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The Madrilenian Gypsy women are indefatigable in the pursuit of
prey�察�prowling about the town and the suburbs from morning till
night�察�entering houses of all descriptions�察�from the highest to the
lowest�察�telling fortunes�察�or attempting to play off various kinds
of Gypsy tricks�察�from which they derive much greater profit�察�and of
which we shall presently have occasion to make particular mention。
From Madrid let us proceed to Andalusia�察�casting a cursory glance
on the Gitanos of that country。 I found them very numerous at
Granada�察�which in the Gitano language is termed Meligrana。 Their
general condition in this place is truly miserable�察�far exceeding
in wretchedness the state of the tribes of Estremadura。 It is
right to state that Granada itself is the poorest city in Spain�察�
the greatest part of the population�察�which exceeds sixty thousand�察�
living in beggary and nakedness�察�and the Gitanos share in the
general distress。
Many of them reside in caves scooped in the sides of the ravines
which lead to the higher regions of the Alpujarras�察�on a skirt of
which stands Granada。 A common occupation of the Gitanos of
Granada is working in iron�察�and it is not unfrequent to find these
caves tenanted by Gypsy smiths and their families�察�who ply the
hammer and forge in the bowels of the earth。 To one standing at
the mouth of the cave�察�especially at night�察�they afford a
picturesque spectacle。 Gathered round the forge�察�their bronzed and
naked bodies�察�illuminated by the flame�察�appear like figures of
demons�察�while the cave�察�with its flinty sides and uneven roof�察�
blackened by the charcoal vapours which hover about it in festoons�察�
seems to offer no inadequate representation of fabled purgatory。
Working in iron was an occupation strictly forbidden to the Gitanos
by the ancient laws�察�on what account does not exactly appear�察�
though�察�perhaps�察�the trade of the smith was considered as too much
akin to that of the chalan to be permitted to them。 The Gypsy
smith of Granada is still a chalan�察�even as his brother in England
is a jockey and tinker alternately。
Whilst speaking of the Gitanos of Granada�察�we cannot pass by in
silence a tragedy which occurred in this town amongst them�察�some
fifteen years ago�察�and the details of which are known to every
Gitano in Spain�察�from Catalonia to Estremadura。 We allude to the
murder of Pindamonas by Pepe Conde。 Both these individuals were
Gitanos�察�the latter was a celebrated contrabandista�察�of whom many
remarkable tales are told。 On one occasion�察�having committed some
enormous crime�察�he fled over to Barbary and turned Moor�察�and was
employed by the Moorish emperor in his wars�察�in company with the
other renegade Spaniards�察�whose grand depot or presidio is the town
of Agurey in the kingdom of Fez。 After the lapse of some years�察�
when his crime was nearly forgotten�察�he returned to Granada�察�where
he followed his old occupations of contrabandista and chalan。
Pindamonas was a Gitano of considerable wealth�察�and was considered
as the most respectable of the race at Granada�察�amongst whom he
possessed considerable influence。 Between this man and Pepe Conde
there existed a jealousy�察�especially on the part of the latter�察�
who�察�being a man of proud untamable spirit�察�could not well brook a
superior amongst his own people。 It chanced one day that
Pindamonas and other Gitanos�察�amongst whom was Pepe Conde�察�were in
a coffee´house。 After they had all partaken of some refreshment�察�
they called for the reckoning�察�the amount of which Pindamonas
insisted on discharging。 It will be necessary here to observe�察�
that on such occasions in Spain it is considered as a species of
privilege to be allowed to pay�察�which is an honour generally
claimed by the principal man of the party。 Pepe Conde did not fail
to take umbrage at the attempt of Pindamonas�察�which he considered
as an undue assumption of superiority�察�and put in his own claim�察�
but Pindamonas insisted�察�and at last flung down the money on the
table�察�whereupon Pepe Conde instantly unclasped one of those
terrible Manchegan knives which are generally carried by the
contrabandistas�察�and with a frightful gash opened the abdomen of
Pindamonas�察�who presently expired。
After this exploit�察�Pepe Conde fled�察�and was not seen for some
time。 The cave�察�however�察�in which he had been in the habit of
residing was watched�察�as a belief was entertained that sooner or
later he would return to it�察�in the hope of being able to remove
some of the property contained in it。 This belief was well
founded。 Early one morning he was observed to enter it�察�and a band
of soldiers was instantly despatched to seize him。 This
circumstance is alluded to in a Gypsy stanza�此�
