anomalies and curiosities of medicine-第123部分

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olution　of　boric　acid　in　washing　out　a　dilated　stomach　The　symptoms　were　quite　similar　to　those　mentioned　by　Molodenkow。

In　recent　years　the　medical　profession　has　become　well　aware　that　in　its　application　to　wounds　it　is　possible　for　carbolic　acid　or　phenol　to　exercise　exceedingly　deleterious　and　even　fatal　consequences。　In　the　earlier　days　of　antisepsis；　when　operators　and　patients　were　exposed　for　some　time　to　an　atmosphere　saturated　with　carbolic　spray；　toxic　symptoms　were　occasionally　noticed。　Von　Langenbeck　spoke　of　severe　carbolic…acid　intoxication　n　a　boy　in　whom　carbolic　paste　had　been　used　in　the　treatment　of　abscesses。　The　same　author　reports　two　instances　of　death　following　the　employment　of　dry　carbolized　dressings　after　slight　operations。　Kohler　mentions　the　death　of　a　man　suffering　from　scabies　who　had　applied　externally　a　solution　containing　about　a　half　ounce　of　phenol。　Rose　spoke　of　gangrene　of　the　finger　after　the　application　of　carbolized　cotton　to　a　wound　thereon。　In　some　cases　phenol　acts　with　a　rapidity　equal　to　any　poison。　Taylor　speaks　of　a　man　who　fell　unconscious　ten　seconds　after　an　ounce　of　phenol　had　been　ingested；　and　in　three　minutes　was　dead。　There　is　recorded　an　account　of　a　man　of　sixty…four　who　was　killed　by　a　solution　containing　slightly　over　a　dram　of　phenol。　A　half　ounce　has　frequently　caused　death；　smaller　quantities　have　been　followed　by　distressing　symptoms；　such　as　intoxication　（which　Olshausen　has　noticed　to　follow　irrigation　of　the　uterus）；　delirium；　singultus；　nausea；　rigors；　cephalalgia；　tinnitus　aurium；　and　anasarca。　Hind　mentions　recovery　after　the　ingestion　of　nearly　six　ounces　of　crude　phenol　of　14　per　cent　strength。　There　was　a　case　at　the　Liverpool　Northern　Hospital　in　which　recovery　took　place　after　the　ingestion　with　suicidal　intent　of　four　ounces　of　crude　carbolic　acid。　Quoted　by　Lewin；　Busch　accurately　describes　a　case　which　may　be　mentioned　as　characteristic　of　the　symptoms　of　carbolism。　A　boy；　suffering　from　abscess　under　the　trochanter；　was　operated　on　for　its　relief。　During　the　few　minutes　occupied　by　the　operation　he　was　kept　under　a　two　per　cent　carbolic　spray；　and　the　wound　was　afterward　dressed　with　carbolic　gauze。　The　day　following　the　operation　he　was　seized　with　vomiting；　which　was　attributed　to　the　chloroform　used　as　an　anesthetic。　On　the　following　morning　the　bandages　were　removed　under　the　carbolic　spray；　during　the　day　there　was　nausea；　in　the　evening　there　was　collapse；　and　carbolic　acid　was　detected　in　the　urine。　The　pulse　became　small　and　frequent　and　the　temperature　sank　to　35。5　degrees　C。　The　frequent　vomiting　made　it　impossible　to　administer　remedies　by　the　stomach；　and；　in　spite　of　hypodermic　injections　and　external　application　of　analeptics；　the　boy　died　fifty　hours　after　operation。

Recovery　has　followed　the　ingestion　of　an　ounce　of　officinal　hydrochloric　acid。　Black　mentions　a　man　of　thirty…nine　who　recovered　after　swallowing　1　1/2　ounces　of　commercial　hydrochloric　acid。　Johnson　reports　a　case　of　poisoning　from　a　dram　of　hydrochloric　acid。　Tracheotomy　was　performed；　but　death　resulted。

Burman　mentions　recovery　after　the　ingestion　of　a　dram　of　dilute　hydrocyanic　acid　of　Scheele's　strength　（2。4　am。　of　the　acid）。　In　this　instance　insensibility　did　not　ensue　until　two　minutes　after　taking　the　poison；　the　retarded　digestion　being　the　means　of　saving　life。

