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  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 And how many are twice two feet�拭�count and tell me。



  Boy。 Four�察�Socrates。



  Soc。 And might there not be another square twice as large as this��



and having like this the lines equal��



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 And of how many feet will that be��



  Boy。 Of eight feet。



  Soc。 And now try and tell me the length of the line which forms



the side of that double square�此�this is two feet´what will that be��



  Boy。 Clearly�察�Socrates�察�it will be double。



  Soc。 Do you observe�察�Meno�察�that I am not teaching the boy



anything�察�but only asking him questions�察�and now he fancies that he



knows how long a line is necessary in order to produce a figure of



eight square feet�察�does he not��



  Men。 Yes。



  Soc。 And does he really know��



  Men。 Certainly not。



  Soc。 He only guesses that because the square is double�察�the line



is double。



  Men。 True。



  Soc。 Observe him while he recalls the steps in regular order。 ��To



the Boy。�� Tell me�察�boy�察�do you assert that a double space comes from a



double line�拭�Remember that I am not speaking of an oblong�察�but of a



figure equal every way�察�and twice the size of this´that is to say of



eight feet�察�and I want to know whether you still say that a double



square comes from double line��



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 But does not this line become doubled if we add another such



line here��



  Boy。 Certainly。



  Soc。 And four such lines will make a space containing eight feet��



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 Let us describe such a figure�此�Would you not say that this is



the figure of eight feet��



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 And are there not these four divisions in the figure�察�each of



which is equal to the figure of four feet��



  Boy。 True。



  Soc。 And is not that four times four��



  Boy。 Certainly。



  Soc。 And four times is not double��



  Boy。 No�察�indeed。



  Soc。 But how much��



  Boy。 Four times as much。



  Soc。 Therefore the double line�察�boy�察�has given a space�察�not twice��



but four times as much。



  Boy。 True。



  Soc。 Four times four are sixteen´are they not��



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 What line would give you a space of right feet�察�as this gives



one of sixteen feet�察�do you see��



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 And the space of four feet is made from this half line��



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 Good�察�and is not a space of eight feet twice the size of



this�察�and half the size of the other��



  Boy。 Certainly。



  Soc。 Such a space�察�then�察�will be made out of a line greater than



this one�察�and less than that one��



  Boy。 Yes�察�I think so。



  Soc。 Very good�察�I like to hear you say what you think。 And now



tell me�察�is not this a line of two feet and that of four��



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 Then the line which forms the side of eight feet ought to be



more than this line of two feet�察�and less than the other of four feet��



  Boy。 It ought。



  Soc。 Try and see if you can tell me how much it will be。



  Boy。 Three feet。



  Soc。 Then if we add a half to this line of two�察�that will be the



line of three。 Here are two and there is one�察�and on the other side��



here are two also and there is one�此�and that makes the figure of which



you speak��



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 But if there are three feet this way and three feet that way��



the whole space will be three times three feet��



  Boy。 That is evident。



  Soc。 And how much are three times three feet��



  Boy。 Nine。



  Soc。 And how much is the double of four��



  Boy。 Eight。



  Soc。 Then the figure of eight is not made out of a of three��



  Boy。 No。



  Soc。 But from what line�拭�tell me exactly�察�and if you would rather



not reckon�察�try and show me the line。



  Boy。 Indeed�察�Socrates�察�I do not know。



  Soc。 Do you see�察�Meno�察�what advances he has made in his power of



recollection�拭�He did not know at first�察�and he does not know now�察�what



is the side of a figure of eight feet�此�but then he thought that he



knew�察�and answered confidently as if he knew�察�and had no difficulty��



now he has a difficulty�察�and neither knows nor fancies that he knows。



  Men。 True。



  Soc。 Is he not better off in knowing his ignorance��



  Men。 I think that he is。



  Soc。 If we have made him doubt�察�and given him the ;torpedo's shock�察�



have we done him any harm��



  Men。 I think not。



  Soc。 We have certainly�察�as would seem�察�assisted him in some degree



to the discovery of the truth�察�and now he will wish to remedy his



ignorance�察�but then he would have been ready to tell all the world



again and again that the double space should have a double side。



  Men。 True。



  Soc。 But do you suppose that he would ever have enquired into or



learned what he fancied that he knew�察�though he was really ignorant of



it�察�until he had fallen into perplexity under the idea that he did not



know�察�and had desired to know��



  Men。 I think not�察�Socrates。



  Soc。 Then he was the better for the torpedo's touch��



  Men。 I think so。



  Soc。 Mark now the farther development。 I shall only ask him�察�and not



teach him�察�and he shall share the enquiry with me�此�and do you watch



and see if you find me telling or explaining anything to him��



instead of eliciting his opinion。 Tell me�察�boy�察�is not this a square



of four feet which I have drawn��



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 And now I add another square equal to the former one��



