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carson mccullers - the heart is a lonely hunter-及35何蛍

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The seats were all filled and the young people sat in rows on 
the floor。 The hall�察�the porch�察�even the yard were crowded 
with silent guests。 The time had come for him to speak!and 
what was he to say�拭�Panic tightened his throat。 The room 
waited。 At a sign from John Roberts all sounds were hushed。 
'My People��' began Doctor Copeland blankly。 There was a 
pause。 Then suddenly the words came to him。 
'This is the nineteenth year that we have gathered together in 
this room to celebrate Christmas Day。 When our people first 
heard of the birth of Jesus Christ it was a dark time。 Our 
people were sold as slaves in this town on the courthouse 
square。 Since then we have heard and told the160 

story of His life more times than we could remember。 So 
today our story will be a different one。 


'One hundred and twenty years ago another man was born in 
the country that is known as Germany!a country far across 
the Atlantic Ocean。 This man understood as did Jesus。 But his 
thoughts were not concerned with Heaven or the future of the 
dead。 His mission was for the living。 For the great masses of 
human beings who work and suffer and work until they die。 
For people who take in washing and work as cooks�察�who pick 
cotton and work at the hot dye vats of the factories。 His 
mission was for us�察�and the name of this man was Karl Marx。 
'Karl Marx was a wise man。 He studied and worked and 
understood the world around him。 He said that the world was 
divided into two classes�察�the poor and the rich。 For every rich 
man there were a thousand poor people who worked for this 
rich man to make him richer。 He did not divide the world into 
Negroes or white people or Chinese!to Karl Marx it seemed 
that being one of the millions of poor people or one of the few 
rich was more important to a man than the color of his skin。 
The life mission of Karl Marx was to make all human beings 
equal and to divide the great wealth of the world so that there 
would be no poor or rich and each person would have his 
share。 This is one of the commandments Karl Marx left to us�此�
;From each according to his ability�察�to each according to his 
needs。;' 
A wrinkled�察�yellow palm waved timidly from the halL Were 
he the Mark in the Bible��' 
Doctor Copeland explained。 He spelled the two names and 
cited dates。 'Are there any more questions�拭�I wish each one of 
you to feel free to start or enter into any discussion。' 
'I presume Mr。 Marx was a Christian church man��' asked the 
preacher。 
'He believed in the holiness of the human spirit* 
'Were he a white man��' 
'Yes。 But he did not think of himself as a white man。 He said�察�
;I consider nothing human as alien to myself。; He thought of 
himself as a brother to all people。' 
Doctor Copeland paused a moment longer。 The faces around 
him were waiting。 

;What is the value of any piece of property�察�of any 


merchandise we buy in a store�拭�The value depends only on 
one thing!and that is the work it took to make or to raise this 
article。 Why does a brick house cost more than a cabbage�拭�
Because the work of many men goes into the making of one 
brick house。 There are the people who made the bricks and 
mortar and the people who cut down the trees to make the 
planks used for the floor。 There are the men who made the 
building of the brick house possible。 There are the men who 
carried the materials to the ground where the house was to be 
built。 There are the men who made the wheelbarrows and 
trucks that carried the materials to this place。 Then finally 
there are the workmen who built the house。 A brick house 
involves the labor of many�察�many people!while any of us can 
raise a cabbage in his back yard。 A brick house costs more 
than a cabbage because it takes more work to make。 So when a 
man buys this brick house he is paying for the labor that went 
to make it。 But who gets the money!the profit�拭�Not the many 
men who did the work!but the bosses who control them。 And 
if you study this further you will find that these bosses have 
bosses above them and those bosses have bosses higher up ! 
so that the real people who control all this work�察�which makes 
any article worth money�察�are very few。 Is this clear so far��' 
'Us understand��' 
But did they�拭�He started all over and retold what he had said。 
This time there were questions。 
'But don't clay for these here bricks cost money�拭�And don't it 
take money to rent land and raise crops on��' 
'That is a good point��' said Doctor Copeland。 'Land�察�clay�察�
timber!those things are called natural resources。 Man does 
not make these natural resources!man only develops them�察�
only uses them for work。 Therefore should any one person or 
group of persons own these things�拭�How can a man own 
ground and space and sunlight and rain for crops�拭�How can a 
man say ;this is mine; about those things and refuse to let 
others share them�拭�Therefore Marx says that these natural 
resources should belong to everyone�察�not divided into little 
pieces but used by all the people according to their ability to 
work。 It is like this。 Say a man died and left his mule to his 
four sons。 The sons162 


