anomalies and curiosities of medicine-第10部分

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ll　liable　to　become　pregnant；　and　many　such　cases　have　been　recorded；　but　the　most　peculiar　cases　are　those　in　which　pregnancy　has　appeared　after　removal　of　some　of　the　sexual　apparatus。

Pregnancy　going　to　term　with　a　successful　delivery　frequently　follows　the　performance　of　ovariotomy　with　astonishing　rapidity。　Olier　cites　an　instance　of　ovariotomy　with　a　pregnancy　of　twins　three　months　afterward；　and　accouchement　at　term　of　two　well…developed　boys。　Polaillon　speaks　of　a　pregnancy　consecutive　to　ovariotomy；　the　accouchement　being　normal　at　term。　Crouch　reports　a　case　of　successful　parturition　in　a　patient　who　had　previously　undergone　ovariotomy　by　a　large　incision。　Parsons　mentions　a　case　of　twin　pregnancy　two　years　after　ovariotomy　attended　with　abnormal　development　of　one　of　the　children。　Cutter　speaks　of　a　case　in　which　a　woman　bore　a　child　one　year　after　the　performance　of　ovariotomy；　and　Pippingskold　of　two　cases　of　pregnancy　after　ovariotomy　in　which　the　stump　as　well　as　the　remaining　ovary　were　cauterized。　Brown　relates　a　similar　instance　with　successful　delivery。　Bixby；　Harding；　Walker　（1878…9）；　and　Mears　all　report　cases；　and　others　are　not　at　all　rare。　In　the　cases　following　shortly　after　operation；　it　has　been　suggested　that　they　may　be　explained　by　the　long　retention　of　the　ova　in　the　uterus；　deposited　them　prior　to　operation。　In　the　presence　of　such　facts　one　can　but　wonder　if　artificial　fecundation　of　an　ovum　derived　from　another　woman　may　ever　be　brought　about　in　the　uterus　of　a　sterile　woman！

Conception　Soon　After　a　Preceding　Pregnancy。Conception　sometimes　follows　birth　（or　abortion）　with　astonishing　rapidity；　and　some　women　seem　for　a　period　of　their　lives　either　always　pregnant　or　with　infants　at　their　breasts。　This　prolificity　is　often　alluded　to；　and　is　not　confined　to　the　lower　classes；　as　often　stated；　but　is　common　even　among　the　nobility。　Illustrative　of　this；　we　have　examples　in　some　of　the　reigning　families　in　Europe　to…day。　A　peculiar　instance　is　given　by　Sparkman　in　which　a　woman　conceived　just　forty　hours　after　abortion。　Rice　mentions　the　case　of　a　woman　who　was　confined　with　her　first　child；　a　boy；　on　July　31；　1870；　and　was　again　delivered　of　another　child　on　June　4；　1871。　She　had　become　pregnant　twenty…eight　days　after　delivery。　He　also　mentions　another　case　of　a　Mrs。　C。；　who；　at　the　age　of　twenty…three；　gave　birth　to　a　child　on　September　13；　1880；　and　bore　a　second　child　on　July　2；　1881。　She　must　have　become　pregnant　twenty…one　days　after　the　delivery　of　her　first　child。

Superfetation　has　been　known　for　many　centuries；　the　Romans　had　laws　prescribing　the　laws　of　succession　in　such　cases；　and　many　medical　writers　have　mentioned　it。　Hippocrates　and　Aristotle　wrote　of　it；　the　former　at　some　length。　Pliny　speaks　of　a　slave　who　bore　two　infants；　one　resembling　the　master；　the　other　a　man　with　whom　she　had　intercourse；　and　cites　the　case　as　one　of　superfetation。　Schenck　relates　instances；　and　Zacchias；　Velchius；　and　Sinibaldus　mention　eases。　Pare　seemed　to　be　well　conversant　with　the　possibility　as　well　as　the　actuality　of　superfetation；　and　Harvey　reports　that　a　certain　maid；　gotten　with　child　by　her　master；　in　order　to　hide　her　knavery　came　to　London　in　September；　where　she　lay　in　by　stealth；　and　being　recovered；　returned　home。　In　December　of　the　same　year　she　was　unexpectedly　delivered　of　another　child；　a　product　of　superfetation；　which　proclaimed　the　crime　that　she　had　so　cunningly　concealed　before。

