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a record of buddhistic kingdoms(倹脅芝村)-及28何蛍

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sufficiency of what they require�察�so that there is no lack or stint。��13�А�The 

disciplinary rules are strictly observed by them。 The laws regulating their 

demeanour in sitting�察�rising�察�and entering when the others are assembled�察�

are those which have been practised by all the saints since Buddha was in 

the world down to the present day。 The places of the four great topes have 

been   fixed�察  �and   handed   down   without   break�察  �since   Buddha   attained   to 



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nirvana。 Those four great topes are those at the places where Buddha was 

born�察�where he attained to Wisdom�察�where he ��began to�� move the wheel 

of his Law�察�and where he attained to pari´nirvana。 



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                                         NOTES 



     ��1�А�Gaya�察�a city of Magadha�察�was north´west of the present Gayah ��lat。 

24d   47s   N。�察  �lon。   85d   1s   E��。   It   was   here   that   Sakyamuni   lived   for   seven 

years�察�after quitting his family�察�until he attained to Buddhaship。 The place 

is still frequented by pilgrims。 E。 H。�察�p。 41。 

     ��2�А�This is told so as to make us think that he was in danger of being 

drowned�察�but this does not appear in the only other account of the incident 

I have met with��in ;The Life of the Buddha�察─�p。 31。 And he was not yet 

Buddha�察     �though    he  is  here   called   so�察 �unless   indeed    the  narrative    is 

confused�察�and the incidents do not follow in the order of time。 

     ��3�А�An incident similar to this is told�察�with many additions�察�in Hardy's 

M。 B。�察�pp。 166´168�察 �The Life of the Buddha�察─�p。 30�察�and the ;Buddhist 

Birth Stories�察─�pp。 91�察�92�察�but the name of the ministering girl or girls is 

different。 I take Gramika from a note in Beal's revised version�察�it seems to 

me a happy solution of the difficulty caused by the ��。�� ��。�� of Fa´hien。 

     ��4�А�Called ;the tree of leaves�察─�and ;the tree of reflection�察─�a palm tree�察�

the /borassus flabellifera/�察�described as a tree which never loses its leaves。 

It is often confounded with the pippala。 E。 H。�察�p。 92。 

     ��5�А�The kusa grass�察�mentioned in a previous note。 

     ��6�А�See the account of this contest with Mara in M。 B。�察�pp。 171´179�察�

and ;Buddhist Birth Stories�察─�pp。 96´101。 

     ��7�А�See chap。 xiii�察�note 7。 

     ��8�А  �Called   also   Maha�察  �or   the   Great   Muchilinda。   Eitel   says�此   �A  naga 

king�察�the tutelary deity of a lake near which Sakyamuni once sat for seven 

days absorbed in meditation�察�whilst the king guarded him。; The account ��p。 

35�� in ;The Life of the Buddha; is�此�Buddha went to where lived the naga 

king Muchilinda�察�and he�察�wishing to preserve him from the sun and rain�察�

wrapped his body seven times round him�察�and spread out his hood over his 

head�察�and there he remained seven days in thought。; So also the Nidana 

Katha�察�in ;Buddhist Birth Stories�察─�p。 109。 

     ��9�А  �This   was   Brahma     himself�察  �though    ;king;   is  omitted。   What    he 

requested of the Buddha was that he would begin the preaching of his Law。 

Nidana Katha�察�p。 111。 



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     ��10�А�See chap。 xii�察�note 10。 

     ��11�А�The other accounts mention only two�察�but in M。 B。�察�p。 182�察�and 

the   Nidana   Katha�察  �p。   110�察  �these   two   have   500   well´laden   waggons   with 

them。 

     ��12�А�These   must   not   be   confounded   with   Mahakasyapa of   chap。 xvi�察�

note 17。 They were three brothers�察�Uruvilva�察�Gaya�察�and Nadi´Kasyapa�察�up 

to   this  time   holders    of  ;erroneous;     views�察   �having    500�察  �300�察  �and    200 

disciples respectively。 They became distinguished followers of Sakyamuni�察�

and   areeach   of   themto   become   Buddha   by´and´by。   See   the   Nidana 

Katha�察�pp。 114�察�115。 

     ��13�А  �This   seems   to   be   the   meaning�察  �but   I   do   not   wonder   that   some 

understand the sentence of the benevolence of the monkish population to 

the travellers。 



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                         CHAPTER XXXII 



     LEGEND   OF         KING   ASOKA   IN   A   FORMER   BIRTH�察              �AND     HIS 

NARAKA。 

     When king Asoka�察�in a former birth�撮�1�А�was a little boy and played on 

the  road�察  �he   met   Kasyapa   Buddha   walking。   ��The   stranger��   begged   food�察�

and   the   boy   pleasantly   took   a   handful   of   earth   and   gave   it   to   him。   The 

