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Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And how many are twice two feet�拭�count and tell me。
Boy。 Four�察�Socrates。
Soc。 And might there not be another square twice as large as this��
and having like this the lines equal��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And of how many feet will that be��
Boy。 Of eight feet。
Soc。 And now try and tell me the length of the line which forms
the side of that double square�此�this is two feet´what will that be��
Boy。 Clearly�察�Socrates�察�it will be double。
Soc。 Do you observe�察�Meno�察�that I am not teaching the boy
anything�察�but only asking him questions�察�and now he fancies that he
knows how long a line is necessary in order to produce a figure of
eight square feet�察�does he not��
Men。 Yes。
Soc。 And does he really know��
Men。 Certainly not。
Soc。 He only guesses that because the square is double�察�the line
is double。
Men。 True。
Soc。 Observe him while he recalls the steps in regular order。 ��To
the Boy。�� Tell me�察�boy�察�do you assert that a double space comes from a
double line�拭�Remember that I am not speaking of an oblong�察�but of a
figure equal every way�察�and twice the size of this´that is to say of
eight feet�察�and I want to know whether you still say that a double
square comes from double line��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 But does not this line become doubled if we add another such
line here��
Boy。 Certainly。
Soc。 And four such lines will make a space containing eight feet��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 Let us describe such a figure�此�Would you not say that this is
the figure of eight feet��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And are there not these four divisions in the figure�察�each of
which is equal to the figure of four feet��
Boy。 True。
Soc。 And is not that four times four��
Boy。 Certainly。
Soc。 And four times is not double��
Boy。 No�察�indeed。
Soc。 But how much��
Boy。 Four times as much。
Soc。 Therefore the double line�察�boy�察�has given a space�察�not twice��
but four times as much。
Boy。 True。
Soc。 Four times four are sixteen´are they not��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 What line would give you a space of right feet�察�as this gives
one of sixteen feet�察�do you see��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And the space of four feet is made from this half line��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 Good�察�and is not a space of eight feet twice the size of
this�察�and half the size of the other��
Boy。 Certainly。
Soc。 Such a space�察�then�察�will be made out of a line greater than
this one�察�and less than that one��
Boy。 Yes�察�I think so。
Soc。 Very good�察�I like to hear you say what you think。 And now
tell me�察�is not this a line of two feet and that of four��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 Then the line which forms the side of eight feet ought to be
more than this line of two feet�察�and less than the other of four feet��
Boy。 It ought。
Soc。 Try and see if you can tell me how much it will be。
Boy。 Three feet。
Soc。 Then if we add a half to this line of two�察�that will be the
line of three。 Here are two and there is one�察�and on the other side��
here are two also and there is one�此�and that makes the figure of which
you speak��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 But if there are three feet this way and three feet that way��
the whole space will be three times three feet��
Boy。 That is evident。
Soc。 And how much are three times three feet��
Boy。 Nine。
Soc。 And how much is the double of four��
Boy。 Eight。
Soc。 Then the figure of eight is not made out of a of three��
Boy。 No。
Soc。 But from what line�拭�tell me exactly�察�and if you would rather
not reckon�察�try and show me the line。
Boy。 Indeed�察�Socrates�察�I do not know。
Soc。 Do you see�察�Meno�察�what advances he has made in his power of
recollection�拭�He did not know at first�察�and he does not know now�察�what
is the side of a figure of eight feet�此�but then he thought that he
knew�察�and answered confidently as if he knew�察�and had no difficulty��
now he has a difficulty�察�and neither knows nor fancies that he knows。
Men。 True。
Soc。 Is he not better off in knowing his ignorance��
Men。 I think that he is。
Soc。 If we have made him doubt�察�and given him the ;torpedo's shock�察�
have we done him any harm��
Men。 I think not。
Soc。 We have certainly�察�as would seem�察�assisted him in some degree
to the discovery of the truth�察�and now he will wish to remedy his
ignorance�察�but then he would have been ready to tell all the world
again and again that the double space should have a double side。
Men。 True。
Soc。 But do you suppose that he would ever have enquired into or
learned what he fancied that he knew�察�though he was really ignorant of
it�察�until he had fallen into perplexity under the idea that he did not
know�察�and had desired to know��
