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theologico-political treatise p3(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢3)-及11何蛍


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prophets�此�yet their certainty was only�察�moral�察�as I showed in Chap。 II。 

     ��66��    Those�察   �therefore�察   �who    attempt    to   set  forth   the  authority    of 

Scripture   with   mathematical   demonstrations   are   wholly   in   error�此  �for   the 

authority�察�of the Bible is dependent on the authority of the prophets�察�and 

can   be   supported   by   no   stronger   arguments   than   those   employed   in   old 

time by the prophets for convincing the people of their own authority。 ��67�� 

Our certainty on the same subject can be founded on no other basis than 

that which served as foundation for the certainty of the prophets。 

     ��68�� Now the certainty of the prophets consisted ��as we pointed out�� in 

these elements�此� ��69�� ��I。�� A distinct and vivid imagination。 ��70�� ��II。�� A sign。 

��71�� ��III。�� Lastly�察�and chiefly�察�a   mind turned to what is just and good。 It 



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was based on no other reasons than these�察�and consequently they cannot 

prove their authority by any other reasons�察�either to the multitude whom 

they addressed orally�察�nor to us whom they address in writing。 

     ��72�� The first of these reasons�察�namely�察�the vivid imagination�察�could be 

valid only for the prophets�察�therefore�察�our certainty concerning revelation 

must�察�and ought to be�察�based on the remaining two ´ namely�察�the sign and 

the   teaching。   ��73��   Such   is   the   express   doctrine   of   Moses�察  �for   ��in   Deut。 

xviii。�� he bids the people obey the prophet who should give a true sign in 

the name of the Lord�察�but if he should predict falsely�察�even though it were 

in the name of the Lord�察�he should be put to death�察�as should also he who 

strives to lead away the people from the true religion�察�though he confirm 

his   authority   with   signs   and   portents。   ��74��   We   may   compare   with   the 

above   Deut。   xiii。   ��75��   Whence   it   follows   that   a   true   prophet   could   be 

distinguished from a false one�察�both by his doctrine and by the miracles he 

wrought�察�for Moses declares such an one to be a true prophet�察�and bids the 

people   trust   him  without   fear of   deceit。   ��76��   He   condemns   as   false�察  �and 

worthy�察�of death�察�those who predict anything falsely even in the name of 

the Lord�察�or who preach false gods�察�even though their miracles be real。 

     ��77�� The only reason�察�then�察�which we have for belief in Scripture or 

the writings of the prophets�察�is the doctrine we find therein�察�and the signs 

by which it is confirmed。 ��78�� For as we see that the prophets extol charity 

and justice  above all   things�察�and   have no   other object�察 �we conclude that 

they did not write from unworthy motives�察�but because they really thought 

that   men   might   become   blessed   through   obedience   and   faith�此  �further�察  �as 

we   see   that   they   confirmed   their   teaching   with   signs   and   wonders�察  �we 

become persuaded that they did not speak at random�察�nor run riot in their 

prophecies。 ��79�� We are further strengthened in our conclusion by the fact 

that the morality they teach is in evident agreement with reason�察�for it is 

no   accidental   coincidence   that   the   Word   of   God   which   we   find   in   the 

prophets coincides   with the Word of   God   written in our hearts。  ��80�� We 

may�察  �I   say�察  �conclude   this   from   the   sacred   books   as   certainly   as   did   the 

Jews of old from the living voice of the prophets�此�for we showed in Chap。 

XII。 that Scripture has come down to us intact in respect to its doctrine and 

main narratives。 



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     ��81��  Therefore   this   whole   basis   of   theology   and   Scripture�察  �though   it 

does   not    admit    of   mathematical      proof�察   �may    yet  be   accepted     with   the 

approval of our judgment。 ��82�� It would be folly to refuse to accept what is 

confirmed by such ample prophetic testimony�察�and what has proved such a 

comfort to those whose reason is comparatively weak�察�and such a benefit 

to the state�察  �a doctrine�察  �moreover�察 �which   we   may  believe   in   without   the 

slightest     peril  or  hurt�察  �and   should     reject  simply     because     it  cannot   be 

mathematically proved�此�it is as though we should admit nothing as true�察�or 

as a wise rule of life�察�which could ever�察�in any possible way�察�be called in 

question�察�or as though most of our actions were not full of uncertainty and 

hazards。 

     ��83�� I admit that those who believe that theology and philosophy are 

mutually contradictory�察�and that therefore either one or the other must be 

thrust    from     its  throne    ´  I  admit�察   �I  say�察  �that   such    persons     are   not 