Buddha   took   the   earth�察  �and   returned   it   to   the   ground   on   which   he   was 

walking�察    �but   because     of  this  ��the   boy��   received    the   recompense      of 

becoming   a   king   of   the   iron   wheel�撮�2�А  �to   rule   over   Jambudvipa。   ��Once�� 

when he was making a judicial tour of inspection through Jambudvipa�察�he 

saw�察   �between     the   iron  circuit   of  the   two   hills�察 �a  naraka��3�А    �for  the 

punishment   of   wicked   men。   Having   thereupon   asked   his   ministers   what 

sort of a thing it was�察�they replied�察 �It belongs to Yama�撮�4�А�king of demons�察�

for punishing wicked people。; The king thought within himself�此 ┌�Even�� 

the king of demons is able to make a naraka in which to deal with wicked 

men�察�why should not I�察�who am the lord of men�察�make a naraka in which 

to   deal   with   wicked   men�拭─  �He   forthwith   asked   his   ministers   who   could 

make for him a naraka and preside over the punishment of wicked people 

in   it。   They   replied   that   it   was   only   a   man   of   extreme   wickedness   who 

could make it�察�and the king thereupon sent officers to seek everywhere for 

��such�� a bad man�察�and they saw by the side of a pond a man tall and strong�察�

with a black countenance�察�yellow hair�察�and green eyes�察�hooking up the fish 

with his feet�察�while he called to him birds and beasts�察�and�察�when they came�察�

then shot and killed them�察�so that not one escaped。 Having got this man�察�

they took him to the king�察�who secretly charged him�察 �You must make a 

square enclosure with high walls。 Plant in it all kinds of flowers and fruits�察�

make good ponds in it for bathing�察�make it grand and imposing in every 

way�察�so that men shall look to it with thirsting desire�察�make its gates strong 

and sure�察�and when any one enters�察�instantly seize him and punish him as a 

sinner�察�not allowing him to get out。 Even if I should enter�察�punish me as a 

sinner in the same way�察�and do not let me go。 I now appoint you master of 

that naraka。; 

     Soon after this a bhikshu�察�pursuing his regular course of begging his 



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food�察�entered the gate ��of the place��。 When the lictors of the naraka saw 

him�察�they were about to subject him to their tortures�察�but he�察�frightened�察�

begged   them   to   allow   him   a   moment   in   which   to   eat   his   midday   meal。 

Immediately   after�察  �there   came   in   another   man�察  �whom   they   thrust   into   a 

mortar and pounded till a red froth overflowed。 As the bhikshu looked on�察�

there came to him the thought of the impermanence�察�the painful suffering 

and insanity of this body�察�and how it is but as a bubble and as foam�察�and 

instantly he attained to Arhatship。 Immediately after�察�the lictors seized him�察�

and threw him into a caldron of boiling water。 There was a look of joyful 

satisfaction�察     �however�察     �in   the   bhikshu's      countenance。       The     fire  was 

extinguished�察  �and   the   water   became   cold。   In   the   middle   ��of   the   caldron�� 

there rose up a lotus flower�察�with the bhikshu seated on it。 The lictors at 

once went and reported to the king that there was a marvellous occurrence 

in   the   naraka�察  �and   wished   him   to   go   and   see   it�察  �but   the   king   said�察   �I 

formerly made such an agreement that now I dare not go ��to the place��。; 

The   lictors   said�察   �This   is   not   a   small   matter。   Your   majesty   ought   to   go 

quickly。     Let   your    former    agreement       be  altered。;    The    king    thereupon 

followed them�察�and entered ��the naraka���察�when the bhikshu preached the 

Law      to  him�察   �and   he   believed�察    �and   was    made     free。��5�А   �Forthwith     he 

demolished the naraka�察�and repented of all the evil which he had formerly 

done。 From this time he believed in and honoured the Three Precious Ones�察�

and constantly went to a patra tree�察�repenting under it�察�with self´reproach�察�

of his errors�察�and accepting the eight rules of abstinence。��6�А�

     The   queen   asked   where   the   king   was   constantly   going   to�察  �and   the 

ministers replied that he was constantly to be seen under ��such and such�� a 

patra tree。 She watched for a time when the king was not there�察�and then 

sent   men   to   cut the   tree   down。 When the   king   came�察  �and   saw   what   had 

been   done�察  �he   swooned   away   with   sorrow�察  �and   fell   to   the   ground。   His 

ministers   sprinkled   water   on   his   face�察  �and   after   a   considerable   time   he 

revived。   He   then   built   all   round   ��the   stump��   with   bricks�察  �and   poured   a 

hundred pitchers of cows' milk on the roots�察�and as he lay with his four 

limbs spread out on the ground�察�he took this oath�察 �If the tree do not live�察�I 

will    never    rise  from    this。;   When      he   had   uttered    this  oath�察   �the  tree 

immediately began to grow from the roots�察�and it has continued to grow 



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