Marcellus　Donatus；　Goret；　Schacher；　and　Mauriceau　mention　superfetation。　In　the　Academie　des　Sciences；　at　Paris；　in　1702；　there　was　mentioned　the　case　of　a　woman　who　was　delivered　of　a　boy；　in　the　placenta　was　discovered　a　sort　of　bladder　which　was　found　to　contain　a　female　fetus　of　the　age　of　from　four　to　five　months；　and　in　1729；　before　the　same　society；　there　was　an　instance　in　which　two　fetuses　were　born　a　day　apart；　one　aged　forty　days　and　the　other　at　full　term。　From　the　description；　it　does　not　seem　possible　that　either　of　these　were　blighted　twin　pregnancies。　Ruysch　gives　an　account　of　a　surgeon's　wife　at　Amsterdam；　in　1686；　who　was　delivered　of　a　strong　child　which　survived；　and；　six　hours　after；　of　a　small　embryo；　the　funis　of　which　was　full　of　hydatids　and　the　placenta　as　large　and　thick　as　one　of　three　months。　Ruysch　accompanies　his　description　with　an　illustrative　figure。　At　Lyons；　in　1782；　Benoite　Franquet　was　unexpectedly　delivered　of　a　child　seven　months　old；　three　weeks　later　she　experienced　symptoms　indicative　of　the　existence　of　another　fetus；　and　after　five　months　and　sixteen　days　she　was　delivered　of　a　remarkably　strong　and　healthy　child。

Baudeloque　speaks　of　a　case　of　superfetation　observed　by　Desgranges　in　Lyons　in　1780。　After　the　birth　of　the　first　infant　the　lochia　failed　to　flow；　no　milk　appeared　in　the　breasts；　and　the　belly　remained　large。　In　about　three　weeks　after　the　accouchement　she　had　connection　with　her　husband；　and　in　a　few　days　felt　fetal　movements。　A　second　child　was　born　at　term；　sixty…eight　days　after　the　first；　and　in　1782　both　children　were　living。　A　woman　of　Arles　was　delivered　on　November　11；　1796；　of　a　child　at　term；　she　had　connection　with　her　husband　four　days　after；　the　lochia　stopped；　and　the　milk　did　not　flow　after　this　intercourse。　About　one　and　a　half　months　after　this　she　felt　quickening　again；　and　naturally　supposed　that　she　had　become　impregnated　by　the　first　intercourse　after　confinement；　but　five　months　after　the　first　accouchement　she　was　delivered　of　another　child　at　term；　the　result　of　a　superfetation。　Milk　in　abundance　made　its　appearance；　and　she　was　amply　able　to　nourish　both　children　from　the　breasts。　Lachausse　speaks　of　a　woman　of　thirty　who　bore　one　child　on　April　30；　1748；　and　another　on　September　16th　in　the　same　year。　Her　breasts　were　full　enough　to　nourish　both　of　the　children。　It　might　be　remarked　in　comment　on　this　case　that；　according　to　a　French　authority；　the　woman　died　in　1755；　and　on　dissection　was　found　to　have　had　a　double　uterus。

A　peculiar　instance　of　superfetation　was　reported　by　Langmore　in　which　there　was　an　abortion　of　a　fetus　between　the　third　and　fourth　months；　apparently　dead　some　time；　and　thirteen　hours　later　a　second　fetus；　an　ovum　of　about　four　weeks　and　of　perfect　formation　was　found　adherent　near　the　fundus。　Tyler　Smith　mentions　a　lady　pregnant　for　the　first　time　who　miscarried　at　five　months　and　some　time　afterward　discharged　a　small　clot　containing　a　perfectly　fresh　and　healthy　ovum　of　about　four　weeks'　formation。　There　was　no　sign　of　a　double　uterus；　and　the　patient　menstruated　regularly　during　pregnancy；　being　unwell　three　weeks　before　the　abortion。　Harley　and　Tanner　speak　of　a　woman　of　thirty…eight　who　never　had　borne　twins；　and　who　aborted　a　fetus　of　four　months'　gestation；　serious　hemorrhage　accompanied　the　removal　of　the　placenta；　and　on　placing　the　hand　in　the　uterine　cavity　an　embryo　of　five　or　six　weeks　was　found　inclosed　in　a　sac　and　floating　in　clear　liquor　amnii。　The　patient　was　the　mother　of　nine　children；　the　youngest　of　which　was　three　years　old。

