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an account of egypt(娃式芝)-及17何蛍

弌傍�� an account of egypt(娃式芝) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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Egyptians were distinguished from all other men�察�so was he from the other 

Egyptians。 

     After   these   things   they   said   this   king   went   down   alive   to   that   place 

which   by   the   Hellenes   is   called   Hades�察  �and   there   played   at   dice   with 

Demeter�察  �and   in   some       throws   he   overcame   her       and   in   others   he  was 

overcome   by   her�察  �and   he   came   back   again   having   as   a   gift   from   her   a 

handkerchief of gold�此�and they told me that because of the going down of 

Rhampsinitos the Egyptians after he came back celebrated a feast�察�which I 

know of my own knowledge also that they still observe even to my time�察�

but whether it is for this cause that they keep the feast or for some other�察�I 

am not able to say。 However�察�the priests weave a robe completely on the 

very day of the feast�察�and forthwith they bind up the eyes of one of them 

with a fillet�察�and having led him with the robe to the way by which one 

goes to   the temple   of   Demeter�察  �they  depart   back   again   themselves。 This 

priest�察�they say�察�with his eyes bound up is led by two wolves to the temple 

of   Demeter�察     �which    is  distant   from   the   city   twenty   furlongs�察    �and   then 

afterwards the   wolves lead him  back   again from  the   temple to the same 

spot。 Now as to the tales told by the Egyptians�察�any man may accept them 

to   whom   such   things   appear   credible�察  �as   for   me�察  �it   is   to   be   understood 

throughout the whole of the history that I write by hearsay that which is 

reported by the people in each place。 The Egyptians say that Demeter and 

Dionysos are rulers of the world below�察�and the Egyptians are also the first 

who reported the doctrine that the soul of man is immortal�察�and that when 

the body dies�察�the soul enters into another creature which chances then to 

be coming to the birth�察�and when it has gone the round of all the creatures 

of   land   and   sea   and   of   the   air�察  �it   enters   again   into   a   human   body   as   it 

comes   to   the   birth�察  �and   that   it   makes   this   round   in   a   period   of   three 

thousand years。 This doctrine certain Hellenes adopted�察�some earlier and 

some later�察�as if it were of their own invention�察�and of these men I know 

the names but I abstain from recording them。 

     Down   to   the   time   when   Rhampsinitos   was   king�察  �they   told   me   there 

was in   Egypt nothing   but   orderly rule�察 �and   Egypt prospered greatly�察  �but 

after him Cheops became king over them and brought them to every kind 



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of   evil�此  �for   he   shut   up   all   the   temples�察  �and   having   first   kept   them   from 

sacrifices   there�察  �he   then   bade   all   the   Egyptians   work   for   him。   So   some 

were   appointed   to   draw   stones   from   the   stone´quarries   in   the   Arabian 

mountains   to   the   Nile�察  �and   others   he   ordered   to   receive   the   stones   after 

they had been carried over the river in boats�察�and to draw them to those 

which   are   called   the   Libyan   mountains�察  �and   they   worked   by   a   hundred 

thousand       men     at  a  time�察   �for   each    three   months      continually。      Of   this 

oppression there passed ten years while the causeway was made by which 

they drew the stones�察�which causeway they built�察�and it is a work not much 

less�察  �as   it   appears   to   me�察  �than   the   pyramid�察  �for   the   length   of   it   is   five 

furlongs and the breadth ten fathoms and the height�察�where it is highest�察�

eight fathoms�察�and it is made of stone smoothed and with figures carved 

upon      it。  For   this   they    said�察  �the   ten   years    were     spent�察   �and    for   the 

underground he caused to be made as sepulchral chambers for himself in 

an    island�察  �having     conducted       thither   a  channel     from   the    Nile。    For   the 

making of the pyramid itself there passed a period of twenty years�察�and the 

pyramid is square�察�each side measuring eight hundred feet�察�and the height 

of it   is the   same。  It is   built of   stone   smoothed and   fitted together   in  the 

most perfect   manner�察 �not one of the stones   being less   than   thirty  feet   in 

length。   This   pyramid   was   made   after   the   manner   of   steps   which   some 

called   ;rows;   and   others   ;bases;�此  �and   when   they   had   first   made   it   thus�察�

they  raised   the   remaining   stones   with   machines   made   of   short   pieces   of 

timber�察�raising them first   from the   ground to  the first stage of   the   steps�察�

and   when   the   stone   got   up   to   this   it   was   placed   upon   another   machine 