'Fly�察�Pepe Conde�察�seek the hill��
To flee's thy only chance��
With bayonets fixed�察�thy blood to spill��
See soldiers four advance。'
And before the soldiers could arrive at the cave�察�Pepe Conde had
discovered their approach and fled�察�endeavouring to make his escape
amongst the rocks and barrancos of the Alpujarras。 The soldiers
instantly pursued�察�and the chase continued a considerable time。
The fugitive was repeatedly summoned to surrender himself�察�but
refusing�察�the soldiers at last fired�察�and four balls entered the
heart of the Gypsy contrabandista and murderer。
Once at Madrid I received a letter from the sister's son of
Pindamonas�察�dated from the prison of the Saladero。 In this letter
the writer�察�who it appears was in durance for stealing a pair of
mules�察�craved my charitable assistance and advice�察�and possibly in
the hope of securing my favour�察�forwarded some uncouth lines
commemorative of the death of his relation�察�and commencing thus�此�
'The death of Pindamonas fill'd all the world with pain��
At the coffee´house's portal�察�by Pepe he was slain。'
The faubourg of Triana�察�in Seville�察�has from time immemorial been
noted as a favourite residence of the Gitanos�察�and here�察�at the
present day�察�they are to be found in greater number than in any
other town in Spain。 This faubourg is indeed chiefly inhabited by
desperate characters�察�as�察�besides the Gitanos�察�the principal part
of the robber population of Seville is here congregated。 Perhaps
there is no part even of Naples where crime so much abounds�察�and
the law is so little respected�察�as at Triana�察�the character of
whose inmates was so graphically delineated two centuries and a
half back by Cervantes�察�in one of the most amusing of his tales。
��44��
In the vilest lanes of this suburb�察�amidst dilapidated walls and
ruined convents�察�exists the grand colony of Spanish Gitanos。 Here
they may be seen wielding the hammer�察�here they may be seen
trimming the fetlocks of horses�察�or shearing the backs of mules and
borricos with their cachas�察�and from hence they emerge to ply the
same trade in the town�察�or to officiate as terceros�察�or to buy�察�
sell�察�or exchange animals in the mercado�察�and the women to tell the
bahi through the streets�察�even as in other parts of Spain�察�
generally attended by one or two tawny bantlings in their arms or
by their sides�察�whilst others�察�with baskets and chafing´pans�察�
proceed to the delightful banks of the Len Baro�察。�45�� by the Golden
Tower�察�where�察�squatting on the ground and kindling their charcoal�察�
they roast the chestnuts which�察�when well prepared�察�are the
favourite bonne bouche of the Sevillians�察�whilst not a few�察�in
league with the contrabandistas�察�go from door to door offering for
sale prohibited goods brought from the English at Gibraltar。 Such
is Gitano life at Seville�察�such it is in the capital of Andalusia。
It is the common belief of the Gitanos of other provinces that in
Andalusia the language�察�customs�察�habits�察�and practices peculiar to
their race are best preserved。 This opinion�察�which probably
originated from the fact of their being found in greater numbers in
this province than in any other�察�may hold good in some instances�察�
but certainly not in all。 In various parts of Spain I have found
the Gitanos retaining their primitive language and customs better
than in Seville�察�where they most abound�此 �indeed�察�it is not plain
that their number has operated at all favourably in this respect。
At Cordova�察�a town at the distance of twenty leagues from Seville�察�
which scarcely contains a dozen Gitano families�察�I found them
living in much more brotherly amity�察�and cherishing in a greater
degree the observances of their forefathers。
I shall long remember these Cordovese Gitanos�察�by whom I was very
well received�察�but always on the supposition that I was one of
their own race。 They said that they never admitted strangers to
their houses save at their marriage festivals�察�when they flung
their doors open to all�察�and save occasionally people of influence
and distinction�察�who wished to hear their songs and converse with
their women�察�but they assured me�察�at the same time�察�that these they
invariably deceived�察�and merely made use of as instruments to serve
their own purposes。 As for myself�察�I was admitted without scruple
to their private meetings�察�and was made a participator of their
most secret thoughts。 During our intercourse some remarkable
scenes occurred。 One night more than twenty of us�察�men and women�察�
were assembled in a long low room on the ground floor�察�in a dark
alley or court in the old gloomy town of Cordova。 After the
Gitanos had discussed several jockey plans�察�and settled some
private bargains amongst themselves�察�we all gathered round a huge