　alternately　by　day　and　night。〃　｛177｝

Many　persons　in　the　morning　having　been　persuaded　to　dedicate　themselves　to　the　service　of　Christ；　we　proceeded　from　Ruthlan　to　the　small　cathedral　church　of　Lanelwy；　｛178｝　from　whence　（the　archbishop　having　celebrated　mass）　we　continued　our　journey　through　a　country　rich　in　minerals　of　silver；　where　money　is　sought　in　the　bowels　of　the　earth；　to　the　little　cell　of　Basinwerk；　｛179｝　where　we　passed　the　night。　　The　following　day　we　traversed　a　long　quicksand；　and　not　without　some　degree　of　apprehension；　leaving　the　woody　district　of　Coleshulle；　｛180｝　or　hill　of　coal；　on　our　right　hand；　where　Henry　II。；　who　in　our　time；　actuated　by　youthful　and　indiscreet　ardour；　made　a　hostile　irruption　into　Wales；　and　presuming　to　pass　through　that　narrow　and　woody　defile；　experienced　a　signal　defeat；　and　a　very　heavy　loss　of　men。　｛181｝　　The　aforesaid　king　invaded　Wales　three　times　with　an　army；　first；　North　Wales　at　the　above…mentioned　place；　secondly；　South　Wales；　by　the　sea…coast　of　Glamorgan　and　Goer；　penetrating　as　far　as　Caermarddin　and　Pencadair；　and　returning　by　Ellennith　and　Melenith；　and　thirdly；　the　country　of　Powys；　near　Oswaldestree；　but　in　all　these　expeditions　the　king　was　unsuccessful；　because　he　placed　no　confidence　in　the　prudent　and　well…informed　chieftains　of　the　country；　but　was　principally　advised　by　people　remote　from　the　marches；　and　ignorant　of　the　manners　and　customs　of　the　natives。　　In　every　expedition；　as　the　artificer　is　to　be　trusted　in　his　trade；　so　the　advice　of　those　people　should　be　consulted；　who；　by　a　long　residence　in　the　country；　are　become　conversant　with　the　manners　and　customs　of　the　natives；　and　to　whom　it　is　of　high　importance　that　the　power　of　the　hostile　nation；　with　whom；　by　a　long　and　continued　warfare；　they　have　contracted　an　implacable　enmity　and　hatred；　should　be　weakened　or　destroyed；　as　we　have　set　forth　in　our　Vaticinal　History。

In　this　wood　of　Coleshulle；　a　young　Welshman　was　killed　while　passing　through　the　king's　army；　the　greyhound　who　accompanied　him　did　not　desert　his　master's　corpse　for　eight　days；　though　without　food；　but　faithfully　defended　it　from　the　attacks　of　dogs；　wolves；　and　birds　of　prey；　with　a　wonderful　attachment。　　What　son　to　his　father；　what　Nisus　to　Euryalus；　what　Polynices　to　Tydeus；　what　Orestes　to　Pylades；　would　have　shewn　such　an　affectionate　regard？　As　a　mark　of　favour　to　the　dog；　who　was　almost　starved　to　death；　the　English；　although　bitter　enemies　to　the　Welsh；　ordered　the　body；　now　nearly　putrid；　to　be　deposited　in　the　ground　with　the　accustomed　offices　of　humanity。



CHAPTER　XI



Of　the　passage　of　the　River　Dee；　and　of　Chester


Having　crossed　the　river　Dee　below　Chester；　（which　the　Welsh　call　Doverdwy）；　on　the　third　day　before　Easter；　or　the　day　of　absolution　（holy　Thursday）；　we　reached　Chester。　　As　the　river　Wye　towards　the　south　separates　Wales　from　England；　so　the　Dee　near　Chester　forms　the　northern　boundary。　　The　inhabitants　of　these　parts　assert；　that　the　waters　of　this　river　change　their　fords　every　month；　and；　as　it　inclines　more　towards　England　or　Wales；　they　can；　with　certainty；　prognosticate　which　nation　will　be　successful　or　unfortunate　during　the　year。　　This　river　derives　its　origin　from　the　lake　Penmelesmere；　｛182｝　and；　although　it　abounds　with　salmon；　yet　none　are　found　in　the　lake。　　It　is　also　remarkable；　that　this　river　is　never　swollen　by　rains；　but　often　rises　by　the　violence　of　the　winds。

