cyropaedia-第39部分

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whom　you　convince　will　show　it　well　enough　by　what　they　do。　＇48＇　I
leave　you　then；〃　he　added；　〃to　the　careful　study　of　your　parts：　mine
is　to　see；　so　far　as　in　me　lies；　that　our　troops　are　provided　with　all
they　need；　before　we　hold　the　council　of　war。〃


　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　NOTES

C。1。　Cyrus'　generosity：　he　is　not　cold；　not　incapable　of　soft
pleasure；　but　too　pre…occupied　with　greater　things。　On　the　whole；　if　a
hedonist；　this　type　of　man；　a　hedonist　that　=　a　stoic　（cf。　Socrates；
H。　Sidgwick；　also　J。　P。）。

C1。4；　init。　Well　told：　we　feel　the　character　of　Araspas　at　once；　as
soon　as　he　opens　his　lips。

C1。4；　med。　An　Eastern　picture。　She　is　one　of　the　Bible　women；　as
Gadatas　and　Gobryas　are　brothers　of　Barzillai；　she　is　sister　of　Ruth
or　Susanna　or　Judith　or　Bathsheba。　Perhaps　she　is　nobler　than　any　of
them。　She　is　also　the　sister　of　the　Greek　tragedy　women；　Antigone；
Alcestis；　especially　Euripidean　is　she：　no　doubt　she　is　sister　to　the
great　women　of　all　lands。

C1。10　ff。　Xenophon；　Moralist。　Cf。　/Memorabilia/　for　a　similar
philosophical　difficulty　about　the　will　and　knowledge。　And　for　this
raising　of　ethical　problems　in　an　artistic　setting　of　narrative；　cf。
Lyly。　I　see　a　certain　resemblance　between　the　times　and　the　writers'
minds。　/Vide/　J。　A。　Symonds　on　the　predecessors　of　Shakespeare。
Araspas'　point　is　that　these　scamps　have　only　themselves　to　blame；
being　｛akrateis｝；　and　then　they　turn　round　and　accuse　love。　（We　are
thrown　back　on　the　origin　of　｛akrasia｝：　/vide　Memorabilia/　＇e。g。　I。
ii。　v。；　IV。　v。＇　for　such　answer　as　we　can　get　to　that　question。）
Whereas　the　｛kaloi　kagathoi｝　desire　strongly　but　can　curb　their
desires。

C1。13。　Shows　a　confidence　in　the　healthy　action　of　the　will。　When
Araspas　himself　is　caught　later　on　he　develops　the　theory　of　a　double
self；　a　higher　and　a　lower　（so　hgd。；　and　so；　I　think；　Xenophon　and
Socrates。　/Vide　Memorabilia/）。

C1。16；　fin。　Cyrus　｜｜　Socrates；　his　prototype　here。

C1。18。　Very　natural　and　beautiful。　Xenophon　sympathetic　with　such　a
beautiful　humanity。　The　woman's　nature　brought　out　by　these　touches。
Xenophon；　Dramatist：　the　moral　problem　is　subordinate；　that　is　to　say；
is　made　to　grow　out　of　the　dramatic　action　and　characterisation。

C1。20。　Notice　the　absolutely　fair　and　warrantable　diplomatic　advantage
given　to　the　archic　man：　each　step　he　takes　opens　up　new　avenues　of
progress。　Herein　is　fulfilled　〃to　him　who　hath　shall　be　given；〃　but
Cyrus　plays　his　part　also；　he　has　the　wisdom　of　serpents　with　the
gentleness　of　doves。

C1。21。　This　is　the　true　rhetoric；　the　right　road　to　persuasiveness；　to
be　absolutely　frank。

C1。24。　The　desire　to　be　ruled　by　the　archic　man；　which　the　archomenoi
i。e。　all　menfeel；　is　thus　manifest。　Notice　again　how　the　Mede's
own　character　is　maintained：　he　speaks　as　he　felt　then。

C2。8。　The　bridegroom　will　be　found　to　be　Hystaspas；　but　we　have　no
suspicion　as　yet；　without　looking　on。

C2。9。　In　this　interview　Cyrus'　character　still　further　developed。　/Ex
ore　Cyri。/；　Xenophon　propounds　his　theory　of　the　latent　virtue　in　man；
which　only　needs　an　opportunity　to　burst　forth；　but；　this　lacking；
remains　unrevealed。　Now　it　is　a　great　godsend　to　get　such　a　chance。　It
is　thoroughly　Hellenic；　or　Xenophon…Socratic；　this　feeling；　〃Give　me　a
chance　to　show　my　virtue。〃　（But　has　Cyrus　a　touch　of　superhuman
conscious　rectitude？）

