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stories by modern american authors-第30部分

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of dirt might have something to do with the failure: so I carefully

rinsed the parchment by pouring warm water over it; and; having

done this; I placed it in a tin pan; with the skull downward; and

put the pan upon a furnace of lighted charcoal。  In a few minutes;

the pan having become thoroughly heated; I removed the slip; and;

to my inexpressible joy; found it spotted; in several places; with

what appeared to be figures arranged in lines。  Again I placed it

in the pan; and suffered it to remain another minute。  Upon taking

it off; the whole was just as you see it now。〃



Here Legrand; having reheated the parchment; submitted it to my

inspection。  The following characters were rudely traced; in a red

tint; between the death's head and the goat:





〃53++!305))6*;4826)4+)4+)。;806*;48!8'60))85;1+8*:+(;:+*8!83(88)5*!;

46(;88*96*?;8)*+(;485);5*!2:*+(;4956*2(5*…4)8'8*;4069285);)6!8)4++;

1(+9;48081;8:8+1;48!85;4)485!528806*81(+9;48;(88;4(+?34;48)4+;161;:

188;+?;〃





〃But;〃 said I; returning him the slip; 〃I am as much in the dark as

ever。  Were all the jewels of Golconda awaiting me upon my solution

of this enigma; I am quite sure that I should be unable to earn

them。〃



〃And yet;〃 said Legrand; 〃the solution is by no means so difficult

as you might be led to imagine from the first hasty inspection of

the characters。  These characters; as anyone might readily guess;

form a cipherthat is to say; they convey a meaning; but then from

what is known of Kidd; I could not suppose him capable of

constructing any of the more abstruse cryptographs。  I made up my

mind; at once; that this was of a simple speciessuch; however; as

would appear; to the crude intellect of the sailor; absolutely

insoluble without the key。〃



〃And you really solved it?〃



〃Readily; I have solved others of an abstruseness ten thousand

times greater。  Circumstances; and a certain bias of mind; have led

me to take interest in such riddles; and it may well be doubted

whether human ingenuity can construct an enigma of the kind which

human ingenuity may not; by proper application; resolve。  In fact;

having once established connected and legible characters; I

scarcely gave a thought to the mere difficulty of developing their

import。



〃In the present caseindeed in all cases of secret writingthe

first question regards the LANGUAGE of the cipher; for the

principles of solution; so far; especially; as the more simple

ciphers are concerned; depend upon; and are varied by; the genius

of the particular idiom。  In general; there is no alternative but

experiment (directed by probabilities) of every tongue known to him

who attempts the solution; until the true one be attained。  But;

with the cipher now before us; all difficulty was removed by the

signature。  The pun upon the word 'Kidd' is appreciable in no other

language than the English。  But for this consideration I should

have begun my attempts with the Spanish and French; as the tongues

in which a secret of this kind would most naturally have been

written by a pirate of the Spanish main。  As it was; I assumed the

cryptograph to be English。



〃You observe there are no divisions between the words。  Had there

been divisions the task would have been comparatively easy。  In

such cases I should have commenced with a collation and analysis of

the shorter words; and; had a word of a single letter occurred; as

is most likely; (a or I; for example;) I should have considered the

solution as assured。  But; there being no division; my first step

was to ascertain the predominant letters; as well as the least

frequent。  Counting all; I constructed a table thus:





Of the character 8 there are 33。

                 ;     〃     26。

                 4     〃     19。

                +)     〃     16。

                 *     〃     13。

                 5     〃     12。

                 6     〃     11。

                !1     〃      8。

                 0     〃      6。

                92     〃      5。

                :3     〃      4。

                 ?     〃      3。

                 '     〃      2。

                …。     〃      1。






〃Now; in English; the letter which most frequently occurs is e。

Afterwards; the succession runs thus: a o i d h n r s t u y c f g l

m w b k p q x z。  E predominates so remarkably; that an individual

sentence of any length is rarely seen; in which it is not the

prevailing character。



〃Here; then; we have; in the very beginning; the groundwork for

something more than a mere guess。  The general use which may be

made of the table is obviousbut; in this particular cipher; we

shall only very partially require its aid。  As our predominant

character is 8; we will commence by assuming it as the e of the

natural alphabet。  To verify the supposition; let us observe if the

8 be seen often in couplesfor e is doubled with great frequency

in Englishin such words; for example; as 'meet;' 'fleet;'

