the life of horatio lord nelson-第42部分
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oat； and urged him to make use of it； he replied； 〃I thank you very much； but； to tell you the truth； my anxiety keeps me sufficiently warm at present。〃
〃Do you think；〃 said he presently；〃that our fleet has quitted Bornholm？ If it has； we must follow it to Carlscrona。〃 About midnight he reached it； and once more got on board the ELEPHANT。 On the following morning the Swedes were discovered； as soon； however； as they perceived the English approaching； they retired； and took shelter in Carlscrona； behind the batteries on the island； at the entrance of that port。 Sir Hyde sent in a flag of truce； stating that Denmark had concluded an armistice； and requiring an explicit declaration from the court of Sweden； whether it would adhere to or abandon the hostile measures which it had taken against the rights and interests of Great Britain？ The commander； Vice…Admiral Cronstadt； replied； 〃That he could not answer a question which did not come within the particular circle of his duty； but that the king was then at Maloe； and would soon be at Carlscrona。〃 Gustavus shortly afterwards arrived； and an answer was then returned to this effect： 〃That his Swedish majesty would not； for a moment； fail to fulfil； with fidelity and sincerity； the engagements he had entered into with his allies； but he would not refuse to listen to equitable proposals made by deputies furnished with proper authority by the King of Great Britain to the united northern powers。〃 Satisfied with this answer； and with the known disposition of the Swedish court； Sir Hyde sailed for the Gulf of Finland； but he had not proceeded far before a despatch boat from the Russian ambassador at Copenhagen arrived； bringing intelligence of the death of the Emperor Paul； and that his successor Alexander had accepted the offer made by England to his father of terminating the dispute by a convention： the British admiral was； therefore； required to desist from all further hostilities。
It was Nelson's maxim； that； to negotiate with effect； force should be at hand； and in a situation to act。 The fleet； having been reinforced from England； amounted to eighteen sail of the line； and the wind was fair for Revel。 There he would have sailed immediately to place himself between that division of the Russian fleet and the squadron at Cronstadt； in case this offer should prove insincere。 Sir Hyde； on the other hand； believed that the death of Paul had effected all which was necessary。 The manner of that death； indeed； rendered it apparent that a change of policy would take place in the cabinet of Petersburgh； but Nelson never trusted anything to the uncertain events of time； which could possibly be secured by promptitude or resolution。 It was not； therefore； without severe mortification； that he saw the commander…in… chief return to the coast of Zealand； and anchor in Kioge Bay； there to wait patiently for what might happen。
There the fleet remained till dispatches arrived from home； on the 5th of May； recalling Sir Hyde； and appointing Nelson commander…in… chief。
Nelson wrote to Earl St。 Vincent that he was unable to hold this honourable station。 Admiral Graves also was so ill as to be confined to his bed； and he entreated that some person might come out and take the command。 〃I will endeavour；〃 said he； 〃to do my best while I remain； but； my dear lord； I shall either soon go to heaven； I hope； or must rest quiet for a time。 If Sir Hyde were gone； I would now be under sail。〃 On the day when this was written； he received news of his appointment。 Not a moment was now lost。 His first signal； as commander… in…chief； was to hoist in all launches and prepare to weigh； and on the 7th he sailed from Kioge。 Part of his fleet was left at Bornholm； to watch the Swedes； from whom he required and obtained an assurance that the British trade in the Cattegat and in the Baltic should not be molested； and saying how unpleasant it would be to him if anything should happen which might for a moment disturb the returning harmony between Sweden and Great Britain； he apprised them that he was not directed to abstain from hostilities should he meet with the Swedish fleet at sea。 Meantime he himself； with ten sail of the line； two frigates； a brig； and a schooner； made for the Gulf of Finland。 Paul； in one of the freaks of his tyranny； had seized upon all the British effects in Russia； and even considered British subjects as his prisoners。 〃I will have all the English shipping and property restored；〃 said Nelson； 〃but I will do nothing violently； neither commit the affairs of my country； nor suffer Russia to mix the affairs of Denmark or Sweden with the detention of our ships。〃 The wind was fair； and carried him in four days to Revel Roads。 But the Bay had been clear of firm ice on the 29th of April； while the English were lying idly at Kioge。 The Russians had cut through the ice in the mole six feet thick； and their whole squadron had sailed for Cronstadt on the 3rd。 Before that time it had lain at the mercy of the English。 〃Nothing；〃 Nelson said； 〃if it had been right to make the attack； could have saved one ship of them in two hours after our entering the bay。〃