r


would not wish to cut up the mule to four parts and each take 
his share。 They would own and work the mule together。 That 
is the way Marx says all of the natural resources should be 
owned!not by one group of rich people but by all the 
workers of the world as a whole。 
;We in this room have no private properties。 Perhaps one or 
two of us may own the homes we live in�察�or have a dollar or 
two set aside!but we own nothing that does not contribute 
directly toward keeping us alive。 All that we own is our 
bodies。 And we sell our bodies every day we live。 We sell 
them when we go out in the morning to our jobs and when we 
labor all day。 We are forced to sell at any price�察�at any time�察�
for any purpose。 We are forced to sell our bodies so that we 
can eat and live。 And the price which is given us for this is 
only enough so that we will have the strength to labor longer 
for the profits of others。 Today we are not put up on the 
platforms and sold at the courthouse square。 But we are forced 
to sell our strength�察�our time�察�our souls during almost every 
hour that we live。 We have been freed from one kind of 
slavery only to be delivered into another。 Is this freedom�拭�Are 
we yet free men�拭─�
A deep voice called out from the front yard。 ;That the real 
truth��' 
That how things is��' 

。And we are not alone in this slavery。 There are millions of 
others throughout the world�察�of all colors and races and 
creeds。 This we must remember。 There are many of our people 
who hate the poor of the white race�察�and they hate us。 The 
people in this town living by the river who work in the mills。 
People who are almost as much in need as we are ourselves。 
This hatred is a great evil�察�and no good can ever come from it。 
We must remember the words of Karl Marx and see the truth 
according to his teachings。 The injustice of need must bring us 
all together and not separate us。 We must remember that we 
all make the things of this earth of value because of our labor。 
These main truths from Karl Marx we must keep in our hearts 

always and not forget。
'But my people� �We in this room!we Negroes!have another
mission that is for ourselves alone。 Within us there is a strong��
true purpose�察�and if we fail in this purpose we


163 
will be forever lost。 Let us see�察�then�察�what is the nature of this 
special mission。' 
Doctor Copeland loosened the collar of his shirt�察�for in his 
throat there was a choked f eeling。 The grievous love he felt 
within him was too much。 He looked around him at the hushed 
guests。 They waited。 The groups of people in the yard and on 
the porch stood with the same quiet attention as did those in 
the room。 A deaf old man leaned forward with his hand to his 
ear。 A woman hushed a fretful baby with a pacifier。 Mr。 
Singer stood attentively in the doorway。 Most of the young 
people sat on the floor。 Among them was Lancy Davis。 The 
boy's lips were nervous and pale。 He clasped his knees very 
tightly with his arms�察�and his young face was sullen。 All the 
eyes in the room watched�察�and in them there was hunger for 
truth。 
'Today we are to confer the five´dollar award upon the high´
school student who wrote the best essay on the topic�察 �My 
Ambition�此�How I can Better the Position of the Negro Race in 
Society。; This year the award goes to Lancy Davis。' Doctor 
Copeland took an envelope from his pocket ;There is no need 
for me to tell you that the value of this award is not wholly in 
the sum of money it represents! but the sacred trust and faith 
that goes with it。' 
Lancy rose awkwardly to his feet。 His sullen lips trembled。 He 
bowed and accepted the award。 'Do you wish me to read the 
essay I have written��' 
'No��' said Doctor Copeland。 'But I wish you to come and talk 
with me sometime this week。' 
'Yes�察�sir。' The room was quiet again。 
' ;I do not wish to be a servant� ─�That is the desire I have read 
over and over in these essays。 Servant�拭�Only one in a 
thousand of us is allowed to be a servant。 We do not work� �
We do not serve��' 
The laughter in the room was uneasy。 
'Listen� �One out of five of us labors to build roads�察�or to take 


care of the sanitation of this city�察�or works in a sawmill or on a 
farm。 Another one out of the five is unable to get any work at 
all。 But the other three out of this five! the greatest number 
of our people�拭�Many of us cook for those who are 
incompetent to prepare the food that they themselves eat。 
Many work a lifetime tending flower gar´164 

dens for the pleasure of one or two people。 Many of us polish 
slick waxed floors of fine houses。 Or we drive automobiles for 
rich people who are too lazy to drive themselves。 We spend 
our lives doing thousands of jobs that are of no real use to 
anybody。 We labor and all of our labor is wasted。 Is that 
service�拭�No�察�that is slavery。 
'We labor�察�but our labor is wasted。 We are not allowed to 
serve。 You students here this morning represent the fortunate 
few of our race。 Most of our people are not allowed to go to 
school at all。 For eac

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