'speed;' 'seen;' 'been;' 'agree;' etc。  In the present instance we

see it doubled no less than five times; although the cryptograph is

brief。



〃Let us assume 8; then; as e。  Now; of all WORDS in the language;

'the' is most usual; let us see; therefore; whether there are not

repetitions of any three characters; in the same order of

collocation; the last of them being 8。  If we discover repetitions

of such letters; so arranged; they will most probably represent the

word 'the。'  Upon inspection; we find no less than seven such

arrangements; the characters being ;48。  We may; therefore; assume

that ; represents t; 4 represents h; and 8 represents ethe last

being now well confirmed。  Thus a great step has been taken。



〃But; having established a single word; we are enabled to establish

a vastly important point; that is to say; several commencements and

terminations of other words。  Let us refer; for example; to the

last instance but one; in which the combination ;48 occursnot far

from the end of the cipher。  We know that the ; immediately ensuing

is the commencement of a word; and; of the six characters

succeeding this 'the;' we are cognizant of no less than five。  Let

us set these characters down; thus; by the letters we know them to

represent; leaving a space for the unknown





t eeth。





〃Here we are enabled; at once; to discard the 'th;' as forming no

portion of the word commencing with the first t; since; by

experiment of the entire alphabet for a letter adapted to the

vacancy; we perceive that no word can be formed of which this th

can be a part。  We are thus narrowed into





t ee;





and; going through the alphabet; if necessary; as before; we arrive

at the word 'tree;' as the sole possible reading。  We thus gain

another letter; r; represented by (; with the words 'the tree' in

juxtaposition。



〃Looking beyond these words; for a short distance; we again see the

combination ;48; and employ it by way of TERMINATION to what

immediately precedes。  We have thus this arrangement:





the tree ;4(4+?34 the;





or; substituting the natural letters; where known; it reads thus:





the tree thr+?3h the。





〃Now; if; in place of the unknown characters; we leave blank

spaces; or substitute dots; we read thus:





the tree thr。。。h the;





when the word 'through' makes itself evident at once。  But this

discovery gives us three new letters; o; u; and g; represented by

+; ?; and 3。



〃Looking now; narrowly; through the cipher for combinations of

known characters; we find; not very far from the beginning; this

arrangement;





83(88; or egree;





which plainly; is the conclusion of the word 'degree;' and gives us

another letter; d; represented by !。



〃Four letters beyond the word 'degree;' we perceive the combination





;46(;88。





〃Translating the known characters; and representing the unknown by

dots; as before; we read thus:





th。rtee;





an arrangement immediately suggestive of the word thirteen;' and

again furnishing us with two new characters; i and n; represented

by 6 and *。



〃Referring; now; to the beginning of the cryptograph; we find the

combination;





53++!。





〃Translating as before; we obtain





。good;





which assures us that the first letter is A; and that the first two

words are 'A good。'



〃It is now time that we arrange our key; as far as discovered; in a

tabular form; to avoid confusion。  It will stand thus:





5 represents a

!     〃      d

8     〃      e

3     〃      g

4     〃      h

6     〃      i

*     〃      n

+     〃      o

(     〃      r

;     〃      t

?     〃      u





〃We have; therefore; no less than eleven of the most important

letters represented; and it will be unnecessary to proceed with the

details of the solution。  I have said enough to convince you that

ciphers of this nature are readily soluble; and to give you some

insight into the rationale of their development。  But be assured

that the specimen before us appertains to the very simplest species

of cryptograph。  It now only remains to give you the full

translation of the characters upon the parchment; as unriddled。

Here it is:





〃'A good glass in the bishop's hostel in the devil's seat forty…one

degrees and thirteen minutes northeast and by north main branch

seventh limb east side shoot from the left eye of the death's head

a bee…line from the tree through the shot fifty feet out。'〃





〃But;〃 said I; 〃the enigma seems still in as bad a condition as

ever。  How is it possible to extort a meaning from all this jargon

about 'devil's seats;' 'death's heads;' and 'bishop's hostels'?〃



〃I confess;〃 replied Legrand; 〃that the matter still wears a

serious aspect; when regarded with a casual glance。  My first

endeavor was to divide the sentence into the natural division

intended by the cr

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