the moravians in georgia-第14部分
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roups of five； three below and two above； the five persons occupying them also eating together。 The Moravians chose their places in the center of the ship； on either side of the main mast； where the ventilation was best； and there would be most fresh air when they reached warmer latitudes。 〃The number of people on the ship is rather large； for we are altogether one hundred and fifty who are going to Georgia； but besides ourselves they are all Englishmen。〃 〃Many of them are like wild animals； but we have resolved in all things to act as the children of God； giving offence to no one； that our purpose be not misconstrued。〃
After seeing his companions comfortably settled on the vessel； Nitschmann returned to his numerous tasks in London。 On the 24th； he came back to the ship； accompanied by Korte； who bade them an affectionate farewell。 By the 27th all of the passengers； including Gen。 Oglethorpe； were on board； but it was not until the afternoon of October 31st； that the ‘Simmonds' sailed from Gravesend。
Four Journals。
On the ‘Simmonds'； as she sailed slowly down the Thames on her way to Georgia； there were four Englishmen； with whom the Moravians were to become well acquainted； who were to influence and be influenced by them； and through whom a great change was to come into the religious history of England。 These were John and Charles Wesley； Benjamin Ingham and Charles Delamotte。 The Wesleys were sons of Samuel Wesley； a clergyman of the Church of England； and while at the University of Oxford they； with two companions； had formed a little society for religious improvement； and by their strict and methodical habits gained the name of 〃Methodists〃； both brothers had taken orders in the English Church； and were on their way to Georgia； John to serve as rector at Savannah； and Charles as Gen。 Oglethorpe's private secretary。 Benjamin Ingham was born in Yorkshire； and met the Wesleys at Oxford； where he joined their Methodist society。 He； too； had been ordained in the English Church； and now； at the age of twenty…three； had yielded to John Wesley's persuasions； and agreed to go with him 〃to the Indians〃。 Charles Delamotte； the son of a London merchant； met the Wesleys at the home of James Hutton； shortly before they sailed for Georgia； and was so much impressed by them； and by their object in seeking the New World； that he decided 〃to leave the world； and give himself up entirely to God；〃 and go with them。
For the greater part of his life John Wesley kept a Journal； extracts from which were given to the public from time to time； and Benjamin Ingham's account of the voyage to Georgia was also printed； so that the story of those weeks is quite well known。 Nevertheless； something of interest may be gained by comparing these two Journals with the Diaries kept by David Nitschmann； Bishop of the Moravians； and John Andrew Dober； one of the second company。
To avoid confusion it should be noted that the difference of eleven days in the dates is only apparent； not real； for the Englishmen used the old style calendar； the Germans employed the modern one。 In 46 B。 C。 the Roman Calendar had gained two months on the actual seasons； and a more accurate calculation resulted in the adoption of the so…called 〃Julian Calendar〃 （prepared at the request of Julius Caesar）； the two missing months being inserted between November and December in that 〃year of confusion〃。 By 1582； however； the Julian Calendar had fallen ten days behind the seasons； so another calculation was made； and Pope Gregory XIII abolished the Julian Calendar in all Catholic countries； dropped the dates of ten days from that year； and established the 〃reformed〃； or 〃Gregorian Calendar〃。 This was adopted in Catholic Germany； in 1583； in Protestant Germany and Holland； in 1700； but in England not until 1752； by which time the difference had increased to eleven days。 Following the ancient Jewish custom the Year； for many centuries； began with the 25th of March； but public sentiment came to favor the 1st of January as the more appropriate date； and it was gradually adopted。 In England； however； the legal year continued to begin with March 25th； until 1752； although many people were either using the newer fashion； or indicating both； and a date might be correctly written in four ways； e。g。 January 10th； 1734； old style； legal； January 10th； 1734…5； or January 10th； 1735； old style； popular； and January 21st； 1735； new style； the last agreeing with the calendar now in general use。
Bishop Nitschmann gives the outline of their religious services on almost every day； and in the translation which follows these are generally omitted； in the same way some paragraphs are left out of the Wesley Journal。 Extracts from Dober's and Ingham's Journals are inserted when they give facts not otherwise noted。
24 Oct。 1735。
Nitschmann's Diary。 Oct。 24th； 1735。
I went to the ship； （the ‘Simmonds'； Captain Cornish）。 My heart rejoiced to be once more with the Brethren。 In the evening we held our song service。