Quoting　Taafe；　in　1862　Taylor　speaks　of　the　case　of　a　man　who　swallowed　the　greater　part　of　a　solution　containing　an　ounce　of　potassium　cyanid。　In　a　few　minutes　the　man　was　found　insensible　in　the　street；　breathing　stertorously；　and　in　ten　minutes　after　the　ingestion　of　the　drug　the　stomach…pump　was　applied。　In　two　hours　vomiting　began；　and　thereafter　recovery　was　rapid。

Mitscherlich　speaks　of　erosion　of　the　gums　and　tongue　with　hemorrhage　at　the　slightest　provocation；　following　the　long　administration　of　dilute　nitric　acid。　This　was　possibly　due　to　the　local　action。

According　to　Taylor；　the　smallest　quantity　of　oxalic　acid　causing　death　is　one　dram。　Ellis　describes　a　woman　of　fifty　who　swallowed　an　ounce　of　oxalic　acid　in　beer。　In　thirty　minutes　she　complained　of　a　burning　pain　in　the　stomach　and　was　rolling　about　in　agony。　Chalk　and　water　was　immediately　given　to　her　and　she　recovered。　Woodman　reports　recovery　after　taking　1/2　ounce　of　oxalic　acid。

Salicylic　acid　in　medicinal　doses　frequently　causes　untoward　symptoms；　such　as　dizziness；　transient　delirium；　diminution　of　vision；　headache；　and　profuse　perspiration；　petechial　eruptions　and　intense　gastric　symptoms　have　also　been　noticed。

Sulphuric　acid　causes　death　from　its　corrosive　action；　and　when　taken　in　excessive　quantities　it　produces　great　gastric　disturbance；　however；　there　are　persons　addicted　to　taking　oil　of　vitriol　without　any　apparent　untoward　effect。　There　is　mentioned　a　boot…maker　who　constantly　took　1/2　ounce　of　the　strong　acid　in　a　tumbler　of　water；　saying　that　it　relieved　his　dyspepsia　and　kept　his　bowels　open。

Antimony。It　is　recorded　that　3/4　grain　of　tartar　emetic　has　caused　death　in　a　child　and　two　grains　in　an　adult。　Falot　reports　three　cases　in　which　after　small　doses　of　tartar　emetic　there　occurred　vomiting；　delirium；　spasms；　and　such　depression　of　vitality　that　only　the　energetic　use　of　stimulants　saved　life。　Beau　mentions　death　following　the　administration　of　two　doses　of　1　1/2　gr。　of　tartar　emetic。　Preparations　of　antimony　in　an　ointment　applied　locally　have　caused　necrosis；　particularly　of　the　cranium；　and　Hebra　has　long　since　denounced　the　use　of　tartar　emetic　ointment　in　affections　of　the　scalp。　Carpenter　mentions　recovery　after　ingestion　of　two　drams　of　tartar　emetic。　Behrends　describes　a　case　of　catalepsy　with　mania；　in　which　a　dose　of　40　gr。　of　tartar　emetic　was　tolerated；　and　Morgagni　speaks　of　a　man　who　swallowed　two　drams；　immediately　vomited；　and　recovered。　Instances　like　the　last；　in　which　an　excessive　amount　of　a　poison　by　its　sudden　emetic　action　induces　vomiting　before　there　is　absorption　of　a　sufficient　quantity　to　cause　death；　are　sometimes　noticed。　McCreery　mentions　a　case　of　accidental　poisoning　with　half　an　ounce　of　tartar　emetic　successfully　treated　with　green　tea　and　tannin。　Mason　reports　recovery　after　taking　80　gr。　of　tartar　emetic。

Arsenic。The　sources　of　arsenical　poisoning　are　so　curious　as　to　deserve　mention。　Confectionery；　wall…paper；　dyes；　and　the　like　are　examples。　In　other　cases　we　note　money…counting；　the　colored　candles　of　a　Christmas　tree；　paper　collars；　ball…wreaths　of　artificial　flowers；　ball…dresses　made　of　green　tarlatan；　playing　cards；　hat…lining；　and　fly…papers。　

