itinerary of archibishop-第24部分

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｛5｝　　Introduction　to　Borrow's　〃Wild　Wales〃　in　the　Everyman　Series。

｛6｝　　Geoffrey；　who　ended　his　life　as　Bishop　of　St。　Asaph；　was　supposed　to　have　found　the　material　for　his　〃History　of　the　British　Kings〃　in　a　Welsh　book；　containing　a　history　of　the　Britons；　which　Waltor　Colenius；　Archdeacon　of　Oxford；　picked　up　during　a　journey　in　Brittany。

｛7｝　　Walter　Map；　another　Archdeacon　of　Oxford；　was　born　in　Glamorganshire；　the　son　of　a　Norman　knight　by　a　Welsh　mother。　　Inter　alia　he　was　the　author　of　a　Welsh　work　on　agriculture。

｛8｝　　Green；　〃Hist。　Eng。　People；〃　i。　172。

｛9｝　　〃England　under　the　Angevin　Kings；〃　vol。　ii。　457。

｛10｝　　Project　Gutenberg　has　released　〃The　Description　of　Wales〃　as　a　separate　eText　…　David　Price。

｛11｝　　Giraldus　has　committed　an　error　in　placing　Urban　III。　at　the　head　of　the　apostolic　see；　for　he　died　at　Ferrara　in　the　month　of　October；　A。D。　1187；　and　was　succeeded　by　Gregory　VIII。；　whose　short　reign　expired　in　the　month　of　December　following。　　Clement　III。　was　elected　pontiff　in　the　year　1188。　　Frederick　I。；　surnamed　Barbarossa；　succeeded　Conrad　III。　in　the　empire　of　Germany；　in　March；　1152；　and　was　drowned　in　a　river　of　Cilicia　whilst　bathing；　in　1190。　　Isaac　Angelus　succeeded　Andronicus　I。　as　emperor　of　Constantinople；　in　1185；　and　was　dethroned　in　1195。　　Philip　II。；　surnamed　Augustus；　from　his　having　been　born　in　the　month　of　August；　was　crowned　at　Rheims；　in　1179；　and　died　at　Mantes；　in　1223。　William　II。；　king　of　Sicily；　surnamed　the　Good；　succeeded　in　1166　to　his　father；　William　the　Bad；　and　died　in　1189。　　Bela　III。；　king　of　Hungary；　succeeded　to　the　throne　in　1174；　and　died　in　1196。　　Guy　de　Lusignan　was　crowned　king　of　Jerusalem　in　1186；　and　in　the　following　year　his　city　was　taken　by　the　victorious　Saladin。

｛12｝　　New　Radnor。

｛13｝　　Rhys　ap　Gruffydd　was　grandson　to　Rhys　ap　Tewdwr；　prince　of　South　Wales；　who；　in　1090；　was　slain　in　an　engagement　with　the　Normans。　　He　was　a　prince　of　great　talent；　but　great　versatility　of　character；　and　made　a　conspicuous　figure　in　Welsh　history。　　He　died　in　1196；　and　was　buried　in　the　cathedral　of　St。　David's；　where　his　effigy；　as　well　as　that　of　his　son　Rhys　Gryg；　still　remain　in　a　good　state　of　preservation。

｛14｝　　Peter　de　Leia；　prior　of　the　Benedictine　monastery　of　Wenlock；　in　Shropshire；　was　the　successful　rival　of　Giraldus　for　the　bishopric　of　Saint　David's；　vacant　by　the　death　of　David　Fitzgerald；　the　uncle　of　our　author；　but　he　did　not　obtain　his　promotion　without　considerable　opposition　from　the　canons；　who　submitted　to　the　absolute　sequestration　of　their　property　before　they　consented　to　his　election；　being　desirous　that　the　nephew　should　have　succeeded　his　uncle。　　He　was　consecrated　in　1176；　and　died　in　1199。

｛15｝　　In　the　Latin　of　Giraldus；　the　name　of　Eineon　is　represented　by　AEneas；　and　Eineon　Clyd　by　AEneas　Claudius。

｛16｝　　Cruker　Castle。　　The　corresponding　distance　between　Old　and　New　Radnor　evidently　places　this　castle　at　Old　Radnor；　which　was　anciently　called　Pen…y…craig；　Pencraig；　or　Pen…crug；　from　its　situation　on　a　rocky　eminence。　　Cruker　is　a　corruption；　probably；

from　Crug…caerau；　the　mount；　or　height；　of　the　fortifications。

｛17｝　　Buelth　or　Builth；　a　large　market　town　on　the　north…west　edge　of　the　county　of　Brecon；　on　the　southern　banks　of　the　Wye；　over　which　there　is　a　long　and　handsome　bridge　of　stone。　　It　had　formerly　a　strong　castle；　the　site　and　earthworks　of　which　still　remain；　but　the　building　is　destroyed。

