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how to learn any language-及17何蛍

弌傍�� how to learn any language 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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Cinderella¨s sister¨s foot。 Over ninety percent will fit�察�automatically�察�neatly�察�or after some  
effort。 The others�察�the holdouts�察�will have to be learned by old familiar rote learning。    
Don¨t forget�此�make your associations vivid�察�even if that means making them vulgar。    
You¨ll find that so many truly comical cartoons will dance through your head as  
you craft your associative images�察�you¨ll find yourself constantly having to explain  
^What¨s so funny�拭院�to native speakers who wonder what¨s so hilarious about those  
ordinary words they¨re teaching you in their language�    �
                          
The Plunge                   
Talk�         �
Americans feel�察�with justification�察�that we¨re handicapped when it come to learning other  
languages。 Smaller countries with lots of borders and lots of strange languages on the  
other side offer more opportunities to absorb other languages than a gigantic United  
States bounded by the world¨s two largest oceans and only two land neighbours�察�the  
larger one speaking�察�for the most part�察�the same language we do。    
Admittedly�察�it¨s hard to find a Dutchman who doesn¨t speak four or five languages�察 �
a Swiss who doesn¨t speak at least three�察�or a Finn�察�a Belgian�察�or a Hong Kong Chinese  
who doesn¨t speak at least two。 Norwegians�察�Swedes�察�and Danes subject us to the  
humiliation of speaking fluent English ot each other just to be polite when Americans are  
present。    
Those peoples are not kissed by tongues of flame that render them more intelligent  
than Americans。 They¨re simply positioned better by geography and history when it  
comes to acquiring more than one language。    
Americans�察�however�察�hold one high card that too frequently goes unplayed。 We¨re  
gregarious。 We¨re extroverts。 Some say it contemptuously。 Some say it admiringly。 But  
those who know us best agree that we Americans are the only people in the world who  
enjoy speaking another language badly�    �
The typical European would sooner invite you to inspect his bedroom fifty seconds  
after waking up than speak a language he doesn¨t speak well。 Most people in the world  
are shy�察�embarrassed�察�even paralysed when it comes to letting themselves be heard in  
languages they speak less than fluently。 An American may master a foreign language to  
the point where he considers himself fluent。 A European�察�however�察�who speaks a  
language equally well and no better will often deny he speaks it at all�    �
Give an American a word in another language and he¨s in action。 Give him a phrase  
and he¨s in deeper action。 Give him five phrases and he¨s dangerous。 Take that American  
trait and exemplify it。    
Talk。 Go ahead and talk�    �
 
Head into your target language like a moth to the flame�察�like a politician to the vote。  
Is the gentleman you¨ve just been introduced to from France�拭�And is French the language  
you happen to be studying�拭�Then attack。    
Don¨t you dare offer a lame chuckle as you explain in English that you¨re trying to  
learn French but you¨re sorry�察�you¨re not very good at it yet。 That¨s like giggling and  
telling the mugger who ambushes you in an alley that you¨re learning karate but sorry�察 �
you¨re not very good at it yet。    
It¨s okay to tell him you¨re just a beginner�察�but tell him in French。 Learn enough  
utility phrases in whatever language you¨re studying to profit from every encounter。  
Comb through your phrase book ��the Berlitz For Travellers series is excellent�� and make  
it your priority to learn phrases such as ^I don¨t speak your language well�察院 �Do you  
understand me�拭隠察 �Please speak more slowly�察院 �Please repeat�察院 �How do you say that in  
your language�拭隠察 �Sorry�察�I don¨t understand�察院�and others that together can serve as your  
cornerstone and launching pad。    
Most phrase books offer too few of these ^crutch ̄ phrases。 When you meet your  
first encounter�察�pull out pen and pad and fatten your crutch collection。 Learn how to say  
things such as�察 �I¨m only a beginner in your language but I¨m determined to become  
fluent�察院 �Do you have enough patience to talk with a foreigner who¨s trying to learn your  
language�拭院 �I wonder if I¨ll ever be as fluent in your language as you are in English�察院 �I  
wish your language were as easy as your people are polite�察院�and ^Where in your country  
do you think your language is spoken the best�拭院�Roll your own alternatives。 You¨ll soon  
find yourself developing what comedians call a ^routine�察院�a pattern of conversation that  
actually gives you a feeling of fluency along with the inspiration to nurture that feeling  
into fruition。    
Hauling off and speaking the language you¨re studying versus merely sitting there  
knowing it makes the difference between being a business administration professor and a  
multimillionaire entrepreneur。    
It¨s time to apply the parable of the Parrot。    
A man looking for an anniversary present for his wife after fourteen years of  
marriage found himself in front of a pet shop。 In the window was a parrot�察�not  
particularly distinguished in size or plumage�察�but the price tag on that parrot was a  
whopping seven thousand dollars because that parrot spoke�察�unbelieveably�察�fourteen  
different languages。    
That was more than the man intended to spend but he figured�察 �Fourteen years�察 �
fourteen languages� 院�So he bought it。    
He went home�察�mounted the parrot¨s perch in the kitchen�察�and then realised he¨d  
forgotten the birdseed。 He ran back to the pet shop�察�bought the birdseed�察�and then ran  
back home�察�hoping to have everything in readiness before his wife got home。    
Alas�察�she¨d already returned�察�and when he appeared she flung herself upon him in  
sizzling affection�察�shouting�察 �Darling� �What a marvellous anniversary present� �You  
remembered how much I love pheasant。 I¨ve got him plucked。 I¨ve got him slit。 I¨ve got  
him stuffed。 He¨s in the oven and he¨ll be ready in about fifty minutes。 ̄    
^You¨ve got him what�拭院�cried he。 ^You¨ve got him where�拭�That was no pheasant�察院 �
stormed the husband。 ^That was a parrot�察�and that parrot cost seven thousand dollars  
because that parrot spoke fourteen languages� 院   �
^So�察院�replied his wife�察 �why didn¨t he say something�拭院   �
 
