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Tales of Troy
Tales of Troy
by Andrew Lang
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Tales of Troy
THE BOYHOOD AND PARENTS
OF ULYSSES
Long ago�察�in a little island called Ithaca�察�on the west coast of Greece�察�
there lived a king named Laertes。 His kingdom was small and
mountainous。 People used to say that Ithaca ;lay like a shield upon the
sea�察─�which sounds as if it were a flat country。 But in those times shields
were very large�察 �and rose at the middle into two peaks with a hollow
between them�察�so that Ithaca�察�seen far off in the sea�察�with her two chief
mountain peaks�察�and a cloven valley between them�察�looked exactly like a
shield。 The country was so rough that men kept no horses�察 �for�察 �at that
time�察 �people drove�察 �standing up in little light chariots with two horses�察�
they never rode�察 �and there was no cavalry in battle�此�men fought from
chariots。 When Ulysses�察�the son of Laertes�察�King of Ithaca grew up�察�he
never fought from a chariot�察�for he had none�察�but always on foot。
If there were no horses in Ithaca�察 �there was plenty of cattle。 The
father of Ulysses had flocks of sheep�察�and herds of swine�察�and wild goats�察�
deer�察�and hares lived in the hills and in the plains。 The sea was full of
fish of many sorts�察�which men caught with nets�察�and with rod and line and
hook。
Thus Ithaca was a good island to live in。 The summer was long�察�and
there was hardly any winter�察�only a few cold weeks�察�and then the swallows
came back�察 �and the plains were like a garden�察 �all covered with wild
flowersviolets�察 �lilies�察 �narcissus�察 �and roses。 With the blue sky and the
blue sea�察 �the island was beautiful。 White temples stood on the shores�察�
and the Nymphs�察 �a sort of fairies�察 �had their little shrines built of stone�察�
with wild rose´bushes hanging over them。
Other islands lay within sight�察 �crowned with mountains�察 �stretching
away�察�one behind the other�察�into the sunset。 Ulysses in the course of his
life saw many rich countries�察�and great cities of men�察�but�察�wherever he was�察�
his heart was always in the little isle of Ithaca�察�where he had learned how
to row�察�and how to sail a boat�察�and how to shoot with bow and arrow�察�and
to hunt boars and stags�察�and manage his hounds。
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Tales of Troy
The mother of Ulysses was called Anticleia�此 �she was the daughter of
King Autolycus�察�who lived near Parnassus�察�a mountain on the mainland。
This King Autolycus was the most cunning of men。 He was a Master
Thief�察�and could steal a man's pillow from under his head�察�but he does not
seem to have been thought worse of for this。 The Greeks had a God of
Thieves�察 �named Hermes�察 �whom Autolycus worshipped�察 �and people
thought more good of his cunning tricks than harm of his dishonesty。
Perhaps these tricks of his were only practised for amusement�察�however
that may be�察�Ulysses became as artful as his grandfather�察�he was both the
bravest and the most cunning of men�察 �but Ulysses never stole things�察�
except once�察�as we shall hear�察�from the enemy in time of war。 He showed
his cunning in stratagems of war�察�and in many strange escapes from giants
and man´eaters。
Soon after Ulysses was born�察�his grandfather came to see his mother
and father in Ithaca。 He was sitting at supper when the nurse of Ulysses�察�
whose name was Eurycleia�察�brought in the baby�察�and set him on the knees
of Autolycus�察�saying�察 �Find a name for your grandson�察�for he is a child of
many prayers。;
;I am very angry with many men and women in the world�察─ �said
Autolycus�察 �so let the child's name be A MAN OF WRATH�察─ �which�察 �in
Greek�察 �was Odysseus。 So the child was called Odysseus by his own
people�察 �but the name was changed into Ulysses�察 �and we shall call him
Ulysses。
We do not know much about Ulysses when he was a little boy�察�except
that he used to run about the garden with his father�察�asking questions�察�and
begging that he might have fruit trees ;for his very own。; He was a great
pet�察�for his parents had no other son�察�so his father gave him thirteen pear
trees�察�and forty fig trees�察�and promised him fifty rows of vines�察�all covered
with grapes�察�which he could eat when he liked�察�without asking leave of the