｛18｝　　Llan…Avan；　a　small　church　at　the　foot　of　barren　mountains　about　five　or　six　miles　north…west　of　Buelth。　　The　saint　from　whom　it　takes　its　name；　was　one　of　the　sons　of　Cedig　ab　Cunedda；　whose　ancestor；　Cunedda；　king　of　the　Britons；　was　the　head　of　one　of　the　three　holy　families　of　Britain。　　He　is　said　to　have　lived　in　the　beginning　of　the　sixth　century。

｛19｝　Melenia；　Warthrenion；　Elevein；　Elvenia；　Melenyth；　and　Elvein；　places　mentioned　in　this　first　chapter；　and　varying　in　their　orthography；　were　three　different　districts　in　Radnorshire：　Melenyth　is　a　hundred　in　the　northern　part　of　the　county；　extending　into　Montgomeryshire；　in　which　is　the　church　of　Keri：　　Elvein　retains　in　modern　days　the　name　of　Elvel；　and　is　a　hundred　in　the　southern　part　of　the　county；　separated　from　Brecknockshire　by　the　Wye；　and　Warthrenion；　in　which　was　the　castle　built　by　prince　Rhys　at　Rhaiadyr…gwy；　seems　to　have　been　situated　between　the　other　two。　Warthrenion　may　more　properly　be　called　Gwyrthrynion；　it　was　anciently　one　of　the　three　comots　of　Arwystli；　a　cantref　of　Merioneth。　　In　the　year　1174；　Melyenith　was　in　the　possession　of　Cadwallon　ap　Madawc；　cousin　german　to　prince　Rhys；　Elvel　was　held　by　Eineon　Clyd　and　Gwyrthrynion　by　Eineon　ap　Rhys；　both　sons…in…law　to　that　illustrious　prince。

｛20｝　　The　church　of　Saint　Germanus　is　now　known　by　the　name　of　Saint　Harmans；　and　is　situated　three　or　four　miles　from　Rhaiadyr；　in　Radnorshire；　on　the　right…hand　of　the　road　from　thence　to　Llanidloes；　it　is　a　small　and　simple　structure；　placed　on　a　little　eminence；　in　a　dreary　plain　surrounded　by　mountains。

｛21｝　　Several　churches　in　Wales　have　been　dedicated　to　Saint　Curig；　who　came　into　Wales　in　the　seventh　century。

｛22｝　　Glascum　is　a　small　village　in　a　mountainous　and　retired　situation　between　Builth　and　Kington；　in　Herefordshire。

｛23｝　　Bangu。　…　This　was　a　hand　bell　kept　in　all　the　Welsh　churches；　which　the　clerk　or　sexton　took　to　the　house　of　the　deceased　on　the　day　of　the　funeral：　　when　the　procession　began；　a　psalm　was　sung；　the　bellman　then　sounded　his　bell　in　a　solemn　manner　for　some　time；　till　another　psalm　was　concluded；　and　he　again　sounded　it　at　intervals；　till　the　funeral　arrived　at　the　church。

｛24｝　　Rhaiadyr；　called　also　Rhaiader…gwy；　is　a　small　village　and　market…town　in　Radnorshire。　　The　site　only　of　the　castle；　built　by　prince　Rhys；　A。D。　1178；　now　remains　at　a　short　distance　from　the　village；　it　was　strongly　situated　on　a　natural　rock　above　the　river　Wye；　which；　below　the　bridge；　forms　a　cataract。

｛25｝　　Llywel；　a　small　village　about　a　mile　from　Trecastle；　on　the　great　road　leading　from　thence　to　Llandovery；　it　was　anciently　a　township；　and　by　charter　of　Philip　and　Mary　was　attached　to　the　borough　of　Brecknock；　by　the　name　of　Trecastle　ward。

｛26｝　　Leland；　in　his　description　of　this　part　of　Wales；　mentions　a　lake　in　Low　Elvel；　or　Elvenia；　which　may　perhaps　be　the　same　as　that　alluded　to　in　this　passage　of　Giraldus。　　〃There　is　a　llinne　in　Low　Elvel　within　a　mile　of　Payne's　castel　by　the　church　called　Lanpeder。　The　llinne　is　caullid　Bougklline；　and　is　of　no　great　quantite；　but　is　plentiful　of　pike；　and　perche；　and　eles。〃　…　Leland；　Itin。　tom。　v。　p。　72。

