伊浪窮徨慕 > 将砿凪麿窮徨慕 > eryxias(愚戦針歪帽) >

及2何蛍

eryxias(愚戦針歪帽)-及2何蛍

弌傍�� eryxias(愚戦針歪帽) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




importance whether a man is wise or ignorant about the highest matters�拭�

Or is wisdom despised of men and can find no buyers�察�although cypress 

wood      and     marble     of   Pentelicus     are    eagerly    bought      by   numerous 

purchasers�拭      �Surely the prudent pilot or the skilful physician�察�or the artist 

of   any   kind   who   is   proficient   in   his   art�察  �is   more   worth   than   the   things 

which are especially reckoned among riches�察�and he who can advise well 

and prudently for himself and others is able also to sell the product of his 

art�察�if he so desire。 

     Eryxias looked askance�察�as if he had received some unfair treatment�察�

and said�察�I believe�察�Socrates�察�that if you were forced to speak the truth�察�you 

would   declare   that   you   were   richer   than   Callias   the   son   of   Hipponicus。 

And yet�察�although you claimed to be wiser about things of real importance�察�

you would not any the more be richer than he。 

     I dare say�察�Eryxias�察�I said�察�that you may regard these arguments of ours 

as a kind of game�察�you think that they have no relation to facts�察�but are like 

the pieces in the game of draughts which the player can move in such a 

way that his opponents are unable to make any countermove。                         ��Compare 

Republic。��       And   perhaps�察 �too�察  �as   regards   riches   you   are   of   opinion   that 

while facts remain the same�察�there are arguments�察�no matter whether true 

or   false�察  �which   enable the   user of   them  to   prove that the   wisest   and the 

richest    are   one    and   the   same�察   �although     he   is  in  the   wrong     and   his 

opponents   are   in   the   right。    There   would   be   nothing   strange   in   this�察  �it 

would be as if two persons were to dispute about letters�察�one declaring that 

the word Socrates began with an S�察�the other that it began with an A�察�and 

the latter could gain the victory over the former。 

     Eryxias glanced at the audience�察�laughing and blushing at once�察�as if 

he had had nothing to do with what had just been said�察�and replied��No�察�

indeed�察�Socrates�察�I never supposed that our arguments should be of a kind 

which     would     never    convince     any   one   of   those   here   present    or   be  of 

advantage to them。          For what man of sense could ever be persuaded that 

the    wisest    and   the   richest   are   the   same�拭    �The     truth   is  that  we    are 

discussing   the   subject   of   riches�察  �and   my   notion   is   that   we   should   argue 



                                                  7 


´ Page 8´

                                         ERYXIAS 



respecting     the   honest    and   dishonest     means    of   acquiring    them�察   �and�察�

generally�察�whether they are a good thing or a bad。 

     Very good�察�I said�察�and I am obliged to you for the hint�此              �in future we 

will be more careful。       But why do not you yourself�察�as you introduced the 

argument�察�and do not think that the former discussion touched the point at 

issue�察�tell us whether you consider riches to be a good or an evil�拭�

     I am of opinion�察�he said�察�that they are a good。             He was about to add 

something more�察�when Critias interrupted him��Do you really suppose so�察�

Eryxias�拭�

     Certainly�察�replied Eryxias�察�I should be mad if I did not�此             �and I do not 

fancy that you would find any one else of a contrary opinion。 

     And I�察�retorted Critias�察�should say that there is no one whom I could 

not compel to admit that riches are bad for some men。                But surely�察�if they 

were a good�察�they could not appear bad for any one�拭�

     Here    I  interposed    and   said  to  them�此   �If   you   two   were   having    an 

argument about equitation and what was the best way of riding�察�supposing 

that I knew the art myself�察�I should try to bring you to an agreement。                 For 

I   should   be   ashamed   if   I   were   present   and   did   not   do   what   I   could   to 

prevent     your    difference。     And     I  should    do   the  same     if  you   were 

quarrelling about any other art and were likely�察�unless you agreed on the 

point in dispute�察�to part as enemies instead of as friends。             But now�察�when 

we are contending about a thing of which the usefulness continues during 

the whole of life�察�and it makes an enormous difference whether we are to 

regard   it   as   beneficial   or   not��a   thing�察  �too�察  �which   is   esteemed   of   the 

highest importance by the Hellenes�今�for parents�察�as soon as their children 

are�察�as they think�察�come to years of discretion�察�urge them to consider how 

wealth may be acquired�察�since by riches the value of a man is judged���此�

When�察�I say�察�we are thus in earnest�察�and you�察�who agree in other respects�察�

fall to disputing about a matter of such moment�察�that is�察�about wealth�察�and 

not merely whether it is black or white�察�light or heavy�察�but whether it is a 

good or an evil�察�whereby�察�although you are now the dearest of friends and 

kinsmen�察�the most bitter hatred may arise betwixt you�察�I must hinder your 

dissension to the best of my power。           If I could�察�I would tell you the truth�察�

and so put an end to the dispute�察�but as I cannot do this�察�and each of you 



                                               8 


´ Page 9´

                                       ERYXIAS 



supposes that you can bring the other to an agreement�察�I am prepared�察�as 

far as   my  capacity admits�察  �to   help   you in   solving   the question。    Please�察�

therefore�察�Critias�察�try to make us accept the doctrines which you yourself 

entertain。 

     CRITIAS�此      �I   should   like   to   follow   up   the   argument�察  �and   will   ask 