Chester　boasts　of　being　the　burial…place　of　Henry；　｛183｝　a　Roman　emperor；　who；　after　having　imprisoned　his　carnal　and　spiritual　father；　pope　Paschal；　gave　himself　up　to　penitence；　and；　becoming　a　voluntary　exile　in　this　country；　ended　his　days　in　solitary　retirement。　　It　is　also　asserted；　that　the　remains　of　Harold　are　here　deposited。　　He　was　the　last　of　the　Saxon　kings　in　England；　and　as　a　punishment　for　his　perjury；　was　defeated　in　the　battle　of　Hastings；　fought　against　the　Normans。　　Having　received　many　wounds；　and　lost　his　left　eye　by　an　arrow　in　that　engagement；　he　is　said　to　have　escaped　to　these　parts；　where；　in　holy　conversation；　leading　the　life　of　an　anchorite；　and　being　a　constant　attendant　at　one　of　the　churches　of　this　city；　he　is　believed　to　have　terminated　his　days　happily。　｛184｝　　The　truth　of　these　two　circumstances　was　declared　（and　not　before　known）　by　the　dying　confession　of　each　party。　　We　saw　here；　what　appeared　novel　to　us；　cheese　made　of　deer's　milk；　for　the　countess　and　her　mother　keeping　tame　deer；　presented　to　the　archbishop　three　small　cheeses　made　from　their　milk。

In　this　same　country　was　produced；　in　our　time；　a　cow　partaking　of　the　nature　of　a　stag；　resembling　its　mother　in　the　fore　parts　and　the　stag　in　its　hips；　legs；　and　feet；　and　having　the　skin　and　colour　of　the　stag；　but；　partaking　more　of　the　nature　of　the　domestic　than　of　the　wild　animal；　it　remained　with　the　herd　of　cattle。　　A　bitch　also　was　pregnant　by　a　monkey；　and　produced　a　litter　of　whelps　resembling　a　monkey　before；　and　the　dog　behind；　which　the　rustic　keeper　of　the　military　hall　seeing　with　astonishment　and　abhorrence；　immediately　killed　with　the　stick　he　carried　in　his　hand；　thereby　incurring　the　severe　resentment　and　anger　of　his　lord；　when　the　latter　became　acquainted　with　the　circumstance。

In　our　time；　also；　a　woman　was　born　in　Chester　without　hands；　to　whom　nature　had　supplied　a　remedy　for　that　defect　by　the　flexibility　and　delicacy　of　the　joints　of　her　feet；　with　which　she　could　sew；　or　perform　any　work　with　thread　or　scissors；　as　well　as　other　women。



CHAPTER　XII



Of　the　journey　by　the　White　Monastery；　Oswaldestree；　Powys；　and　Shrewsbury


The　feast　of　Easter　having　been　observed　with　due　solemnity；　and　many　persons；　by　the　exhortations　of　the　archbishop；　signed　with　the　cross；　we　directed　our　way　from　Chester　to　the　White　Monastery；　｛185｝　and　from　thence　towards　Oswaldestree；　where；　on　the　very　borders　of　Powys；　we　were　met　by　Gruffydd　son　of　Madoc；　and　Elissa；　princes　of　that　country；　and　many　others；　some　few　of　whom　having　been　persuaded　to　take　the　cross　（for　several　of　the　multitude　had　been　previously　signed　by　Reiner；　｛186｝　the　bishop　of　that　place）；　Gruffydd；　prince　of　the　district；　publicly　adjured；　in　the　presence　of　the　archbishop；　his　cousin…german；　Angharad；　daughter　of　prince　Owen；　whom；　according　to　the　vicious　custom　of　the　country；　he　had　long　considered　as　his　wife。　　We　slept　at　Oswaldestree；　or　the　tree　of　St。　Oswald；　and　were　most　sumptuously　entertained　after　the　English　manner；　by　William　Fitz…Alan；　｛187｝　a　noble　and　liberal　young　man。　　A　short　time　before；　whilst　Reiner　was　preaching；　a　robust　youth　being　earnestly　exhorted　to　follow　the　example　of　his　companions　in　taking　the　cross；　answered；　〃I　will　not　follow　your　advice　until；　with　this　lance　which　I　bear　in　my　hand；　I　shall　have　avenged　the　death　of　my　lord；〃　alluding　to　Owen；　son　of　Madoc；　a　distinguished　warrior；　who　had　been　maliciously　and　treacherously　slain　by　Owen　Cyfeilioc；　his　cousin…german；　and　while　he　was　thus　venting　his　anger　and　revenge；　and　violently　brandishing　his　lance；　it　suddenly　snapped　asunder；　and　fell　disjointed　in　several　pieces　to　the　ground；　the　handle　only　remaining　in　his　hand。　　Alarmed　and　astonished　at　this　omen；　which　he　considered　as　a　certain　signal　for　his　taking　the　cross；　he　voluntarily　offered　his　services。

In　this　third　district　of　Wales；　called　Powys；　there　are　most　excellent　studs