｛27｝　　Hay。　…　A　pleasant　market…town　on　the　southern　banks　of　the　river　Wye；　over　which　there　is　a　bridge。　　It　still　retains　some　marks　of　baronial　antiquity　in　the　old　castle；　within　the　present　town；　the　gateway　of　which　is　tolerably　perfect。　　A　high　raised　tumulus　adjoining　the　church　marks　the　site　of　the　more　ancient　fortress。　　The　more　modern　and　spacious　castle　owes　its　foundation　probably　to　one　of　those　Norman　lords；　who；　about　the　year　1090；　conquered　this　part　of　Wales。　　Little　notice　is　taken　of　this　castle　in　the　Welsh　chronicles；　but　we　are　informed　that　it　was　destroyed　in　1231；　by　Henry　II。；　and　that　it　was　refortified　by　Henry　III。

｛28｝　　Llanddew；　a　small　village；　about　two　miles　from　Brecknock；　on　the　left　of　the　road　leading　from　thence　to　Hay；　its　manor　belongs　to　the　bishops　of　Saint　David's；　who　had　formerly　a　castellated　mansion　there；　of　which　some　ruins　still　remain。　　The　tithes　of　this　parish　are　appropriated　to　the　archdeaconry　of　Brecknock；　and　here　was　the　residence　of　our　author　Giraldus；　which　he　mentions　in　several　of　his　writings；　and　alludes　to　with　heartfelt　satisfaction　at　the　end　of　the　third　chapter　of　this　Itinerary。

｛29｝　　Aberhodni；　the　ancient　name　of　the　town　and　castle　of　Brecknock；　derived　from　its　situation　at　the　confluence　of　the　river　Hodni　with　the　Usk。　　The　castle　and　two　religious　buildings；　of　which　the　remains　are　still　extant；　owed　their　foundation　to　Bernard　de　Newmarch；　a　Norman　knight；　who；　in　the　year　1090；　obtained　by　conquest　the　lordship　of　Brecknock。　　＇The　modern　Welsh　name　is　Aberhonddu。＇

｛30｝　　Iestyn　ap　Gwrgant　was　lord　of　the　province　of　Morganwg；　or　Glamorgan；　and　a　formidable　rival　to　Rhys　ap　Tewdwr；　prince　of　South　Wales；　but　unable　to　cope　with　him　in　power；　he　prevailed　on　Robert　Fitzhamon；　a　Norman　knight；　to　come　to　his　assistance。

｛31｝　　This　little　river　rises　near　the　ruins　of　Blanllyfni　castle；　between　Llangorse　pool　and　the　turnpike　road　leading　from　Brecknock　to　Abergavenny；　and　empties　itself　into　the　river　Usk；　near　Glasbury。

｛32｝　　A　pretty　little　village　on　the　southern　banks　of　the　Usk；　about　four　miles　from　Hay；　on　the　road　leading　to　Brecknock。

｛33｝　　The　great　desolation　here　alluded　to；　is　attributed　by　Dr。　Powel　to　Howel　and　Meredyth；　sons　of　Edwyn　ap　Eineon；　not　to　Howel；　son　of　Meredith。　　In　the　year　1021；　they　conspired　against　Llewelyn　ap　Sitsyllt；　and　slew　him：　　Meredith　was　slain　in　1033；　and　Howel　in　1043。

｛34｝　　William　de　Breusa；　or　Braose；　was　by　extraction　a　Norman；　and　had　extensive　possessions　in　England；　as　well　as　Normandy：　　he　was　succeeded　by　his　son　Philip；　who；　in　the　reign　of　William　Rufus；　favoured　the　cause　of　king　Henry　against　Robert　Curthose；　duke　of　Normandy；　and　being　afterwards　rebellious　to　his　sovereign；　was　disinherited　of　his　lands。　　By　his　marriage　with　Berta；　daughter　of　Milo；　earl　of　Hereford；　he　gained　a　rich　inheritance　in　Brecknock；　Overwent；　and　Gower。　　He　left　issue　two　sons：　　William　and　Philip：　William　married　Maude　de　Saint　Wallery；　and　succeeded　to　the　great　estate　of　his　father　and　mother；　which　he　kept　in　peaceable　possession　during　the　reigns　of　king　Henry　II。　and　king　Richard　I。　In　order　to　avoid　the　persecutions　of　king　John；　he　retired　with　his　family　to　Ireland；　and　from　thence　returned　into　Wales；　on　hearing　of　the　king's　arrival　in　Ireland；　his　wife　Maude　fled　with　her　sons　into　Scotland；　where　she　was　taken　prisoner；　and　in　the　year　1210　committed；　with　William；　her　son　and　heir；　to　Corf　castle；　and　there　miserably　starved　to　death；　by　order　of　king　John；　her　husband；　William　de　Braose；　escaped　into　France；　di