an autobiography-第2部分

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CHAPTER　9　　Holiday　in　the　Manufacturing　Districts　Coaching　trip　to　Liverpool　Coventry　English　scenery　'The　Rocket'　The　two　Stephensons　Opening　of　the　railway　William　Fawcett　Birkenhead　Walk　back　to　London　Patricroft　Manchester　Edward　Tootal　Sharp；　Roberts　and　Co。　Manchester　industry　Coalbrookdale　The　Black　Country　Dudley　Castle　Wren's　Nest　Hill　Birmingham　Boulton　and　Watt　William　Murdoch　John　Drain　KenilworthWarwickOxfordWindsorLondon


CHAPTER　10　　Begin　Business　at　Manchester　Stamping　machine　improved　Astronomical　instruments　A　reflecting　telescope　proposed　Death　of　Maudslay　Joshua　Field　'Talking　books'　Leave　Maudslay　and　Field　Take　temporary　workshop　in　Edinburgh　Archie　Torry　Construct　a　rotary　steam…engine　Prepare　a　stock　of　machine　tools　Visit　to　Liverpool　John　Cragg　Visit　to　Manchester　John　Kennedy　Grant　Brothers　Take　a　workshop　Tools　removed　to　Manchester　A　prosperous　business　begun　Story　of　the　brothers　Grant　Trip　to　Elgin　and　Castle　Grant　The　brothers　Cowper　The　printing　machine　Edward　Cowper


CHAPTER　11　　Bridgewater　FoundryPartnership　Demand　for　skilled　labour　Machine　tools　in　request　My　flat　overloaded　A　crash　among　the　decanters　The　land　at　Patricroft　Lease　from　Squire　Trafford　Bridgewater　Foundary　begun　Trip　to　Londonderry　The　Giant's　Causeway　Cottage　at　Barton　The　Bridgewater　canal　Lord　Francis　Egerton　Safety　foundry　ladle　Holbrook　Gaskell　taken　as　partner　His　eventual　retirement


CHAPTER　12　　Free　Trade　in　AbilityThe　StrikeDeath　of　my　Father　Hugo　de　Lupus　The　Peter　Stubb's　files　Worsley　labourers　Promotion　from　the　ranks　Free　trade　in　ability　Foreman　lieutenants；　Archie　Torry　James　Hutton　John　Clarke　Thomas　Crewdson　Trades'　Union　interference　A　strike　ordered　Workman　advertised　for　A　reinforcement　of　Scotch　mechanics　The　strike　scotched　Millwrights　and　engineers　Indenture…bound　apprentices　Visits　of　my　father　Enthusiastic　reception　His　last　work　His　death　Testimony　of　Sir　David　Wilkie


CHAPTER　13　　My　MarriageThe　Steam　Hammer　Preparations　for　a　home　Influence　of　chance　occurrences　Visit　to　Mr。　Hartop's　near　Barnsley　Important　interview　Eventual　marriage　Great　Western　Railway　locomotives　Mr。　Humphries　and　'Great　Western'　steamship　Forging　of　paddle…shaft　Want　of　range　of　existing　hammers　The　first　steam　hammer　sketched　Its　arrangement　The　paddle　shaft　abandoned　My　sketch　copied　and　adopted　My　visit　to　Creuzot　Find　steam　hammer　in　operation　A　patent　taken　out　First　steam　hammer　made　in　England　Its　general　adoption　Patent　secured　for　United　States


CHAPTER　14　　Travels　in　France　and　Italy　The　French　Minister　of　Marine　at　Paris　RouenBayeuxCherbourgBrestRochefortIndret　M。　Rosine　Architecture　of　Nismes　MarseillesToulonVoyage　to　NaplesGenoaPisa　Bay　of　Naples　The　National　Museum　Visit　to　Vesuvius　The　edge　of　the　crater　Volcanic　commotion　Overflows　of　burning　lava　Wine…shop　at　Rosina　Return　ride　to　Naples


CHAPTER　15　　Steam　Hammer　Pile…driver　The　Royal　Dockyards　Steam　hammer　for　Devonport　Scene　at　the　first　stroke　My　Lords　of　the　Admiralty　Steam　hammer　pile…driver　required　The　new　docks　at　Devonport　The　pile…driver　delivered　Its　description　Trail　against　the　old　method　Its　general　adoption　Happy　thoughts　Testing　of　chain　cables　and　anchors　Causes　of　failure　Punctilliousness　of　officials　at　royal　dockyards　Egyptian　workman　employed　Affiffi　Lalli　Letter　from　Faraday