C2。12。　The　same　thought　again：　it　is　full　of　delicacy　and　spiritual
discernment：　the　more　one　ponders　it　the　more　one　feels　that。

C2。12；　fin。　For　Hellenic　or　Xenophontine　or　old…world　theory　of　the
misfortunes　which　befall　the　virtuous；　/vide/　Homer；　/vide/　Book　of
Job　（Satan）；　/vide/　Tragedians。

C2。15。　Cf。　the　/Economist/　for　praise　of　rural　simplicity。　It　is
Xenophon　/ipsissimus/。

C2。17。　Whose　bad　manners　is　Xenophon　thinking　of？　Thebans'？

C2。20；　fin。　A　very　noble　sentence。　The　man　who　utters　it　and　the
people　whose　heart　and　mind　it　emanates　from　must　be　of　a　high　order；
and　in　the　/Memorabilia/　Socrates　has　this　highest　praise；　that　he
studied　to　make　himself　and　/all　others　also/　as　good　as　possible。

C2。21。　Notice　the　practical　answer　of　Cyrus　to　this　panegyric　（cf。　J。
P。）。

C2。32。　Prolix；　Xenophontic。

C3。6　ff。　Here　also　I　feel　the　mind　of　Xenophon　shimmering　under
various　lights。　The　/Cyropaedia/　is　shot　with　Orientalism。　Homeric
Epicismantique　Hellenism　and　modern　Hellenism　are　both　there。
Spartan　simplicity　and　Eastern　quaintness　both　say　their　say。　In　this
passage　the　biblical　element　seems　almost　audible。

C3。7。　This　is　in　the　grand　style；　Oriental；　dilatory；　ponderous；
savouring　of　times　when　battles　were　affairs　of　private　arrangement
between　monarchs　and　hedged　about　by　all　the　punctilios　of　an　affair
of　honour。

C3。12。　N。B。The　archic　man　shows　a　very　ready　wit　and　inventiveness
in　the　great　art　of　〃grab〃　in　war；　though　as　he　said　to　his　father　he
was　〃a　late　learner〃　in　such　matters。　Cf。　in　modern　times　the　duties
of　a　detective　or　some　such　disagreeable　office。　G。　O。　Trevelyan　as
Irish　secretary。　Interesting　for　/war　ethics/　in　the　abstract；　and　for
Xenophon's　view；　which　is　probably　Hellenic。　Cyrus　now　has　the
opportunity　of　carrying　out　the　selfish　decalogue；　the　topsy…turvy
morality　set　forth　in　I。　C。6；　C。26　ff。

C3。13。　Cf。　Old　Testament　for　the　sort　of　subterfuges　and　preparations；
e。g。　the　Gibeonites。

C3。15。　The　archic　man　has　no　time。　Cyrus　｛ou　skholazei｝。　Cf。　J。　P。　It
comes　from　energy　combined　with　high　gifts　of　organisation；　economic；
architectonic。

C3。19。　Nice；　I　think；　this　contrasting　of　spiritual　and　natural
productiveness。

C3。32。　Here　is　the　rule　of　conduct　clearly　expressed；　nor　do　I　see　how
a　military　age　could　frame　for　itself　any　other。　Christianity　only
emerged　/sub　pace　Romana/；　which　for　fraternal　brotherhood　was　the
fullness　of　time；　and　even　in　the　commercial　age　the　nations　tumble
back　practically　into　the　old　system。

C3。36　ff。　An　army　on　forced　march：　are　there　any　novelties　here？

C3。53。　These　minute　details　probably　not　boring　at　the　time；　but
interesting　rather；　perhaps　useful。

C4。13。　Cyrus　resembles　Fawcett　in　his　unselfish　self…estimate。　Gadatas
is　like　the　British　public；　or　hgd。

C4。16。　Here　we　feel　that　the　Assyrian　is　not　a　mere　weakling：　he　can
play　his　part　well　enough　if　he　gets　a　good　chance。　It　needs　an　Archic
and　Strategic　Man　to　overpower　him。

C4。17。　ANCIENT　and　MODERN　parallelism　in　treatment　of　wounded。

C4。24。　Hellenic　war　ethics：　non…combatant　tillers　of　the　soil　to　be
let　alone。　Is　this　a　novelty？　If　not；　what　is　the　prototype？　Did　the
modern　rights　of　non…combatants　so　originate？

C4。27；　fin。　A　touch　which　gives　the　impression　of　real　history：　that
is　the　art　of　it。