Young　speaks　of　a　woman　who　three　months　previously　had　aborted　a　three　months'　fetus；　but　a　tumor　still　remained　in　the　abdomen；　the　auscultation　of　which　gave　evidence　of　a　fetal　heart…beat。　Vaginal　examination　revealed　a　dilatation　of　the　os　uteri　of　at　least　one　inch　and　a　fetal　head　pressing　out；　subsequently　a　living　fetus　of　about　six　months　of　age　was　delivered。　Severe　hemorrhage　complicated　the　case；　but　was　controlled；　and　convalescence　speedily　ensued。　Huse　cites　an　instance　of　a　mother　bearing　a　boy　on　November　4；　1834；　and　a　girl　on　August　3；　1835。　At　birth　the　boy　looked　premature；　about　seven　months　old；　which　being　the　case；　the　girl　must　have　been　either　a　superfetation　or　a　seven　months'　child　also。　Van　Bibber　of　Baltimore　says　he　met　a　young　lady　who　was　born　five　months　after　her　sister；　and　who　was　still　living。

The　most　curious　and　convincing　examples　of　superfetation　are　those　in　which　children　of　different　colors；　either　twins　or　near　the　same　age；　are　born　to　the　same　woman；similar　to　that　exemplified　in　the　case　of　the　mare　who　was　covered　first　by　a　stallion　and　a　quarter　of　an　hour　later　by　an　ass；　and　gave　birth　at　one　parturition　to　a　horse　and　a　mule。　Parsons　speaks　of　a　case　at　Charleston；　S。C。；　in　1714；　of　a　white　woman　who　gave　birth　to　twins；　one　a　mulatto　and　the　other　white。　She　confessed　that　after　her　husband　left　her　a　negro　servant　came　to　her　and　forced　her　to　comply　with　his　wishes　by　threatening　her　life。　Smellie　mentions　the　case　of　a　black　woman　who　had　twins；　one　child　black　and　the　other　almost　white。　She　confessed　having　had　intercourse　with　a　white　overseer　immediately　after　her　husband　left　her　bed。　Dewees　reports　a　similar　case。　Newlin　of　Nashville　speaks　of　a　negress　who　bore　twins；　one　distinctly　black　with　the　typical　African　features；　while　the　other　was　a　pretty　mulatto　exhibiting　the　distinct　characters　of　the　Caucasian　race。　Both　the　parents　were　perfect　types　of　the　black　African　negro。　The　mother；　on　being　questioned；　frankly　acknowledged　that　shortly　after　being　with　her　husband　she　had　lain　a　night　with　a　white　man。　In　this　case　each　child　had　its　own　distinct　cord　and　placenta。

Archer　gives　facts　illustrating　and　observations　showing：　〃that　a　white　woman；　by　intercourse　with　a　white　man　and　negro；　may　conceive　twins；　one　of　which　shall　be　white　and　the　other　a　mulatto；　and　that；　vice　versa；　a　black　woman；　by　intercourse　with　a　negro　and　a　white　man；　may　conceive　twins；　one　of　which　shall　be　a　negro　and　the　other　a　mulatto。〃　Wight　narrates　that　he　was　called　to　see　a　woman；　the　wife　of　an　East　Indian　laborer　on　the　Isle　of　Trinidad；　who　had　been　delivered　of　a　fetus　6　inches　long；　about　four　months　old；　and　having　a　cord　of　about　18　inches　in　length。　He　removed　the　placenta；　and　in　about　half　an　hour　the　woman　was　delivered　of　a　full…term　white　female　child。　The　first　child　was　dark；　like　the　mother　and　father；　and　the　mother　denied　any　possibility　of　its　being　a　white　man's　child；　but　this　was　only　natural　on　her　part；　as　East　Indian　husbands　are　so　intensely　jealous　that　they　would　even　kill　an　unfaithful　wife。　Both　the　mother　and　the　mysterious　white　baby　are　doing　well。　Bou