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travels with a donkey in the cevennes-及18何蛍

弌傍�� travels with a donkey in the cevennes 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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Cevennes still Protestant。  It is not a basketful of law´papers�察�

nor the hoofs and pistol´butts of a regiment of horse�察�that can 

change one tittle of a ploughman's thoughts。  Outdoor rustic people 

have not many ideas�察�but such as they have are hardy plants�察�and 

thrive flourishingly in persecution。  One who has grown a long 

while in the sweat of laborious noons�察�and under the stars at 

night�察�a frequenter of hills and forests�察�an old honest countryman�察�

has�察�in the end�察�a sense of communion with the powers of the 

universe�察�and amicable relations towards his God。  Like my mountain 

Plymouth Brother�察�he knows the Lord。  His religion does not repose 

upon a choice of logic�察�it is the poetry of the man's experience�察�

the philosophy of the history of his life。  God�察�like a great 

power�察�like a great shining sun�察�has appeared to this simple fellow 

in the course of years�察�and become the ground and essence of his 

least reflections�察�and you may change creeds and dogmas by 

authority�察�or proclaim a new religion with the sound of trumpets�察�

if you will�察�but here is a man who has his own thoughts�察�and will 

stubbornly adhere to them in good and evil。  He is a Catholic�察�a 

Protestant�察�or a Plymouth Brother�察�in the same indefeasible sense 

that a man is not a woman�察�or a woman not a man。  For he could not 

vary from his faith�察�unless he could eradicate all memory of the 

past�察�and�察�in a strict and not a conventional meaning�察�change his 

mind。







THE HEART OF THE COUNTRY







I WAS now drawing near to Cassagnas�察�a cluster of black roofs upon 

the hillside�察�in this wild valley�察�among chestnut gardens�察�and 

looked upon in the clear air by many rocky peaks。  The road along 

the Mimente is yet new�察�nor have the mountaineers recovered their 

surprise when the first cart arrived at Cassagnas。  But although it 

lay thus apart from the current of men's business�察�this hamlet had 

already made a figure in the history of France。  Hard by�察�in 

caverns of the mountain�察�was one of the five arsenals of the 

Camisards�察�where they laid up clothes and corn and arms against 

necessity�察�forged bayonets and sabres�察�and made themselves 

gunpowder with willow charcoal and saltpetre boiled in kettles。  To 

the same caves�察�amid this multifarious industry�察�the sick and 

wounded were brought up to heal�察�and there they were visited by the 

two surgeons�察�Chabrier and Tavan�察�and secretly nursed by women of 

the neighbourhood。



Of the five legions into which the Camisards were divided�察�it was 

the oldest and the most obscure that had its magazines by 

Cassagnas。  This was the band of Spirit Seguier�察�men who had joined 

their voices with his in the 68th Psalm as they marched down by 

night on the archpriest of the Cevennes。  Seguier�察�promoted to 

heaven�察�was succeeded by Salomon Couderc�察�whom Cavalier treats in 

his memoirs as chaplain´general to the whole army of the Camisards。  

He was a prophet�察�a great reader of the heart�察�who admitted people 

to the sacrament or refused them�察�by 'intensively viewing every 

man' between the eyes�察�and had the most of the Scriptures off by 

rote。  And this was surely happy�察�since in a surprise in August 

1703�察�he lost his mule�察�his portfolios�察�and his Bible。  It is only 

strange that they were not surprised more often and more 

effectually�察�for this legion of Cassagnas was truly patriarchal in 

its theory of war�察�and camped without sentries�察�leaving that duty 

to the angels of the God for whom they fought。  This is a token�察�

not only of their faith�察�but of the trackless country where they 

harboured。  M。 de Caladon�察�taking a stroll one fine day�察�walked 

without warning into their midst�察�as he might have walked into 'a 

flock of sheep in a plain��' and found some asleep and some awake 

and psalm´singing。  A traitor had need of no recommendation to 

insinuate himself among their ranks�察�beyond 'his faculty of singing 

psalms'�察�and even the prophet Salomon 'took him into a particular 

friendship。'  Thus�察�among their intricate hills�察�the rustic troop 

subsisted�察�and history can attribute few exploits to them but 

sacraments and ecstasies。



People of this tough and simple stock will not�察�as I have just been 

saying�察�prove variable in religion�察�nor will they get nearer to 

apostasy than a mere external conformity like that of Naaman in the 

house of Rimmon。  When Louis XVI。�察�in the words of the edict�察�

'convinced by the uselessness of a century of persecutions�察�and 

rather from necessity than sympathy��' granted at last a royal grace 

of toleration�察�Cassagnas was still Protestant�察�and to a man�察�it is 

so to this day。  There is�察�indeed�察�one family that is not 

Protestant�察�but neither is it Catholic。  It is that of a Catholic 

CURE in revolt�察�who has taken to his bosom a schoolmistress。  And 

his conduct�察�it is worth noting�察�is disapproved by the Protestant 

villagers。



'It is a bad idea for a man��' said one�察�'to go back from his 

engagements。'