C4。34。　Almost　autobiographical：　the　advantage　of　having　a　country　seat
in　the　neighbourhood　of　a　big　town。　Here　we　feel　the　MODERNISM　of
XENOPHON。　The　passage　which　Stevenson　chose　for　the　motto　to　his
/Silverado　Squatters/　would　suit　Xenophon　very　well　（Cicero；　De　Off。
I。　xx。）。　Xenophon　｜｜　Alfred　Tennyson。　＇Mr。　Dakyns　used　the　geometric
sign　｜｜　to　indicate　parallelism　of　any　sort。　The　passage　from　Cicero
might　be　translated　thus：　〃Some　have　lived　in　the　country；　content
with　the　happiness　of　home。　These　men　have　enjoyed　all　that　kings
could　claim；　needing　nothing；　under　the　dominion　of　no　man；
untrammelled　and　in　freedom；　for　the　free　man　lives　as　he　chooses。〃＇

C4。36。　The　wicked　man　as　conceived　in　Hellenico…Xenophontine　fashion；
charged　with　the　spirit　of　meanness；　envy；　and　hatred；　which　cannot
brook　the　existence　of　another　better　than　itself。

C4。38。　A　nice　touch：　we　learn　to　know　Gadatas　and　Xenophon　also；　and
the　Hellenic　mind。

C5。10。　Pathos　well　drawn：　/vide/　Richard　II。　and　Bolingbroke。
Euripidean　quality。

C5。12。　The　archic　man　has　got　so　far　he　can　play　the　part　of
intercessor　between　Cyaxares　and　his　Medes。　The　discussion　involves
the　whole　difficulty　of　suppression　（〃he　must　increase；　but　I　must
decrease〃　is　one　solution；　not　touched　here）。

C5。34。　Perhaps　this　is　the　very　point　which　Xenophon；　Philosopher；
wishes　to　bring　out；　the　pseudo…archic　man　and　the　archic　man
contrasted；　but　Xenophon；　lover　of　man　and　artist；　draws　the　situation
admirably　and　truthfully　without　any　doctrinal　purpose。　It　is
｛anthropinon｝　human　essentially；　this　jealousy　and　humiliation　of
spirit。

C5。35。　Cyrus'　tone　of　voice　and　manner　must　have　some　compelling　charm
in　them：　the　dialectic　debate　is　not　pursued；　but　by　a　word　and　look
the　archic　man　wins　his　way。

C5。36。　Oriental　and　antique　Hellenic；　also　/modern/；　formalities。　I
can　imagine　some　of　those　crowned　heads；　emperors　of　Germany　and
Austria；　going　through　similar　ceremonies；　walking　arm…in…arm；　kissing
on　both　cheeks　fraternally；　etc。

C5。39…40。　This　reveals　the　incorrigible　weakness　of　Cyaxares。　He　can
never　hold　his　own　against　the　archic　man。　As　a　matter　of　philosophic
〃historising；〃　probably　Xenophon　conceives　the　Median　element　as　the
corrupting　and　sapping　one　in　the　Persian　empire　（/vide/　Epilogue）；
only　he　to　some　extent　justifies　and　excuses　Cyrus　in　his　imitations
of　it。　That　is　a　difficulty。

C5。41。　The　archic　man　shows　self…command　again：　his　energy　somewhat
relieves　ignobler　actors　of　responsibility　and　so　far　saps　their
wills。　His　up…and…doingness　a　foil　to　their　indolence。



　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　BOOK　VI

＇C。1＇　So　the　day　ended；　and　they　supped　and　went　to　rest。　But　early
the　next　morning　all　the　allies　flocked　to　Cyaxares'　gates；　and　while
Cyaxares　dressed　and　adorned　himself；　hearing　that　a　great　multitude
were　waiting；　Cyrus　gave　audience　to　the　suitors　his　own　friends　had
brought。　First　came　the　Cadousians；　imploring　him　to　stay；　and　then
the　Hyrcanians；　and　after　them　the　Sakians；　and　then　some　one
presented　Gobryas；　and　Hystaspas　brought　in　Gadatas　the　eunuch；　whose
entreaty　was　still　the　same。　＇2＇　At　that　Cyrus；　who　knew　already　that
for　many　a　day　Gadatas　had　been　half…dead　with　fear　lest　the　army
should　be　disbanded；　laughed　outright　and　said；　〃Ah；　Gadatas；　you
cannot　conceal　it：　you　have　been　bribed　by　my　friend　Hystaspas　to　take
this　view。〃

＇3＇　But　Gadatas　lifted　up　his　hands　to　heaven　and　swore　most　solemnly
that　Hystaspas