Bazin　has　reported　a　case　in　which　erythematous　pustules　appeared　after　the　exhibition　during　fifteen　days　of　the　5/6　gr。　of　arsenic。　Macnal　speaks　of　an　eruption　similar　to　that　of　measles　in　a　patient　to　whom　he　had　given　but　three　drops　of　Fowler's　solution　for　the　short　period　of　three　days。　Pareira　says　that　in　a　gouty　patient　for　whom　he　prescribed　1/6　gr。　of　potassium　arseniate　daily；　on　the　third　day　there　appeared　a　bright　red　eruption　of　the　face；　neck；　upper　part　of　the　trunk　and　flexor　surfaces　of　the　joints；　and　an　edematous　condition　of　the　eyelids。　The　symptoms　were　preceded　by　restlessness；　headache；　and　heat　of　the　skin；　and　subsided　gradually　after　the　second　or　third　day；　desquamation　continuing　for　nearly　two　months。　After　they　had　subsided　entirely；　the　exhibition　of　arsenic　again　aroused　them；　and　this　time　they　were　accompanied　by　salivation。　Charcot　and　other　French　authors　have　noticed　the　frequent　occurrence　of　suspension　of　the　sexual　instinct　during　the　administration　of　Fowler's　solution。　Jackson　speaks　of　recovery　after　the　ingestion　of　two　ounces　of　arsenic　by　the　early　employment　of　an　emetic。　Walsh　reports　a　case　in　which　600　gr。　of　arsenic　were　taken　without　injury。　The　remarkable　tolerance　of　arsenic　eaters　is　well　known。　Taylor　asserts　that　the　smallest　lethal　dose　of　arsenic　has　been　two　gr。；　but　Tardieu　mentions　an　instance　in　which　ten　cgm。　（1　1/2　gr。）　has　caused　death。　Mackenzie　speaks　of　a　man　who　swallowed　a　large　quantity　of　arsenic　in　lumps；　and　received　no　treatment　for　sixteen　hours；　but　recovered。　It　is　added　that　from　two　masses　passed　by　the　anus　105　gr。　of　arsenic　were　obtained。

In　speaking　of　the　tolerance　of　belladonna；　in　1859　Fuller　mentioned　a　child　of　fourteen　who　in　eighteen　days　took　37　grains　of　atropin；　a　child　of　ten　who　took　seven　grains　of　extract　of　belladonna　daily；　or　more　than　two　ounces　in　twenty…six　days；　and　a　man　who　took　64　grains　of　the　extract　of　belladonna　daily；　and　from　whose　urine　enough　atropin　was　extracted　to　kill　two　white　mice　and　to　narcotize　two　others。　Bader　has　observed　grave　symptoms　following　the　employment　of　a　vaginal　suppository　containing　three　grains　of　the　extract　of　belladonna。　The　dermal　manifestations；　such　as　urticaria　and　eruptions　resembling　the　exanthem　of　scarlatina；　are　too　well　known　to　need　mention　here。　An　enema　containing　80　grains　of　belladonna　root　has　been　followed　in　five　hours　by　death；　and　Taylor　has　mentioned　recovery　after　the　ingestion　of　three　drams　of　belladonna。　In　1864　Chambers　reported　to　the　Lancet　the　recovery　of　a　child　of　four　years　who　took　a　solution　containing　1/2　grain　of　the　alkaloid。　In　some　cases　the　idiosyncrasy　to　belladonna　is　so　marked　that　violent　symptoms　follow　the　application　of　the　ordinary　belladonna　plaster。　Maddox　describes　a　ease　of　poisoning　in　a　music　teacher　by　the　belladonna　plaster　of　a　reputable　maker。　She　had　obscure　eye…symptoms；　and　her　color…sensations　were　abnormal。　Locomotor　equilibration　was　also　affected。　Golden　mentions　two　cases　in　which　the　application　of　belladonna　ointment　to　the　breasts　caused　suppression　of　the　secretion　of　milk。　Goodwin　relates　the　history　of　a　case　in　which　an　infant　was　poisoned　by　a　belladonna　plaster　applied　to　its　mother's　breast　and　died　within　twenty…four　hours　after　the　first　application　of　the　plaster。　In　1881　Betancourt　spoke　of　an　instance　of　inherited　susceptibility　to　belladonna；　in　which　the　external　application　of　the　ointment　produced　all　the　symptoms　of　belladonna　poisoning。　Cooper　mentions　the　symptoms　of　poisoning　following　the　application　of　extract　of　belladonna　to　the　scrotum。　Davison　reports　poisoning　by