And indeed�察�why don¨t you�拭             �
Put it in Writing         
We don¨t know if a peacock is impressed when he sees himself in full display in a mirror。  
We do know that you and I are impressed with ourselves when we behold something  
we¨ve written in a foreign language。    
Try it。 If you do nothing more than copy an exercise from your grammar book onto  
a piece of paper in your own handwriting�察�you¨ll enjoy looking at it。 You become like a  
kindergarten child so enraptured with his paint smearings that he can¨t wait to take them  
home to Mommy and Daddy。    
That¨s strange�察�childish�察�egotistic �C and supremely helpful when you¨re learning  
another language。 Go ahead and write。 If you can write letters and cards to someone who  
speaks that language�察�so much the better。 If you can write your dinner preferences for the  
waiter in an ethnic restaurant�察�do so。 As soon as you feel sufficiently advanced�察�write a  
note to the editor of the foreign publication you¨re learning to read and tell him how  
helpful it is。 Write a letter to the ambassador of a country that speaks your target  
language and congratulate him on representing a culture sufficiently appealing to make  
you want to learn his language。    
Carry a special little notebook with you at all times so you can jot down your new  
verbal acquisitions if you happen to meet native speakers of your target language。    
As a student of Chinese I used to experience a high energy lift by writing the  
Chinese characters I¨d learned on a blank piece of paper�察�preferably in red ink。 I still get a  
kick doodling Chinese characters�察�randomly or in coherent sentences�察�on the margins of  
the newspaper I¨m carrying or in the blank spaces on the display ads。    
Write� �Conquer and consolidate by writing。 The ability to understand a word when  
it¨s spoken or written�察�to use that word correctly with good pronunciation�察�and to write it  
correctly makes you the battlefield commander of that word。         
Knowing         
Jack Benny was one comic who remained beloved�察�even by his peers�察�despite his well  
known inability to come up with original material。    
Once at a Hollywood roast when another comic laced into him with a devastating  
salvo that demanded a retort in kind�察�Benny won the moment by pausing and then saying�察 �
^You¨d never get away with that if my writers were here。 ̄    
Cute for Jack Benny at a roast�察�but not really anything we can borrow。 When you¨re  
in language action and you stumble and lapse into uhs and ahs while the native speaker is  
patiently hoping you¨ll come through�察�it doesn¨t do to say�察 �I¨d never be in this fix if I  
had my dictionary and phrase book with me。 ̄    
Everybody who¨s ever tried to master a foreign language knows the frustration of  
needing the right word or phrase�察�knowing that you know it�察�but being utterly unable to  
come up with it at the moment。 Just as golfers sometimes break their clubs in frustration�察 �
at some point you¨ll want to smash your cassette player and throw your books into a  
shredder。 You¨ve mastered a neat set of phrases�察�they flow glibly off your tongue�察�you    
 
sing them in the shower�察�repeat them as you dress�察�review them as you put on your coat �C  
and suddenly all recollection vanishes in a poof when you run into a friend five minutes  
later who happens to be with a native speaker of the language you¨re learning and you try  
to remember how to say ^Pleased to meet you。 ̄    
Having the revolver is one thing。 Drawing it quickly is quite another。 To take set  
piece knowledge you¨ve acquired and have it pop up automatically as instinct under real  
game conditions calls for a whole separate discipline。    
Coaches stage scrimmages that simulate real game conditions as closely as possible。  
Pilots can now train in complex simulators that use some elements of com

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