memoirs of general william t. sherman-2-第26部分

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nd　sooner　or　later　want　will　compel　the　inhabitants　to　go。　　Why　not　go　now；　when　all　the　arrangements　are　completed　for　the　transfer；instead　of　waiting　till　the　plunging　shot　of　contending　armies　will　renew　the　scenes　of　the　past　months。　　Of　course；　I　do　not　apprehend　any　such　thing　at　this　moment；　but　you　do　not　suppose　this　army　will　be　here　until　the　war　is　over。　　I　cannot　discuss　this　subject　with　you　fairly；　because　I　cannot　impart　to　you　what　we　propose　to　do；　but　I　assert　that　our　military　plans　make　it　necessary　for　the　inhabitants　to　go　away；　and　I　can　only　renew　my　offer　of　services　to　make　their　exodus　in　any　direction　as　easy　and　comfortable　as　possible。

You　cannot　qualify　war　in　harsher　terms　than　I　will。　　War　is　cruelty；　and　you　cannot　refine　it；　and　those　who　brought　war　into　our　country　deserve　all　the　curses　and　maledictions　a　people　can　pour　out。　　I　know　I　had　no　hand　in　making　this　war；　and　I　know　I　will　make　more　sacrifices　to…day　than　any　of　you　to　secure　peace。　But　you　cannot　have　peace　and　a　division　of　our　country。　　If　the　United　States　submits　to　a　division　now；　it　will　not　stop；　but　will　go　on　until　we　reap　the　fate　of　Mexico；　which　is　eternal　war。　　The　United　States　does　and　must　assert　its　authority；　wherever　it　once　had　power；　for；　if　it　relaxes　one　bit　to　pressure；　it　is　gone；　and　I　believe　that　such　is　the　national　feeling。　　This　feeling　assumes　various　shapes；　but　always　comes　back　to　that　of　Union。　　Once　admit　the　Union；　once　more　acknowledge　the　authority　of　the　national　Government；　and；　instead　of　devoting　your　houses　and　streets　and　roads　to　the　dread　uses　of　war；　I　and　this　army　become　at　once　your　protectors　and　supporters；　shielding　you　from　danger；　let　it　come　from　what　quarter　it　may。　　I　know　that　a　few　individuals　cannot　resist　a　torrent　of　error　and　passion；　such　as　swept　the　South　into　rebellion；　but　you　can　point　out；　so　that　we　may　know　those　who　desire　a　government；　and　those　who　insist　on　war　and　its　desolation。

You　might　as　well　appeal　against　the　thunder…storm　as　against　these　terrible　hardships　of　war。　　They　are　inevitable；　and　the　only　way　the　people　of　Atlanta　can　hope　once　more　to　live　in　peace　and　quiet　at　home；　is　to　stop　the　war；　which　can　only　be　done　by　admitting　that　it　began　in　error　and　is　perpetuated　in　pride。

We　don't　want　your　negroes；　or　your　horses；　or　your　houses；　or　your　lands；　or　any　thing　you　have；　but　we　do　want　and　will　have　a　just　obedience　to　the　laws　of　the　United　States。　　That　we　will　have；　and；　if　it　involves　the　destruction　of　your　improvements；　we　cannot　help　it。

You　have　heretofore　read　public　sentiment　in　your　newspapers；　that　live　by　falsehood　and　excitement；　and　the　quicker　you　seek　for　truth　in　other　quarters；　the　better。　　I　repeat　then　that；　by　the　original　compact　of　Government；　the　United　States　had　certain　rights　in　Georgia；　which　have　never　been　relinquished　and　never　will　be；　that　the　South　began　war　by　seizing　forts；　arsenals；　mints；　custom…houses；　etc。；　etc。；　long　before　Mr。　Lincoln　was　installed；　and　before　the　South　had　one　jot　or　tittle　of　provocation。　　I　myself　have　seen　in　Missouri；　Kentucky；　Tennessee；　and　Mississippi；　hundreds　and　thousands　of　women　and　children　fleeing　from　your　armies　and　desperadoes；　hungry　and　with　bleeding　feet。　　In　Memphis；　Vicksburg；　and　Mississippi；　we　fed　thousands　upon　thousands　of　the　families　of　rebel　soldiers　left　on　our　hands；　and　whom　we　could　not　see　starve。　　Now　that　war　comes　home　to　you；　you　feel　very　different。　　You　deprecate　its　horrors；　but　did　not　feel　them　when　you　sent　car…loads　of　soldiers　and　ammunition；　and　moulded　shells　and　shot；　to　carry　war　into　Kentucky　and　Tennessee；　to　desolate　the　homes　of　hundreds　and　thousands　of　good　people　who　only　asked　to　live　in　peace　at　their　old　homes；　and　under　the　Government　of　their　inheritance。　　But　these　comparisons　are　idle。　I　want　peace；　and　believe　it　can　only　be　reached　through　union　and　war；　and　I　will　ever　conduct　war　with　a　view　to　perfect　and　early　success。