CHAPTER　16　　NurembergSt。　PetersburgDannemora。　Visit　to　Nuremberg　Albert　Durer　Adam　Krafft　Visit　to　St。　Petersburg　General　Wilson　General　Greg　Struve　the　astronomer　Palaces　and　shops　Ivy　ornamentation　The　Emperor　Nicholas　a　royal　salute　Francis　Baird　Work　of　Russian　serfs　The　Izak　Church　Voyage　to　Stokholm　Visit　to　Upsala　The　iron　mines　of　Dannemora　To　Gottenburg　by　steamer　Motala　Trollhatten　Falls　Sweedish　people　Copenhagen　Tycho　Brahe；　Zeland　and　Holstein　Holland；　and　return


CHAPTER　17　　More　about　Bridgewater　FoundryWoolwich　Arsenal　Increased　demand　for　self…acting　tools　Promotions　of　lads　The　Trades'　Union　again　Strike　against　Platt　Brothers　Edward　Tootal's　advice　Friendliness　between　engineering　firms　Small　high…pressure　engines　Uses　of　waste　steam　Improvements　in　calico…printing　Improvements　at　Woolwich　Arsenal　Enlargement　of　workshops　Improved　machine　tools　The　gun　foundry　and　laboratories　Orders　for　Spain　and　Russia　Rope　factory　machinery　Russian　Officers　Grand　Duke　Constantine　Lord　Ellesmere's　visitors　Admiral　Kornileff


CHAPTER　18　　Astronomical　pursuits　Hobbies　at　home　Drawing　Washington　Irving　Pursuit　of　astronomy　Wonders　of　the　heavens　Construction　of　a　new　speculum　William　Lassell　Warren　de　la　Rue　Home…made　reflecting　telescope　A　ghost　at　Patricroft　Twenty…inch　diameter　speculum　Drawings　of　the　moon's　surface　Structure　of　the　moon　Lunar　craters　Pico　Wrinkles　of　age　Extinct　craters　Landscape　scenery　of　the　moon　Meeting　of　British　Association　at　Edinburgh　The　Bass　Rock　Professor　Owen　Robert　Chambers　The　grooved　rocks　Hugh　Miller　and　boulder　clay　Lecture　on　the　moon　Visit　the　Duke　of　Argyll　Basaltic　formation　at　Mull　The　Giant's　Causeway　The　great　exhibition　Steam　hammer　engine　Prize　medals　Interview　with　the　Queen　and　Prince　Consort　Lord　Cockburn　Visit　to　Bonally　D。　O。　Hill


CHAPTER　19　　More　about　Astronomy　Sir　David　Brewster　Edward　Cowper's　lecture　Cause　of　the　sun's　light　Lord　Murray　Sir　T。　Mitchell　The　Milky　Way　Countless　suns　Infusoria　in　Bridgewater　Canal　Rotary　movements　of　heavenly　bodies　Geological　Society　meeting　Dr　Vaugham　Improvement　of　Small　Arms　Factory；　Enfield　Generosity　of　United　States　Government　The　Enfield　Rifle


CHAPTER　20　　Retirement　from　Business　Letter　from　David　Roberts；　R。　A。　Puddling　iron　by　steam　The　process　tried　Sir　Henry　Bessemer's　invention　Discussion　at　Cheltenham　Bessemer's　account　Prepare　to　retire　from　business　The　Countess　of　Ellesmere　The　〃Cottage　in　Kent〃　The　〃antibilious　stock〃　Hammerfield；　Penshurst　Planting　and　gardening　The　Crystal　Palace　Music　Tools　and　telescopes　The　greenhouse


CHAPTER　21　　Active　leisure　　Astronomy　Lecture　on　the　Moon　Edinburgh　Old　friends　Visit　to　the　ContinentParis；　Chartres；　Nismes；　Chamounix　Art　of　photography　Sir　John　Herschel　Spots　on　the　sun's　surface　E。J。　Stone　De　la　Rue　Visit　from　Sir　John　Herschel　Cracking　glass　globe　A　million　spots　and　letters　Geological　diagram　Father　Secchi　at　Rome　Lord　Lyndhurst　Visit　to　Herschel　His　last　letter　Publication　of　The　Moon　Philip　H。　Calderon　Cardinal　Manning　Miss　Herschel　William　Lassell　Windmill　grinding　of　speculum　The　dial　of　life　End　of　recollections