gardener。 So he was not tempted to steal fruit�察�like his grandfather。
When Autolycus gave Ulysses his name�察�he said that he must come to
stay with him�察�when he was a big boy�察�and he would get splendid presents。
Ulysses was told about this�察�so�察�when he was a tall lad�察�he crossed the sea
and drove in his chariot to the old man's house on Mount Parnassus。
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Everybody welcomed him�察 �and next day his uncles and cousins and he
went out to hunt a fierce wild boar�察 �early in the morning。 Probably
Ulysses took his own dog�察�named Argos�察�the best of hounds�察�of which we
shall hear again�察�long afterwards�察�for the dog lived to be very old。 Soon
the hounds came on the scent of a wild boar�察�and after them the men went�察�
with spears in their hands�察�and Ulysses ran foremost�察�for he was already
the swiftest runner in Greece。
He came on a great boar lying in a tangled thicket of boughs and
bracken�察�a dark place where the sun never shone�察�nor could the rain pierce
through。 Then the noise of the men's shouts and the barking of the dogs
awakened the boar�察�and up he sprang�察�bristling all over his back�察�and with
fire shining from his eyes。 In rushed Ulysses first of all�察�with his spear
raised to strike�察�but the boar was too quick for him�察�and ran in�察�and drove
his sharp tusk sideways�察�ripping up the thigh of Ulysses。 But the boar's
tusk missed the bone�察 �and Ulysses sent his sharp spear into the beast's
right shoulder�察�and the spear went clean through�察�and the boar fell dead�察�
with a loud cry。 The uncles of Ulysses bound up his wound carefully�察�
and sang a magical song over it�察�as the French soldiers wanted to do to
Joan of Arc when the arrow pierced her shoulder at the siege of Orleans。
Then the blood ceased to flow�察�and soon Ulysses was quite healed of his
wound。 They thought that he would be a good warrior�察 �and gave him
splendid presents�察 �and when he went home again he told all that had
happened to his father and mother�察 �and his nurse�察 �Eurycleia。 But there
was always a long white mark or scar above his left knee�察�and about that
scar we shall hear again�察�many years afterwards。
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HOW PEOPLE LIVED IN THE
TIME OF ULYSSES
When Ulysses was a young man he wished to marry a princess of his
own rank。 Now there were at that time many kings in Greece�察�and you
must be told how they lived。 Each king had his own little kingdom�察�with
his chief town�察 �walled with huge walls of enormous stone。 Many of
these walls are still standing�察�though the grass has grown over the ruins of
most of them�察�and in later years�察�men believed that those walls must have
been built by giants�察�the stones are so enormous。 Each king had nobles
under him�察�rich men�察�and all had their palaces�察�each with its courtyard�察�and
its long hall�察�where the fire burned in the midst�察�and the King and Queen
sat beside it on high thrones�察 �between the four chief carved pillars that
held up the roof。 The thrones were made of cedar wood and ivory�察�inlaid
with gold�察�and there were many other chairs and small tables for guests�察�
and the walls and doors were covered with bronze plates�察 �and gold and
silver�察�and sheets of blue glass。 Sometimes they were painted with pictures
of bull hunts�察 �and a few of these pictures may still be seen。 At night
torches were lit�察�and placed in the hands of golden figures of boys�察�but all
the smoke of fire and torches escaped by a hole in the roof�察�and made the
ceiling black。 On the walls hung swords and spears and helmets and
shields�察�which needed to be often cleaned from the stains of the smoke。
The minstrel or poet sat beside the King and Queen�察�and�察�after supper he
struck his harp�察�and sang stories of old wars。 At night the King and Queen
slept in their own place�察�and the women in their own rooms�察�the princesses
had their chambers upstairs�察�and the young princes had each his room built
separate in the courtyard。
There were bath rooms with polished baths�察�where guests were taken
when they arrived dirty from a journey。 The guests lay at night on beds
in the portico�察�for the climate was warm。 There were plenty of servants�察�
who were usually slaves taken in war�察�but they were very kindly treated�察�
and were friendly with