But；　my　dear　sirs；　when　peace　does　come；　you　may　call　on　me　for　any　thing。　　Then　will　I　share　with　you　the　last　cracker；　and　watch　with　you　to　shield　your　homes　and　families　against　danger　from　every　quarter。

Now　you　must　go；　and　take　with　you　the　old　and　feeble；　feed　and　nurse　them；　and　build　for　them；　in　more　quiet　places；　proper　habitations　to　shield　them　against　the　weather　until　the　mad　passions　of　men　cool　down；　and　allow　the　Union　and　peace　once　more　to　settle　over　your　old　homes　at　Atlanta。　　Yours　in　haste；

W。　T。　SHERMAN；　Major…General　commanding。



HEADQUARTERS　MILITARY　DIVISION　OF　THE　MISSISSIPPI　IN　THE　FIELD；　ATLANTA；　GEORGIA；　September　14；　1864。

General　J。　B。　HOOD；　commanding　Army　of　the　Tennessee；　Confederate　Army。

GENERAL：　Yours　of　September　12th　is　received；　and　has　been　carefully　perused。　　I　agree　with　you　that　this　discussion　by　two　soldiers　is　out　of　place；　and　profitless；　but　you　must　admit　that　you　began　the　controversy　by　characterizing　an　official　act　of　mine　in　unfair　and　improper　terms。　　I　reiterate　my　former　answer；　and　to　the　only　new　matter　contained　in　your　rejoinder　add：　We　have　no　〃negro　allies〃　in　this　army；　not　a　single　negro　soldier　left　Chattanooga　with　this　army；　or　is　with　it　now。　　There　are　a　few　guarding　Chattanooga；　which　General　Steedman　sent　at　one　time　to　drive　Wheeler　out　of　Dalton。

I　was　not　bound　by　the　laws　of　war　to　give　notice　of　the　shelling　of　Atlanta；　a　〃fortified　town；　with　magazines；　arsenals；　founderies；　and　public　stores；〃　you　were　bound　to　take　notice。　　See　the　books。

This　is　the　conclusion　of　our　correspondence；　which　I　did　not　begin；　and　terminate　with　satisfaction。　　I　am；　with　respect；　your　obedient　servant；