（We have all given ourselves to the Lord； and pray that the Saviour may comfort our hearts with joy； and that we may attain our object； namely； to call the heathen； to become acquainted with those whom we have not known and who know us not； and to worship the name of the Lord。 Letter of Oct。 28。）
25 Oct。 1735。
John Wesley's Journal。 Oct。 14th； 1735； （O。 S。） Tuesday。
Mr。 Benjamin Ingham； of Queen's College； Oxford； Mr。 Charles Delamotte； son of a merchant in London； who had offered himself some days before； my brother Charles Wesley； and myself； took boat for Gravesend； in order to embark for Georgia。 Our end in leaving our native country was not to avoid want； （God having given us plenty of temporal blessings；） nor to gain the dung or dross of riches or honor； but singly this； to save our souls； to live wholly to the glory of God。 In the afternoon we found the ‘Simmonds' off Gravesend； and immediately went on board。
（We had two cabins allotted us in the forecastle； I and Mr。 Delamotte having the first； and Messrs。 Wesley the other。 Theirs was made pretty large； so that we could all meet together to read or pray in it。 This part of the ship was assigned to us by Mr。 Oglethorpe； as being most convenient for privacy。 Ingham's Journal。）
27 Oct。 1735。
Nitschmann。 Oct。 27th。
Bled Mrs。 Toeltschig and Mrs。 Zeisberger。 On deck one man was knocked down by another； striking his head on the deck so as to stun him。 In the evening we held our song service at the same hour that the English had theirs。 I spoke with Mr。 Oglethorpe and the two English clergymen； who asked concerning our ordination and our faith。 Mr。 Oglethorpe said he would be as our father； if we would permit it。
28 Oct。 1735。
Nitschmann。 Oct。 28th。
At our prayer…meeting considered Eph。 1； how our election may be made sure； I also wrote to the Congregation at Herrnhut。 Mrs。 Zeisberger was sick； and Mr。 Oglethorpe concerned himself about her comfort。
Wesley。 Oct。 17th。
I began to learn German in order to converse with the Germans； six and twenty* of whom we had on board。
* Twenty…five Moravians and the Wittenberg carpenter。
29 Oct。 1735。
Nitschmann。 Oct。 29th。
Spoke with the Wittenberg carpenter concerning his soul。
30 Oct。 1735。
Nitschmann。 Oct。 30th。
We decided who should attend to various duties during the voyage； and held our 〃Band〃 meetings。 （The 〃Bands〃 were small groups； closely associated for mutual religious improvement。） An English boy fell overboard； but was rescued by a sailor。
31 Oct。 1735。
Nitschmann。 Oct。 31st。
In the afternoon we sailed twelve miles from Gravesend。
Wesley。 Oct。 20th； Monday。
Believing the denying ourselves； even in the smallest instances； might； by the blessing of God； be helpful to us； we wholly left off the use of flesh and wine； and confined ourselves to vegetable food； chiefly rice and biscuit。 In the afternoon； David Nitschmann； Bishop of the Germans； and two others； began to learn English。 O may we be； not only of one tongue； but of one mind and of one heart。
1 Nov。 1735。
Nitschmann。 Nov。 1st。
The English clergyman began to spend an hour teaching us English。 In the early service we read concerning new life in the soul； the preceding night was blessed to me； and the Saviour was near。 At the evening service we spoke of earnest prayer and its answer。
（David Nitschmann； in the presence of all the members； formally installed certain of our members in office； David Tanneberger as overseer； Dober as teacher and monitor； Seybold as nurse for the brethren； and Mrs。 Dober as nurse for the sisters。 Dober's Diary。）
（We have arranged that one of us shall watch each night； of which Mr。 Oglethorpe approves。 Letter of Oct。 18th。）
Wesley。 Oct。 21st。
We sailed from Gravesend。 When we were past about half the Goodwin Sands the wind suddenly failed。 Had the calm continued till ebb； the ship had probably been lost。 But the gale sprung up again in an hour； and carried us into the Downs。
We now began to be a little regular。 Our common way of living was this： From four in the morning till five； each of us used private prayer。 From five to seven we read the Bible together； carefully comparing it （that we might not lean to our own understanding） with the writings of the earliest ages。 At seven we breakfasted。 At eight were the public prayers。 From nine to twelve I usually learned German and Mr。 Delamotte Greek。 My brother writ sermons； and Mr。 Ingham instructed the children。 At twelve we met to give an account to one another what we had done since our last meeting； and what we designed to do before our next。 About one we dined。 The time from dinner to four； we spent in reading to those whom each of us had taken in charge； or in speaking to them severally； as need required。 At four were the Evening Prayers； when either the Second Lesson was explained （as it always was in the morning；） or the children were catechised； and instructed before the congregation。 From five to six we again used private prayer。 From six to seven I read in our cabin to two or three of the passengers； （of whom there were about eighty English on board）； and each of my brethren to a few mo
