the moravians in georgia-第10部分
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〃God willing； I shall soon follow you； and only wait until He opens the way for me。 Our dear Elder （Spangenberg） will quickly return from America； and in his absence I commit you to the mighty grace of God。
Your brother and servant； Lewis Count v。 Zinzendorf。
〃At this time one of the Elders at Herrnhut。 November 27th； 1734。
〃‘He everywhere hath way； And all things serve His might； etc。'〃
That these sensible and liberal instructions were not fully carried out is at once apparent； especially in the two points of free transportation and settlement in a quiet； secluded spot。 The inability of the Trustees to grant their request for the first； burdened the Moravian colonists with what was； under the circumstances； a heavy debt； while the location of Zinzendorf's five hundred acre tract was responsible for their failure in attaining the second。
When Gen。 Oglethorpe planned the fortifications and defense of Savannah in 1733； he decided to erect a small fort on the Ogeechee River； some miles south； in order to command one of the trails by which the Indians had been accustomed to invade Carolina。 This 〃Fort Argyle〃 was garrisoned with a detachment of rangers； and ten families were sent from Savannah to cultivate the adjacent land。 The tract selected in London for Count Zinzendorf； was to lie on the Ogeechee； near Fort Argyle； an excellent place from which to reach the Indians in times of peace； but the worst possible location for noncombatants when war was threatening。
Spangenberg urged the survey of the five hundred acre tract as often and as strongly as he dared； but from various causes； chiefly rumors of Indian incursions； the expedition was deferred until Aug。 22nd； when Spangenberg； Toeltschig； Riedel； Seifert； Rose； Michael Haberland； and Mr。 Johnson； the Trustees' surveyor； prepared to start on their toilsome journey； going by boat； instead of attempting to follow the circuitous； ill…marked road across the country； impassable to pedestrians； though used to some extent by horsemen。
At one o'clock in the morning of Aug。 23rd the seven men embarked； taking advantage of the ebbing tide； and made their way down the Savannah River。 It was very dark； the Moravians were unaccustomed to rowing； and Mr。 Johnson； who steered； went to sleep time after time； so when they accidentally came across a ship riding at anchor they decided to stay by her and wait for the day。 When dawn broke they hastened on to Thunderbolt； where a fort had been built； and some good land cleared； and there they found two Indians； who claimed to know the country； and agreed to go with them as pilots。 Toward evening they reached Seituah*； where a stockade was being built as a protection against the Indians； and the night was spent with a Captain Wargessen （Ferguson）； who； with several soldiers； was out in a scout boat watching the movements of the Indians and Spaniards in that neighborhood。
* On Skidaway Island； exact site unknown。
The next day they made their way among the islands until they reached the mouth of the Ogeechee； up which they turned； but night overtook them； and they were forced to drop their anchor。 The Indians had been left behind somewhere； and with the return of day it became necessary to retrace their course for some hours in order to learn where they were。 That night was spent at Sterling's Bluff； with the Scotch who had settled upon it； and the next morning they proceeded to Fort Argyle。 As they rowed up the river； a bear left one of the islands； and swam across to the main land。 〃He was better to us than we to him； for Peter shot at him twice when he came near us； but he left us in peace and went his way！〃
The following morning Spangenberg and Johnson； accompanied by the Lieutenant from Fort Argyle and several of his rangers； rode out to inspect the land selected for the Moravians。 The horses were accustomed to service against the Indians； and went at full gallop； pausing not for winding paths or fallen trees； and the University…bred man of Germany expected momentarily to have his neck broken； but nothing happened； and after looking over the tract they returned to Fort Argyle。
Despite the exertions of the morning Spangenberg then manned his boat； and started up the river to visit an Indian town； where he hoped to find Tomochichi。 Much floating timber rendered the trip dangerous and tedious； and it was not until early Sunday morning that they reached their destination； only to find the place deserted； as the band had left a few days before for a hunting expedition； and； if fortune favored them； for a brush with the Spanish Indians； with whom they had a perpetual feud。 Soon Johnson appeared； guided by some of the rangers； who； after a hearty meal with the Moravians； returned to the Fort； Johnson remaining behind。