W。　T。　SHERMAN；　Major…General　commanding。


HEADQUARTERS　OF　THE　ARMY　WASHINGTON；　September　28；　1864；

Major…General　SHERMAN；　Atlanta；　Georgia。

GENERAL：　Your　communications　of　the　20th　in　regard　to　the　removal　of　families　from　Atlanta；　and　the　exchange　of　prisoners；　and　also　the　official　report　of　your　campaign；　are　just　received。　　I　have　not　had　time　as　yet　to　examine　your　report。　　The　course　which　you　have　pursued　in　removing　rebel　families　from　Atlanta；　and　in　the　exchange　of　prisoners；　is　fully　approved　by　the　War　Department。　Not　only　are　you　justified　by　the　laws　and　usages　of　war　in　removing　these　people；　but　I　think　it　was　your　duty　to　your　own　army　to　do　so。　　Moreover；　I　am　fully　of　opinion　that　the　nature　of　your　position；　the　character　of　the　war；　the　conduct　of　the　enemy　（and　especially　of　non…combatants　and　women　of　the　territory　which　we　have　heretofore　conquered　and　occupied）；　will　justify　you　in　gathering　up　all　the　forage　and　provisions　which　your　army　may　require；　both　for　a　siege　of　Atlanta　and　for　your　supply　in　your　march　farther　into　the　enemy's　country。　　Let　the　disloyal　families　of　the　country；　thus　stripped；　go　to　their　husbands；　fathers；　and　natural　protectors；　in　the　rebel　ranks；　we　have　tried　three　years　of　conciliation　and　kindness　without　any　reciprocation；　on　the　contrary；　those　thus　treated　have　acted　as　spies　and　guerrillas　in　our　rear　and　within　our　lines。　　The　safety　of　our　armies；　and　a　proper　regard　for　the　lives　of　our　soldiers；　require　that　we　apply　to　our　inexorable　foes　the　severe　rules　of　war。　　We　certainly　are　not　required　to　treat　the　so…called　non…combatant　rebels　better　than　they　themselves　treat　each　other。　　Even　herein　Virginia；　within　fifty　miles　of　Washington；　they　strip　their　own　families　of　provisions；　leaving　them；　as　our　army　advances；　to　be　fed　by　us；　or　to　starve　within　our　lines。　　We　have　fed　this　class　of　people　long　enough。　　Let　them　go　with　their　husbands　and　fathers　in　the　rebel　ranks；　and　if　they　won't　go；　we　must　send　them　to　their　friends　and　natural　protectors。　　I　would　destroy　every　mill　and　factory　within　reach　which　I　did　not　want　for　my　own　use。　　This　the　rebels　have　done；　not　only　in　Maryland　and　Pennsylvania；　but　also　in　Virginia　and　other　rebel　States；　when　compelled　to　fall　back　before　our　armies。　　In　many　sections　of　the　country　they　have　not　left　a　mill　to　grind　grain　for　their　own　suffering　families；　lest　we　might　use　them　to　supply　our　armies。　　We　most　do　the　same。

I　have　endeavored　to　impress　these　views　upon　our　commanders　for　the　last　two　years。　　You　are　almost　the　only　one　who　has　properly　applied　them。　　I　do　not　approve　of　General　Hunter's　course　in　burning　private　homes　or　uselessly　destroying　private　property。　That　is　barbarous。　　But　I　approve　of　taking　or　destroying　whatever　may　serve　as　supplies　to　us　or　to　the　enemy's　army。

Very　respectfully；　your　obedient　servant；

H。　W。　HALLECK；　Major…General；　Chief　of　Staff


In　order　to　effect　the　exchange　of　prisoners；　to　facilitate　the　exodus　of　the　people　of　Atlanta；　and　to　keep　open　communication　with　the　South；　we　established　a　neutral　camp；　at　and　about　the　railroad…station　next　south　of　Atlanta；　known　as　〃Rough　and　Ready；〃　to　which　point　I　dispatched　Lieutenant…Colonel　Willard　Warner；　of　my　staff；　with　a　guard　of　one　hundred　men；　and　General　Hood　sent　Colonel　Clare；　of　his　staff；　with　a　similar　guard；　these　officers　and　men　harmonized　perfectly；　and　parted　good　friends　when　their　work　was　done。　　In　the　mean　time　I　also　had　reconnoitred　the　entire　rebel　lines　about　Atlanta；　which　were　well　built；　but　were　entirely　too　extensive　to　be　held　by　a　single　corps　or　division　of　troops；　so　I　instructed　Colonel　Poe；　United　States　Engineers；　on　my　staff；　to　lay　off　an　inner　and　shorter　line；　susceptible　of　defense　by　a　smaller　garrison。

By　the　middle　of　September　all　these　matters　were　in　progress；　the　reports　of　the　past　campaign　were　written　up　and　dispatched　to　Washington；　and　our　thoughts　began　to　turn　toward　the　future。　Admiral　Farragut　had　boldly　and　successfully　run　the　forts　at　the　entrance　to　Mobile　Bay；　which　resulted　in　the　capture　of　Fort　Morgan；　so　that　General　Canby　was　enabled　to　begin　his　regular　operations　against　Mobile　City；　with　a　view　to　open　the　Alabama　River　to　navigation。　　My　first　thoughts　were　to　concert　operations　with　him；　either　by　way　of　Montgomery；　Alabama；　or　by　the　Appalachicula；　but　so　long　a　line；　to　be　used　as　a　base　for　further　operations　eastward；　was　not　advisable；　and　I　concluded　to　await　the　initiative　of　the　enemy；　suppo