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410 BC
ELECTRA
by Sophocles
translated by R。 C。 Jebb
CHARACTERS IN THE PLAY
ORESTES�察�son of Agamemnon and CLYTEMNESTRA
ELECTRA �� sister of ORESTES
CHRYSOTHEMIS�� ; ; ;
AN OLD MAN�察�formerly the PAEDAGOGUS or Attendant Of ORESTES
CLYTEMNESTRA
AEGISTHUS
CHORUS OF WOMEN OF MYCENAE
Mute Persons
PYLADES�察�son of Strophius�察�King of Crisa�察�the friend Of ORESTES。
A handmaid of CLYTEMNESTRA。 Two attendants of ORESTES
ELECTRA
ELECTRA
��SCENE�此� At Mycenae�察�before the palace of the Pelopidae。 It is morning
and the new´risen sun is bright。 The PAEDAGOGUS enters on the left
of the spectators�察�accompanied by the two youths�察�ORESTES and
PYLADES。��
PAEDAGOGUS
SON of him who led our hosts at Troy of old�察�son of Agamemnon� � now
thou mayest behold with thine eyes all that thy soul hath desired so
long。 There is the ancient Argos of thy yearning�察� that hallowed scene
whence the gadfly drove the daughter of Inachus�察�and there�察�Orestes��
is the Lycean Agora�察�named from the wolf´slaying god�察�there�察�on the
left�察�Hera's famous temple�察�and in this place to which we have come��
deem that thou seest Mycenae rich in gold�察�with the house of the
Pelopidae there�察�so often stained with bloodshed�察�whence I carried
thee of yore�察�from the slaying of thy father�察�as thy kinswoman�察�thy
sister�察�charged me�察�and saved thee�察�and reared thee up to manhood��
to be the avenger of thy murdered sire。
Now�察�therefore�察�Orestes�察�and thou�察�best of friends�察�Pylades�察�our
plans must be laid quickly�察�for lo�察�already the sun's bright ray is
waking the songs of the birds into clearness�察�and the dark night of
stars is spent。 Before�察�then�察�anyone comes forth from the house��
take counsel�察�seeing that the time allows not of delay�察�but is full
ripe for deeds。
ORESTES
True friend and follower�察�how well dost thou prove thy loyalty
to our house� �As a steed of generous race�察�though old�察�loses not
courage in danger�察�but pricks his ear�察�even so thou urgest us forward��
and art foremost in our support。 I will tell thee�察�then�察�what I have
determined�察�listen closely to my words�察�and correct me�察�if I miss
the mark in aught。
When I went to the Pythian oracle�察�to learn how I might avenge
my father on his murderers�察�Phoebus gave me the response which thou
art now to hear�此� that alone�察�and by stealth�察�without aid of arms or
numbers�察�I should snatch the righteous vengeance of my hand。 Since��
then�察�the god spake to us on this wise�察�thou must go into yonder
house�察�when opportunity gives thee entrance�察�and learn all that is
passing there�察�so that thou mayest report to us from sure knowledge。
Thine age�察�and the lapse of time�察�will prevent them from recognising
thee�察�they will never suspect who thou art�察�with that silvered hair。
Let thy tale be that thou art a Phocian stranger�察�sent by Phanoteus��
for he is the greatest of their allies。 Tell them�察�and confirm it with
thine oath�察�that Orestes hath perished by a fatal chance�察� hurled at
the Pythian games from his rapid chariot�察�be that the substance of thy
story。
We�察�meanwhile�察�will first crown my father's tomb�察�as the god
enjoined�察�with drink´offerings and the luxuriant tribute of severed
hair�察�then come back�察�bearing in our hands an urn of shapely
bronze�察�now hidden in the brushwood�察�as I think thou knowest�察� so to
gladden them with the false tidings that this my body is no more��
but has been consumed with fire and turned to ashes。 Why should the
omen trouble me�察�when by a feigned death I find life indeed�察�and win
renown�拭�I trow�察�no word is ill´omened�察�if fraught with gain。 Often ere
now have I seen wise men die in vain report�察�then�察�when they return
home�察�they are held in more abiding honour�此�as I trust that from
this rumour I also shall emerge in radiant life�察�and yet shine like
a star upon my foes。
O my fatherland�察�and ye gods of the land�察�receive me with good
fortune in this journey�察� and ye also�察�halls of my fathers�察�for I come
with divine mandate to cleanse you righteously�察�send me not
dishonoured from the land�察�but grant that I may rule over my
possessions�察�and restore my house��
Enough�察� be it now thy care�察�old man�察�to go and heed thy task��
and we twain will go forth�察�for so occasion bids�察�chief ruler of every
enterprise for men。
ELECTRA ��within��
Ah me�察�ah me��
PAEDAGOGUS
Hark�察�my son�察� from the doors�察�methought�察�came the sound of some
handmaid moaning within。
ORESTES
Can it be the hapless Electra�拭�Shall we stay here�察�and listen to
her laments��
PAEDAGOGUS