The villagers whom I saw seemed intelligent after a countrified 

fashion�察�and were all plain and dignified in manner。  As a 

Protestant myself�察�I was well looked upon�察�and my acquaintance with 

history gained me further respect。  For we had something not unlike 

a religious controversy at table�察�a gendarme and a merchant with 

whom I dined being both strangers to the place�察�and Catholics。  The 

young men of the house stood round and supported me�察�and the whole 

discussion was tolerantly conducted�察�and surprised a man brought up 

among the infinitesimal and contentious differences of Scotland。  

The merchant�察�indeed�察�grew a little warm�察�and was far less pleased 

than some others with my historical acquirements。  But the gendarme 

was mighty easy over it all。



'It's a bad idea for a man to change��' said he�察�and the remark was 

generally applauded。



That was not the opinion of the priest and soldier at Our Lady of 

the Snows。  But this is a different race�察�and perhaps the same 

great´heartedness that upheld them to resist�察�now enables them to 

differ in a kind spirit。  For courage respects courage�察�but where a 

faith has been trodden out�察�we may look for a mean and narrow 

population。  The true work of Bruce and Wallace was the union of 

the nations�察�not that they should stand apart a while longer�察�

skirmishing upon their borders�察�but that�察�when the time came�察�they 

might unite with self´respect。



The merchant was much interested in my journey�察�and thought it 

dangerous to sleep afield。



'There are the wolves��' said he�察�'and then it is known you are an 

Englishman。  The English have always long purses�察�and it might very 

well enter into some one's head to deal you an ill blow some 

night。'



I told him I was not much afraid of such accidents�察�and at any rate 

judged it unwise to dwell upon alarms or consider small perils in 

the arrangement of life。  Life itself�察�I submitted�察�was a far too 

risky business as a whole to make each additional particular of 

danger worth regard。  'Something��' said I�察�'might burst in your 

inside any day of the week�察�and there would be an end of you�察�if 

you were locked into your room with three turns of the key。'



'CEPENDANT��' said he�察�'COUCHER DEHORS��'



'God��' said I�察�'is everywhere。'



'CEPENDANT�察�COUCHER DEHORS��' he repeated�察�and his voice was 

eloquent of terror。



He was the only person�察�in all my voyage�察�who saw anything hardy in 

so simple a proceeding�察�although many considered it superfluous。  

Only one�察�on the other hand�察�professed much delight in the idea�察�

and that was my Plymouth Brother�察�who cried out�察�when I told him I 

sometimes preferred sleeping under the stars to a close and noisy 

ale´house�察�'Now I see that you know the Lord��'



The merchant asked me for one of my cards as I was leaving�察�for he 

said I should be something to talk of in the future�察�and desired me 

to make a note of his request and reason�察�a desire with which I 

have thus complied。



A little after two I struck across the Mimente�察�and took a rugged 

path southward up a hillside covered with loose stones and tufts of 

heather。  At the top�察�as is the habit of the country�察�the path 

disappeared�察�and I left my she´ass munching heather�察�and went 

forward alone to seek a road。



I was now on the separation of two vast water´sheds�察�behind me all 

the streams were bound for the Garonne and the Western Ocean�察�

before me was the basin of the Rhone。  Hence�察�as from the Lozere�察�

you can see in clear weather the shining of the Gulf of Lyons�察�and 

perhaps from here the soldiers of Salomon may have watched for the 

topsails of Sir Cloudesley Shovel�察�and the long´promised aid from 

England。  You may take this ridge as lying in the heart of the 

country of the Camisards�察�four of the five legions camped all round 

it and almost within view ´ Salomon and Joani to the north�察�

Castanet and Roland to the south�察�and when Julien had finished his 

famous work�察�the devastation of the High Cevennes�察�which lasted all 

through October and November 1703�察�and during which four hundred 

and sixty villages and hamlets were�察�with fire and pickaxe�察�utterly 

subverted�察�a man standing on this eminence would have looked forth 

upon a silent�察�smokeless�察�and dispeopled land。  Time and man's 

activity have now repaired these ruins�察�Cassagnas is once more 

roofed and sending up domestic smoke�察�and in the chestnut gardens�察�

in low and leafy corners�察�many a prosperous farmer returns�察�when 

the day's work is done�察�to his children and bright hearth。  And 

still it was perhaps the wildest view of all my journey。  Peak upon 

peak�察�chain upon chain of hills ran surging southward�察�channelled 

and sculptured by the winter streams�察�feathered from head to foot 

with chestnuts�察�and here and there breaking out into a coronal of 

cliffs。  The sun�察�which was still far from setting�察�sent a drift of 

misty gold across the hill´tops�察�but the

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