Monday morning； August 29th； before the sun rose； the party repaired to the Moravian tract； which Johnson surveyed； the Moravians acting as chain…carriers。 Spangenberg was much pleased with the tract。 It had a half mile frontage on the Ogeechee； extended two miles back into the forest； and gave a good variety of land； some low and damp for the cultivation of rice； sandy soil covered with grass for pasturage； and dry uplands suitable for corn and vegetables。 A rapid stream furnished an abundance of pure water； and site for a mill； while the thick growth of timber guaranteed a supply of material for houses and boats。 Near the river rose a high hill； where it had once been the intention to build a fort； and a house had really been erected。 This the Indians burned； and later another site had been chosen for Fort Argyle； but the place retained the name of 〃Old Fort〃； and the hill would serve as the location for the Moravian dwelling。
Indian tribes which were friendly to the English lived at no great distance； and the trail to Savannah and Ebenezer led directly by Old Fort； while the opening of two roads would bring both those towns within a four hour's ride of the settlement。
Well content； therefore； with their new acquisition； the Moravians returned to Fort Argyle； whence Johnson rode back to Savannah； leaving them to follow with the boat。 At the mouth of the Ogeechee they encountered a severe storm； against which they could make little headway； try as they would。 Their anchor was too light to hold against the current； and there was a marsh on one bank and rocks on the other； but at last； after night…fall； in the face of a terrific thunder storm； they forced their way to a place where they could land； and where they passed the rest of the night； enduring as best they could the heavy rain； and the attack of insects； against neither of which they were able to protect themselves。 〃This place takes its name； ‘Rotten…possum'； from an animal frequently found here； which they call a Possum。 I am told that it has a double belly； and that if pursued it puts its young into one belly； runs up a tree until it reaches a limb； springs out on that until it is among the leaves； and then lays itself across the branch with one belly on each side； and so hides itself； and saves its life！〃 The rest of the journey was uneventful； and on Friday morning； September 2nd； they reached Savannah； having been absent ten days。
It seems a great pity that the Moravians were unable to establish themselves on this tract； where their industry would soon have made an oasis in the wilderness； but one thing after the other interfered； and the 〃second company〃 which arrived early in the following year； found them still at Savannah。
In Savannah matters moved toward a fair degree of prosperity for the Moravians。 About four acres of Spangenberg's garden were cleared in time for the first summer's crop of corn； which yielded them sixty bushels。 They also raised some beans； which came to maturity at a time when provisions and funds were very low； so helping them greatly。
The two farm lots were laid out during the summer； Spangenberg assisting with the survey。 By the close of the year twenty…six acres had been cleared； on the uplands this meant the felling of trees； and gradual removal of stumps as time permitted； but on the rice lands it meant far more。 The great reeds； ten to twelve feet high； grew so thick that a man could scarcely set foot between them； and in cutting them down it was necessary to go 〃knee…deep〃 below the surface of the ground； and then the roots were so intertwined that it was difficult to pull them out。
Every acre of land that was cleared and planted had to be securely fenced in； for cattle roamed in the woods； and ruined unprotected crops。 Indeed； the colonists in Georgia derived little benefit from their cattle； which ran at large； and when a few were wanted for beef or for domestic purposes； they were hunted and driven in。 The Moravians had to wait until midsummer before they could get their allotment； and then they received a cow and calf； six hogs and five pigs； with the promise of more。 Before the others came the cows had again escaped to the woods； and the swine had been drowned！
In July Spangenberg wrote to Herrnhut that he had given his fifty acres of land； including the town lot； to the Moravian Congregation at Savannah； and that he would at once apply to the Trustees to vest the title in that body； and if he left Georgia before this was accomplished he would give a full Power of Attorney to Toeltschig。 From the first his land had been used as the common property of the party； and he desired that the nine men； who； with him； were bound to the repayment of the 60 Pounds； borrowed from the Trustees； should have the use of it until that obligation was met； and then it should be used as the Savannah Congregation thought best。
Nitschmann's land seems to have been held in a different way； although granted at the same time； and under similar circumstances。 July 11th； Spangenberg sent him a detailed description of the town and garden lots； explaining the advantages and difficulties of cultivation； suggesting several methods by which it could be done； and giving the approximate cost； urging that instructions be sent as to his wishes。 Later he wrote that the company had decided not to wait for Nitschmann's reply； but to clear th
