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04道德经英译本85种-第416部分

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  73

  Active (warlike) courage procures death。 Passive courage (patience; endurance) conserves life。
  Therefore there are two courages; one harmful; the other beneficial。 (Patience and forbearance are always worth more than incisive action; even in government; in politics)。 For does heaven wish harm; or not; to this or that man; or nation? 。。。 And why? 。。。 Who knows? … Therefore the Sage always acts as though embarrasses; (hesitating; making up his mind with difficulty before any active intervention)。
  For the way of heaven (its constant conduct); is not to intervene positively。 It wins without fighting。 It makes things obey without giving orders。 It makes them come without calling them。 It brings everything to its conclusion whilst having the appearance of letting everything drag。
  The heavenly net catches all。 Its mesh is wide; but no one escapes it。

  74

  If the people do not fear death; what is the good of trying to control them by the threat of death?
  If they fear death; then only capture and execute those who cause disorder; turning the others away from doing likewise。 (The legalists who are lavish with the death penalty and believe it will sort everything out; are therefore wrong)。
  The servant of death (heaven); kills; (let him do it。 Let us not do his work。 He alone is capable of it)。 The man who wants to kill may end up like those who play with the carpenter's tools; and often lose a finger in their play。

  75

  If the people are hungry; it is because the prince eats up excessive sums of money (which he extorts from them)。
  If the people are restive; it is because the prince does too much; (indisposes them by his innovations)。
  If the people expose themselves lightly to death (in hazardous enterprises); it is because he loves life too much; (love of well…being; of pleasure; of fame)。 He who does nothing in order to live; is wiser than he who harms himself in order to live。

  76

  When a man is born he is supple and weak (but full of life); he becomes strong and powerful; and then he dies。
  It is the same for plants; delicate (herbaceous) at first; then becoming woody at the time of their death。
  He who is strong and powerful is marked for death; he who is weak and flexible is marked for life。
  The great army will be defeated。 The great tree will be cut down。
  Everything that is strong and great is in a poorer condition。 The advantage is always with the supple and the weak。

  77

  Heaven acts (with regard to men) like the archer who; bending his bow; makes the convexities straight and the concavities bulge; diminishing the greater and augmenting the lesser。 (Lowering the higher; and raising the lower)。
  It takes away from those who have plenty; and adds to those who have little。 Whereas men (bad princes who bleed the people) do quite the opposite; taking away from those who lack (the people); in order to add to those who have in abundance (their favourites) 。。。
  Any superfluity ought to come back to the empire (to the people); but only he who possesses the Principle is capable of that。
  The Sage conforms himself to the Principle。 He influences without attributing the result to himself。 He accomplishes without appropriating his work to himself。 He does not claim the title of the Sage; (but keeps himself in voluntary obscurity)。

  78

  In this world there is nothing more supple and weak than water; and yet no one; however strong and powerful he may be; can resist its action (corrosion; wear; wave action); and no being can do without it ( for drinking; growth; etc。)。
  Is it clear enough that weakness is worth more than strength; that suppleness can overcome rigidity? … Everyone agrees with this; but no one acts according to it。
  The Sages have said: 〃He who rejects neither moral filth nor political evil is capable of becoming the chief of a territory or the sovereign of the empire。〃 (He who is supple enough to accommodate himself to all that; and not a rigid and systematic person)。 These words are quite true; even though they offend many。

  79

  When the principle of a dispute has been settled (some accessory grievances) always remain; and things do not return to the state they were in before; (bruises remain)。
  (Therefore the Sage never questions it; despite his right)。 Keeping his half of the agreement; he does not exact the execution (of what is written)。
  He who knows how to conduct himself after the Virtue of the Principle; lets his written agreements sleep。 He who does not know how to conduct himself thus; exacts his due。
  Heaven is impartial。 (If it were capable of some partiality); it would give advantage to good people; (those who act as in C。 It would overwhelm them; because they ask for nothing)。