It so happened that there was no cause to regret the opportunity which had been lost； and Nelson immediately put the intentions of Russia to the proof。 He sent on shore； to say that he came with friendly views； and was ready to return a salute。 On their part the salute was delayed； till a message was sent to them to inquire for what reason； and the officer whose neglect had occasioned the delay； was put under arrest。 Nelson wrote to the emperor； proposing to wait on him personally and congratulate him on his accession； and urged the immediate release of British subjects； and restoration of British property。
The answer arrived on the 16th： Nelson； meantime； had exchanged visits with the governor； and the most friendly intercourse had subsisted between the ships and the shore。 Alexander's ministers； in their reply； expressed their surprise at the arrival of a British fleet in a Russian port； and their wish that it should return： they professed； on the part of Russia； the most friendly disposition towards Great Britain； but declined the personal visit of Lord Nelson； unless he came in a single ship。 There was a suspicion implied in this which stung Nelson； and he said the Russian ministers would never have written thus if their fleet had been at Revel。 He wrote an immediate reply； expressing what he felt； he told the court of Petersburgh； 〃That the word of a British admiral； when given in explanation of any part of his conduct； was as sacred as that of any sovereign's in Europe。〃 And he repeated； 〃that； under other circumstances； it would have been his anxious wish to have paid his personal respects to the emperor； and signed with his own hand the act of amity between the two countries。〃 Having despatched this； he stood out to sea immediately； leaving a brig to bring off the provisions which had been contracted for； and to settle the accounts。 〃I hope all is right；〃 said he； writing to our ambassador at Berlin； 〃but seamen are but bad negotiators； for we put to issue in five minutes what diplomatic forms would be five months doing。〃
On his way down the Baltic； however； he met the Russian admiral； Tchitchagof； whom the emperor； in reply to Sir Hyde's overtures； had sent to communicate personally with the British commander…in…chief。 The reply was such as had been wished and expected； and these negotiators going； seamen…like； straight to their object； satisfied each other of the friendly intentions of their respective governments。 Nelson then anchored off Rostock； and there he received an answer to his last despatch from Revel； in which the Russian court expressed their regret that there should have been any misconception between them； informed him that the British vessels which Paul had detained were ordered to be liberated； and invited him to Petersburgh； in whatever mode might be most agreeable to himself。 Other honours awaited him： the Duke of Mecklenburgh Strelitz； the queen's brother； came to visit him on board his ship； and towns of the inland parts of Mecklenburgh sent deputations； with their public books of record； that they might have the name of Nelson in them written by his own hand。
From Rostock the fleet returned to Kioge Bay。 Nelson saw that the temper of the Danes towards England was such as naturally arose from the chastisement which they had so recently received。 〃In this nation；〃 said he； 〃we shall not be forgiven for having the upper hand of them： I only thank God we have； or they would try to humble us to the dust。〃 He saw also that the Danish cabinet was completely subservient to France： a French officer was at this time the companion and counsellor of the Crown Prince； and things were done in such open violation of the armistice； that Nelson thought a second infliction of vengeance would soon be necessary。 He wrote to the Admiralty； requesting a clear and explicit reply to his inquiry； Whether the commander…in…chief was at liberty to hold the language becoming a British admiral？ 〃Which； very probably；〃 said he； 〃if I am here； will break the armistice； and set Copenhagen in a blaze。 I see everything which is dirty and mean going on； and the Prince Royal at the head of it。 Ships have been masted； guns taken on board； floating batteries prepared； and except hauling out and completing their rigging； everything is done in defiance of the treaty。 My heart burns at seeing the word of a prince； nearly allied to our good king； so falsified； but his conduct is such； that he will lose his kingdom if he goes on； for Jacobins rule in Denmark。 I have made no representations yet； as it would be useless to do so until I have the power of correction。 All I beg； in the name of the future commander…in… chief； is； that the orders may be clear； for enough is done to break twenty treaties； if it should be wished； or to make the Prince Royal humble himself before British generosity。〃
Nelson was not deceived in his judgment of the Danish cabinet； but the battle of Copenhagen had crippled its power。 The death of the Czar Paul had broken the confederacy； and that cabinet； therefore； was compelled to defer till a more convenient season the indulgence of its enm