Men。 I think not�察�Socrates。
Soc。 Then he was the better for the torpedo's touch��
Men。 I think so。
Soc。 Mark now the farther development。 I shall only ask him�察�and not
teach him�察�and he shall share the enquiry with me�此�and do you watch
and see if you find me telling or explaining anything to him��
instead of eliciting his opinion。 Tell me�察�boy�察�is not this a square
of four feet which I have drawn��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And now I add another square equal to the former one��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And a third�察�which is equal to either of them��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 Suppose that we fill up the vacant corner��
Boy。 Very good。
Soc。 Here�察�then�察�there are four equal spaces��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And how many times larger is this space than this other��
Boy。 Four times。
Soc。 But it ought to have been twice only�察�as you will remember。
Boy。 True。
Soc。 And does not this line�察�reaching from corner to corner��
bisect each of these spaces��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And are there not here four equal lines which contain this
space��
Boy。 There are。
Soc。 Look and see how much this space is。
Boy。 I do not understand。
Soc。 Has not each interior line cut off half of the four spaces��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And how many spaces are there in this section��
Boy。 Four。
Soc。 And how many in this��
Boy。 Two。
Soc。 And four is how many times two��
Boy。 Twice。
Soc。 And this space is of how many feet��
Boy。 Of eight feet。
Soc。 And from what line do you get this figure��
Boy。 From this。
Soc。 That is�察�from the line which extends from corner to corner of
the figure of four feet��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And that is the line which the learned call the diagonal。 And
if this is the proper name�察�then you�察�Meno's slave�察�are prepared to
affirm that the double space is the square of the diagonal��
Boy。 Certainly�察�Socrates。
Soc。 What do you say of him�察�Meno�拭�Were not all these answers
given out of his own head��
Men。 Yes�察�they were all his own。
Soc。 And yet�察�as we were just now saying�察�he did not know��
Men。 True。
Soc。 But still he had in him those notions of his´had he not��
Men。 Yes。
Soc。 Then he who does not know may still have true notions of that
which he does not know��
Men。 He has。
Soc。 And at present these notions have just been stirred up in
him�察�as in a dream�察�but if he were frequently asked the same
questions�察�in different forms�察�he would know as well as any one at
last��
Men。 I dare say。
Soc。 Without any one teaching him he will recover his knowledge
for himself�察�if he is only asked questions��
Men。 Yes。
Soc。 And this spontaneous recovery of knowledge in him is
recollection��
Men。 True。
Soc。 And this knowledge which he now has must he not either have
acquired or always possessed��
Men。 Yes。
Soc。 But if he always possessed this knowledge he would always
have known�察�or if he has acquired the knowledge he could not have
acquired it in this life�察�unless he has been taught geometry�察�for he
may be made to do the same with all geometry and every other branch of
knowledge。 Now�察�has any one ever taught him all this�拭�You must know
about him�察�if�察�as you say�察�he was born and bred in your house。
Men。 And I am certain that no one ever did teach him。
Soc。 And yet he has the knowledge��
Men。 The fact�察�Socrates�察�is undeniable。
Soc。 But if he did not acquire the knowledge in this life�察�then he
must have had and learned it at some other time��
Men。 Clearly he must。
Soc。 Which must have been the time when he was not a man��
Men。 Yes。
Soc。 And if there have been always true thoughts in him�察�both at the
time when he was and was not a man�察�which only need to be awakened
into knowledge by putting questions to him�察�his soul must have
always possessed this knowledge�察�for he always either was or was not a
man��
Men。 Obviously。
Soc。 And if the truth of all things always existed in the soul�察�then
the soul is immortal。 Wherefore be of good cheer�察�and try to recollect
what you do not know�察�or rather what you do not remember。
Men。 I feel�察�somehow�察�that I like what you are saying。
Soc。 And I�察�Meno�察�like what I am saying。 Some things I have said
of which I am not altogether confident。 But that we shall be better
and braver and less helpless if we think that we ought to enquire��
than we should have been if we indulged in the idle fancy that there
was no knowing and no use in seeking to know what we do not know�察�that
is a theme upon which I am ready to fight�察�in word and deed�察�to the
utmost of my power。
Men。 There again�察�Socrates�察�your words seem to me excellent。
Soc。 Then�察�as we are agreed that a man should enquire about that
which he does not know�察�shall you and I make an effort to enquire
together into the nature of virtue��
Men。 By all m