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 And a third�察�which is equal to either of them��



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 Suppose that we fill up the vacant corner��



  Boy。 Very good。



  Soc。 Here�察�then�察�there are four equal spaces��



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 And how many times larger is this space than this other��



  Boy。 Four times。



  Soc。 But it ought to have been twice only�察�as you will remember。



  Boy。 True。



  Soc。 And does not this line�察�reaching from corner to corner��



bisect each of these spaces��



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 And are there not here four equal lines which contain this



space��



  Boy。 There are。



  Soc。 Look and see how much this space is。



  Boy。 I do not understand。



  Soc。 Has not each interior line cut off half of the four spaces��



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 And how many spaces are there in this section��



  Boy。 Four。



  Soc。 And how many in this��



  Boy。 Two。



  Soc。 And four is how many times two��



  Boy。 Twice。



  Soc。 And this space is of how many feet��



  Boy。 Of eight feet。



  Soc。 And from what line do you get this figure��



  Boy。 From this。



  Soc。 That is�察�from the line which extends from corner to corner of



the figure of four feet��



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 And that is the line which the learned call the diagonal。 And



if this is the proper name�察�then you�察�Meno's slave�察�are prepared to



affirm that the double space is the square of the diagonal��



  Boy。 Certainly�察�Socrates。



  Soc。 What do you say of him�察�Meno�拭�Were not all these answers



given out of his own head��



  Men。 Yes�察�they were all his own。



  Soc。 And yet�察�as we were just now saying�察�he did not know��



  Men。 True。



  Soc。 But still he had in him those notions of his´had he not��



  Men。 Yes。



  Soc。 Then he who does not know may still have true notions of that



which he does not know��



  Men。 He has。



  Soc。 And at present these notions have just been stirred up in



him�察�as in a dream�察�but if he were frequently asked the same



questions�察�in different forms�察�he would know as well as any one at



last��



  Men。 I dare say。



  Soc。 Without any one teaching him he will recover his knowledge



for himself�察�if he is only asked questions��



  Men。 Yes。



  Soc。 And this spontaneous recovery of knowledge in him is



recollection��



  Men。 True。



  Soc。 And this knowledge which he now has must he not either have



acquired or always possessed��



  Men。 Yes。



  Soc。 But if he always possessed this knowledge he would always



have known�察�or if he has acquired the knowledge he could not have



acquired it in this life�察�unless he has been taught geometry�察�for he



may be made to do the same with all geometry and every other branch of



knowledge。 Now�察�has any one ever taught him all this�拭�You must know



about him�察�if�察�as you say�察�he was born and bred in your house。



  Men。 And I am certain that no one ever did teach him。



  Soc。 And yet he has the knowledge��



  Men。 The fact�察�Socrates�察�is undeniable。



  Soc。 But if he did not acquire the knowledge in this life�察�then he



must have had and learned it at some other time��



  Men。 Clearly he must。



  Soc。 Which must have been the time when he was not a man��



  Men。 Yes。



  Soc。 And if there have been always true thoughts in him�察�both at the



time when he was and was not a man�察�which only need to be awakened



into knowledge by putting questions to him�察�his soul must have



always possessed this knowledge�察�for he always either was or was not a



man��



  Men。 Obviously。



  Soc。 And if the truth of all things always existed in the soul�察�then



the soul is immortal。 Wherefore be of good cheer�察�and try to recollect



what you do not know�察�or rather what you do not remember。



  Men。 I feel�察�somehow�察�that I like what you are saying。



  Soc。 And I�察�Meno�察�like what I am saying。 Some things I have said



of which I am not altogether confident。 But that we shall be better



and braver and less helpless if we think that we ought to enquire��



than we should have been if we indulged in the idle fancy that there



was no knowing and no use in seeking to know what we do not know�察�that



is a theme upon which I am ready to fight�察�in word and deed�察�to the



utmost of my power。



  Men。 There again�察�Socrates�察�your words seem to me excellent。



  Soc。 Then�察�as we are agreed that a man should enquire about that



which he does not know�察�shall you and I make an effort to enquire



together into the nature of virtue��



  Men。 By all m

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