No�察�no�此�before all else�察�let us seek to obey the command of
Loxias�察�and thence make a fair beginning�察�by pouring libations to
thy sire�察�that brings victory within our grasp�察�and gives us the
mastery in all that we do。
��Exeunt PAEDAGOGUS on the spectators' left�察�ORESTES and PYLADES
the right。´ Enter ELECTRA�察�from the house。 She is meanly clad。��
ELECTRA ��chanting��
systema
O thou pure sunlight�察�and thou air�察�earth's canopy�察�how often have
ye heard the strains of my lament�察�the wild blows dealt against this
bleeding breast�察�when dark night fails� �And my wretched couch in
yonder house of woe knows well�察�ere now�察�how I keep the watches of the
night�察� how often I bewail my hapless sire�察�to whom deadly Ares gave
not of his gifts in a strange land�察�but my mother�察�and her mate
Aegisthus�察�cleft his head with murderous axe�察�as woodmen fell an
oak。 And for this no plaint bursts from any lip save mine�察�when
thou�察�my father�察�hath died a death so cruel and so piteous��
antisystema
But never will I cease from dirge and sore lament�察�while I look on
the trembling rays of the bright stars�察�or on this light of day�察�but
like the nightingale�察�slayer of her offspring�察�I will wail without
ceasing�察�and cry aloud to all�察�here�察�at the doors of my father。
O home of Hades and Persephone� �O Hermes of the shades� �potent
Curse�察�and ye�察�dread daughters of the gods�察�Erinyes�察� Ye who behold
when a life is reft by violence�察�when a bed is dishonoured by
stealth�察� come�察�help me�察�avenge the murder of my sire�察� and send to me
my brother�察�for I have no more the strength to bear up alone against
the load of grief that weighs me down。
��As ELECTRA finishes her lament��
the CHORUS OF WOMEN OF MYCENAE enter。 The following
lines between ELECTRA and the CHORUS are chanted responsively。��
CHORUS
strophe 1
Ah�察�Electra�察�child of a wretched mother�察�why art thou ever
pining thus in ceaseless lament for Agamemnon�察�who long ago was
wickedly ensnared by thy false mother's wiles�察�and betrayed to death
by dastardly hand�拭�Perish the author of that deed�察�if I may utter such
prayer��
ELECTRA
Ah�察�noble´hearted maidens�察�ye have come to soothe my woes。 I
know and feel it�察�it escapes me not�察�but I cannot leave this task
undone�察�or cease from mourning for my hapless sire。 Ah�察�friends
whose love responds to mine in every mood�察�leave me to rave thus�察�
Oh leave me�察�I entreat you��
CHORUS
antistrophe 1
But never by laments or prayers shalt thou recall thy sire from
that lake of Hades to which all must pass。 Nay�察�thine is a fatal
course of grief�察�passing ever from due bounds into a cureless
sorrow�察�wherein there is no deliverance from evils。 Say�察�wherefore art
thou enamoured of misery��
ELECTRA
Foolish is the child who forgets a parent's piteous death。 No��
dearer to my soul is the mourner that laments for Itys�察�Itys��
evermore�察�that bird distraught with grief�察�the messenger of Zeus。
Ah�察�queen of sorrow�察�Niobe�察�thee I deem divine�察� thee�察�who evermore
weepest in thy rocky tomb��
CHORUS
strophe 2
Not to thee alone of mortals�察�my daughter�察�hath come any sorrow
which thou bearest less calmly than those within�察�thy kinswomen and
sisters�察�Chrysothemis and Iphianassa��I who still live�察� as he�察�too��
lives�察�sorrowing in a secluded youth�察�yet happy in that this famous
realm of Mycenae shall one day welcome him to his heritage�察�when the
kindly guidance of Zeus shall have brought him to this land�察�Orestes。
ELECTRA
Yes�察�I wait for him with unwearied longing�察�as I move on my sad
path from day to day�察�unwed and childless�察�bathed in tears�察�bearing
that endless doom of woe�察�but he forgets all that he has suffered
and heard。 What message comes to me�察�that is not belied�拭�He is ever
yearning to be with us�察�but�察�though he yearns�察�he never resolves。
CHORUS
antistrophe 2
Courage�察�my daughter�察�courage�察�great still in heaven is Zeus��
who sees and governs all�此�leave thy bitter quarrel to him�察�forget
not thy foes�察�but refrain from excess of wrath against them�察�for
Time is god who makes rough ways smooth。 Not heedless is the son of
Agamemnon�察�who dwells by Crisa's pastoral shore�察�not heedless is the
god who reigns by Acheron。
ELECTRA
Nay�察�the best part of life hath passed away from me in
hopelessness�察�and I have no strength left�察�I�察�who am pining away
without children�察� whom no loving champion shields�察� but�察�like some
despised alien�察�I serve in the halls of my father�察�clad in this mean
garb�察�and standing at a meagre board。
CHORUS
strophe 3
Piteous was the voice heard at his return�察�and piteou