Eryxias whether he thinks that there are just and unjust men�拭�

     ERYXIAS�此       �Most decidedly。 

     CRITIAS�此      �And does injustice seem to you an evil or a good�拭�

     ERYXIAS�此       �An evil。 

     CRITIAS�此      �Do you consider that he who bribes his neighbour's wife 

and commits   adultery  with her�察 �acts   justly  or   unjustly�察  �and   this   although 

both the state and the laws forbid�拭�

     ERYXIAS�此       �Unjustly。 

     CRITIAS�此      �And if the wicked man has wealth and is willing to spend 

it�察�he will carry out his evil purposes�拭�whereas he who is short of means 

cannot do what he fain would�察�and therefore does not sin�拭             �In such a case�察�

surely�察  �it   is   better   that   a   person   should   not   be   wealthy�察  �if   his   poverty 

prevents the accomplishment of his desires�察�and his desires are evil�拭              �Or�察�

again�察�should you call sickness a good or an evil�拭�

     ERYXIAS�此       �An evil。 

     CRITIAS�此      �Well�察�and do you think that some men are intemperate�拭�

     ERYXIAS�此       �Yes。 

     CRITIAS�此      �Then�察�if it is better for his health that the intemperate man 

should    refrain   from   meat   and   drink   and   other   pleasant   things�察  �but  he 

cannot owing to his intemperance�察�will it not also be better that he should 

be    too  poor    to  gratify  his   lust  rather  than   that   he  should    have   a 

superabundance of means�拭          �For thus he will not be able to sin�察�although 

he desire never so much。 

     Critias appeared to be arguing so admirably that Eryxias�察�if he had not 

been ashamed of the bystanders�察�would probably have got up and struck 

him。    For he thought that he had been robbed of a great possession when 

it became obvious to him that he had been wrong in his former   opinion 

about    wealth。    I   observed    his  vexation�察   �and   feared   that  they   would 

proceed to abuse and quarrelling�此         �so I said��I heard that very argument 



                                              9 


´ Page 10´

                                         ERYXIAS 



used in the Lyceum yesterday by a wise man�察�Prodicus of Ceos�察�but the 

audience thought that he was talking mere nonsense�察�and no one could be 

persuaded   that   he   was   speaking   the   truth。   And   when   at   last   a   certain 

talkative   young gentleman   came   in�察 �and�察�taking his   seat�察�began   to   laugh 

and jeer at Prodicus�察�tormenting him and demanding an explanation of his 

argument�察�he gained the ear of the audience far more than Prodicus。 

     Can you repeat the discourse to us�拭          �Said Erasistratus。 

     SOCRATES�此         �If I can only remember it�察�I will。         The youth began by 

asking Prodicus�察�In what way did he think that riches were a good and in 

what an evil�拭      �Prodicus answered�察�as you did just now�察�that they were a 

good   to   good   men   and   to   those   who   knew   in   what   way   they   should   be 

employed�察�while to the bad and the ignorant they were an evil。                 The same 

is true�察�he went on to say�察�of all other things�察�men make them to be what 

they are themselves。        The saying of Archilochus is true�此�

     'Men's thoughts correspond to the things which they meet with。' 

     Well�察�then�察�replied the youth�察�if any one makes me wise in that wisdom 

whereby good men become wise�察�he must also make everything else good 

to me。 Not that he concerns himself at all with these other things�察�but he 

has converted my ignorance into wisdom。               If�察�for example�察�a person teach 

me grammar or music�察�he will at the same time teach me all that relates to 

grammar or music�察�and so when he makes me good�察�he makes things good 

to me。 

     Prodicus   did   not   altogether   agree�此   �still   he   consented   to   what   was 

said。 

     And    do   you   think�察  �said  the  youth�察   �that  doing   good    things   is  like 

building a house��the work of human agency�察�or do things remain what 

they were at first�察�good or bad�察�for all time�拭�

     Prodicus began to suspect�察�I fancy�察�the direction which the argument 

was likely to take�察�and did not wish to be put down by 

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

低辛嬬浪散議