standing   on   the   first   stage�察  �and so   from  this   it   was   drawn   to the   second 

upon another   machine�察  �for   as   many  as   were   the   courses   of the   steps�察  �so 

many  machines there were also�察�or perhaps they transferred one and   the 

same machine�察�made so as easily to be carried�察�to each stage successively�察�

in order that they might take up the stones�察�for let it be told in both ways�察�

according   as   it   is   reported。   However   that   may   be   the   highest   parts   of   it 

were   finished   first�察  �and   afterwards   they   proceeded   to   finish   that   which 

came next to them�察�and lastly they finished the parts of it near the ground 

and the lowest ranges。 On the pyramid it is declared in Egyptian writing 

how much was spent on radishes and onions and leeks for the workmen�察�



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and if I rightly remember that which the interpreter said in reading to me 

this inscription�察�a sum of one thousand six hundred talents of silver was 

spent�察�and if this is so�察�how much besides is likely to have been expended 

upon the iron with which they worked�察�and upon bread and clothing for 

the workmen�察�seeing that they were building the works for the time which 

has   been   mentioned   and   were   occupied   for   no   small   time   besides�察  �as   I 

suppose�察�in the  cutting and bringing   of the  stones and in   working at   the 

excavation under the ground�拭�Cheops moreover came�察�they said�察�to such a 

pitch   of   wickedness�察  �that   being   in   want   of   money   he   caused   his   own 

daughter   to   sit   in   the   stews�察  �and   ordered   her   to   obtain   from   those   who 

came a certain amount of money ��how much it was they did not tell me���此�

and she not only obtained   the sum appointed by  her father�察�but also  she 

formed a design for herself privately to leave behind her a memorial�察�and 

she   requested   each   man   who   came   in   to   give   her   one   stone   upon   her 

building�此�and of these stones�察�they told me�察�the pyramid was built which 

stands in front of the great pyramid in the middle of the three�察�each side 

being one hundred and fifty feet in length。 

     This Cheops�察�the Egyptians said�察�reigned fifty years�察�and after he was 

dead his brother Chephren succeeded to the kingdom。 This king followed 

the same manner of dealing as the other�察�both in all the rest and also in that 

he   made   a   pyramid�察  �not   indeed   attaining   to   the   measurements   of   that 

which was built by the former ��this I know�察�having myself also measured 

it���察�and moreover there are no underground chambers beneath nor does a 

channel come from the Nile flowing to this one as to the other�察�in which 

the   water   coming   through   a   conduit   built   for   it   flows   round   an   island 

within�察�where they say that Cheops himself is laid�此�but for a basement he 

built the first course of Ethiopian stone of divers colours�察�and this pyramid 

he made forty feet lower than the other as regards size�察�building it close to 

the great pyramid。 These stand both upon the same hill�察�which is about a 

hundred   feet   high。 And   Chephren   they   said   reigned   fifty   and   six   years。 

Here then they reckon one hundred and six years�察�during which they say 

that   there   was   nothing   but   evil   for   the   Egyptians�察  �and   the   temples   were 

kept closed and not opened during all that time。 These kings the Egyptians 

by reason of their hatred of them are not very willing to name�察�nay�察�they 



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even call the pyramids after the name of Philitis the shepherd�察�who at that 

time   pastured   flocks   in   those   regions。   After   him�察  �they   said�察  �Mykerinos 

became   king   over   Egypt�察  �who   was   the   son   of   Cheops�察  �and   to   him   his 

father's deeds were displeasing�察�and he both opened the temples and gave 

liberty to the people�察�who were ground down to the last extremity of evil�察�

to   return    to  their   own    business     and   to  their   sacrifices�此   �also   he   gave 

decisions of their causes juster than those of all the other kings besides。 In 

regard to this then they commend this king more than all the other kings 

who had arisen in Egypt before him�察�for he not only gave good decisions�察�

but also when a man complained of the decision�察�he gave him recompense 

from   his   own   goods   and   thus   satisfied   his   desire。   But   while   Mykerinos 

was acting mercifully to his subjects and practising this conduct which has 

been said�察�calamities befell him�察�of which the first was this�察�namely that 

his   daughter   died�察  �the   only   child   whom   he   had   in   his   house�此  �and   being 

above   measure   grieved   by   that   which   had   befallen   him�察  �and   desiring   to 

bury   his   daughter   in   a   manner   more   remarkable   than   others�察  �he   

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