List　of　Inventions　and　Contrivances

Articles　on　the　Sun…Ray　origin　of　the　Pyramids　and　Cuneiform　Character




AUTOBIOGRAPHY。


CHAPTER　1。　　My　Ancestry

Our　history　begins　before　we　are　born。　　We　represent　the　hereditary　influences　of　our　race；　and　our　ancestors　virtually　live　in　us。　The　sentiment　of　ancestry　seems　to　be　inherent　in　human　nature；　especially　in　the　more　civilised　races。　　At　all　events；　we　cannot　help　having　a　due　regard　for　the　history　of　our　forefathers。　　Our　curiosity　is　stimulated　by　their　immediate　or　indirect　influence　upon　ourselves。　It　may　be　a　generous　enthusiasm；　or；　as　some　might　say；　a　harmless　vanity；　to　take　pride　in　the　honour　of　their　name。　　The　gifts　of　nature；　however；　are　more　valuable　than　those　of　fortune；　and　no　line　of　ancestry；　however　honourable；　can　absolve　us　from　the　duty　of　diligent　application　and　perseverance；　or　from　the　practice　of　the　virtues　of　self…control　and　self…help。

Sir　Bernard　Burke；　in　his　Peerage　and　Baronetage　Ed　1879　Pp　885…6；　gives　a　faithful　account　of　the　ancestors　from　whom　I　am　lineally　descended。　　〃The　family　of　Naesymth；　he　says；　〃is　one　of　remote　antiquity　in　Tweeddale；　and　has　possessed　lands　there　since　the　13th　century。〃　　They　fought　in　the　wars　of　Bruce　and　Baliol；　which　ended　in　the　independence　of　Scotland。

The　following　is　the　family　legend　of　the　origin　of　the　name　of　Naesymth：　

In　the　troublous　times　which　prevailed　in　Scotland　before　the　union　of　the　Crowns；　the　feuds　between　the　King　and　the　Barons　were　almost　constant。　　In　the　reign　of　James　III。　the　House　of　Douglas　was　the　most　prominent　and　ambitious。　　The　Earl　not　only　resisted　his　liege　lord；　but　entered　into　a　combination　with　the　King　of　England；　from　whom　he　received　a　pension。　　He　was　declared　a　rebel；　and　his　estates　were　confiscated。　　He　determined　to　resist　the　royal　power；　and　crossed　the　Border　with　his　followers。　　He　was　met　by　the　Earl　of　Angus；　the　Maxwells；　the　Johnstons；　and　the　Scotts。　　In　one　of　the　engagements　which　ensued　the　Douglases　appeared　to　have　gained　the　day；　when　an　ancestor　of　the　Naesmyths；　who　fought　under　the　royal　standard；　took　refuge　in　the　smithy　of　a　neighbouring　village。　　The　smith　offered　him　protection；　disguised　him　as　a　hammerman；　with　a　leather　apron　in　front；　and　asked　him　to　lend　a　hand　at　his　work。

While　thus　engaged　a　party　of　the　Douglas　partisans　entered　the　smithy。　They　looked　with　suspicion　on　the　disguised　hammerman；　who；　in　his　agitation；　struck　a　false　blow　with　the　sledge　hammer；　which　broke　the　shaft　in　two。　　Upon　this；　one　of　the　pursuers　rushed　at　him；　calling　out；　〃Ye're　nae　smyth！〃　　The　stalwart　hammerman　turned　upon　his　assailant；　and；　wrenching　a　dagger　from　him；　speedily　overpowered　him。　The　smith　himself；　armed　with　a　big　hammer；　effectually　aided　in　overpowering　and　driving　out　the　Douglas　men。　　A　party　of　the　royal　forces　made　their　appearance；　when　Naesmyth　rallied　them；　led　them　against　the　rebels；　and　converted　what　had　been　a　temporary　defeat　into　a　victory。　　A　grant　of　lands　was　bestowed　upon　him　for　his　service。　His　armorial　bearings　consisted　of　a　hand　dexter　with　a　dagger；　between　two　broken　hammer…shafts；　and　there　they　remain　to　this　day。　　The　motto　was；　Non　arte　sect　marte；　〃Not　by　art　but　by　war〃　In　my　time　I　have　reversed　the　motto　（Non　marte　sed　arte）；　and　instead　of　the　broken　hammer…shafts；　I　have　adopted；　not　as　my　〃arms〃　but　as　a　device；　the　most　potent　form　of　mechanical　artthe　Steam　Hammer。

＇Image＇　Origin　of　the　Name。　　By　James　Nasmyth。

Sir　Michael　Naesmyth；　Chamberlain　of　the　Archbishop　of　St。　Andrews；　obtained　the　lands　of　Posso　and　Glenarth　in　1544；　by　right　of　his　wife；　Elizabeth；　daughter　and　heiress　of　John　Baird　of　Posso。　　The　Bairds　have　ever　been　a　loyal　and　gallant　family。　　Sir　Gilbert；　father　of　John　B