  80

  If I were king of a little state; of a little people; I would take care to use (put in charge) the few dozen capable men that this state would contain。
  I would prevent my subjects from traveling; by making them fear possible accidental death so much that they would not dare climb into a boat or carriage。 I would prohibit all use of weapons。
  As for writing and calculating; I would oblige them to go back to knotted cords。 Then they would find their food tasty; their clothes fine; their houses peaceful; and their manners and customs agreeable。
  (I would prevent curiosity and communication to the point where) my subjects would hear the noise of the cocks and dogs of the neighbouring state; but die from old age without having crossed the border and had relationships with the people there。

  81

  (I have finished。 Perhaps you may find my discourse lacks something; is not very subtle; and is scarcely wise)。 This is because native frankness does not dress itself up;
  natural directness avoids quibbling;
  common sense can dispense with artificial erudition。
  The Sage does not hoard; but gives。 The more he does for men; the more he can do; the more he gives them; the more he has。
  Heaven does good to all; doing no evil to anyone。 The Sage imitates it; acting for the good of all; and opposing himself to no one。  




 

  
English_Wing_TTK
  Das Tao Te King von Lao Tse
  Chinese … English by
  R。L。 Wing; 1986

  1

  The Beginning of Power

  The Tao that can be expressed
  Is not the Tao of the Absolute。
  The name that can be named
  Is not the name of the Absolute。

  The nameless originated Heaven and Earth。
  The named is the Mother of All Things。

  Thus; without expectation
  One will always perceive the subtlety;
  And; with expectation
  One will always perceive the boundary。

  The source of these two is identical;
  Yet their names are different。
  Together they are called profound;
  Profound and mysterious;
  The gateway to the Collective Subtlety。

  2

  Using Polarity

  When all the world knows beauty as beauty;
  There is ugliness。
  When they know good as good;
  Then there is evil。

  In this way
  Existence and nonexistence produce each other。
  Difficult and easy complete each other。
  Long and short contrast each other。
  Pitch and tone harmonize each other。
  Future and past follow each other。

  Therefore; Evolved Individuals
  Hold their position without effort;
  Practice their philosophy without words;
  Are a part of All Things and overlook nothing。
  They produce but do not possess;
  Act wihtout expectation;
  Succeed wtihout taking credit。

  Since; indeed; they take no credit; it remains with them。

  3

  Keeping Peace

  Do not exalt the very gifted;
  And people will not contend。
  Do not trasure goods that are hard to get;
  And people will not become thieves。
  Do not focus on desires;
  And people's minds will not be confused。

  Therefore; Evolved Individuals lead others by
  Opening their minds;
  Reinforcing their centers;
  Relaxing their desires;
  Strengthening their characters。

  Let the people always act without strategy or desire;
  Let the clever not venture to act。
  Act without action;
  And nothing is without order。

  4

  The Nature of the Tao

  The Tao is empty and yet useful;
  Somehow it never fills up。
  So profound!
  It resembles the source of All Things。

  It blunts the sharpness;
  Unties the tangles;
  And harmonizes the brightness。
  It identifies with the ways of the world。

  So deep!
  It resembles a certain existence。
  I do not know whose offspring it is;
  This Image in front of the source。

  5

  Holding to the Center

  Heaven and Earth are impartial;
  They regard All Things as straw dogs。
  Evolved Individuals are impartial;
  They regard all people as straw dogs。

  Between Heaven and Earth;
  The space is like a bellows。
  The shape changes;
  But not the form。
  The more it moves;
  The more it produces。

  Too much talk will exhaust itself。
  It is better to remain centered。

  6

  Perceiving the Subtle

  The mystery of the valley is immortal;
  It is known as the Subtle Female。
  The gateway of the Subtle Female
  Is the source of Heaven and Earth。

  Everlasting; endless; it appears to exist。
  Its usefulness comes with no effort。

  7

  The Power of Selflessness

  Heaven is eternal。; the Earth everlasing。
  They can be eternal and everlasting
  Because they do not exist for themselves。
  For that reason tehy can exist eternally。

  Therefore; Evolved Individuals
  Put themselves last;
  And yet they are first。
  Put themselves outside;
  And yet they remain。

  Is it not because they are without self…interest
  That their interests succeed?

  8

  Noncompetitive Values

  The highest value is like water。

  The value in water benefits All Things;
  And yet it does not contend。
  It stays in places that others disdain;
  And therefore is close to the Tao。

  The value in a dwelling is location。
  The value in a mind is depth。
  The value in relations is benevo

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