unreasonable        in  attempting      to  put   theology     on   a   firm   basis�察  �and    to 

demonstrate its truth mathematically。 ��84�� Who�察�unless he were desperate 

or mad�察�would wish to bid an incontinent farewell to reason�察�or to despise 

the    arts  and   sciences�察   �or   to  deny    reason's    certitude�拭   。�85��   But�察  �in  the 

meanwhile�察�we cannot wholly absolve them from blame�察�inasmuch as they 

invoke the aid of reason for her own defeat�察�and attempt infallibly to prove 

her    fallible。   ��86��   While     they   are   trying   to  prove     mathematically       the 

authority and truth of theology�察�and to take away the authority of natural 

reason�察�they are in reality only bringing theology under reason's dominion�察�

and proving that her authority has no weight unless natural reason be at 

the back of it。 

     ��87��   If   they  boast that   they  themselves   assent   because   of the   inward 

testimony of the Holy Spirit�察�and that they only invoke the aid of reason 

because   of   unbelievers�察  �in   order   to   convince   them�察  �not   even   so   can   this 

meet   with   our   approval�察  �for   we   can   easily   show   that   they   have   spoken 

either   from  emotion   or vain´glory。  ��88��   It   most   clearly  follows   from  the 

last chapter that the Holy Spirit only gives its testimony in favour of works�察�

called by Paul ��in Gal。 v��22�� the fruits of the Spirit�察�and is in itself really 

nothing but the mental acquiescence which follows a good action in our 

souls。 ��89��   No spirit   gives testimony  concerning the  certitude of  matters 



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within the sphere of speculation�察�save only reason�察�who is mistress�察�as we 

have shown�察�of the whole realm of truth。 ��90�� If then they assert that they 

possess this Spirit which makes them certain of truth�察�they speak falsely�察�

and according to the prejudices of the emotions�察�or else they are in great 

dread   lest   they   should   be   vanquished   by   philosophers   and   exposed   to 

public ridicule�察  �and   therefore   they  flee�察  �as   it   were�察  �to   the   altar�察�but   their 

refuge is vain�察�for what altar will shelter a man who has outraged reason�拭�

��91��   However�察  �I   pass   such   persons   over�察  �for   I   think   I   have   fulfilled   my 

purpose�察�and shown how philosophy  should be separated from  theology�察�

and wherein each consists�察�that neither should be subservient to the other�察�

but    that   each    should     keep    her   unopposed       dominion。      ��92��   Lastly�察   �as 

occasion   offered�察 �I   have pointed out   the  absurdities�察�the  inconveniences�察�

and     the   evils   following     from     the  extraordinary       confusion      which     has 

hitherto     prevailed   between   the   two       subjects�察  �owing   to   their   not     being 

properly   distinguished   and   separated。   ��93��   Before   I   go   further   I   would 

expressly state ��though I have said it before�� that I consider the utility and 

the need for Holy Scripture or Revelation to be very great。 ��94�� For as we 

cannot perceive by the natural light of reason that simple obedience is the 

path of salvation ��Endnote 25�В察�and are taught by revelation only that it is 

so by the special grace of God�察�which our reason cannot attain�察�it follows 

that the Bible has brought a very great consolation to mankind。 ��95�� All 

are   able   to   obey�察  �whereas   there      are   but   very   few�察  �compared   with       the 

aggregate   of   humanity�察  �who   can   acquire   the   habit   of   virtue   under   the 

unaided   guidance   of   reason。   ��96��   Thus   if   we   had   not   the   testimony   of 

Scripture�察�we should doubt of the salvation of nearly all men。 

     End of Part 3 ´ Chapters XI to XV。 



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     AUTHOR'S ENDNOTES TO THE 

         THEOLOGICO´POLITICAL 

                             TREATISE 



    CHAPTER XI。 

    Endnote 24。 ��1�� ;Now I think。; ��2�� The translators render the ��Greek�� 

word ;I infer;�察�and assert that Paul uses it as synonymous with ��a Greek 

word��。 ��3�� But the former word has�察�in Greek�察�the same meaning as the 

Hebrew      word   rendered    to  think�察 �to  esteem�察  �to  judge。  ��4��  And    this 

signification would be in entire agreement with the Syriac translation。 ��5�� 

This Syriac translation ��if it be a translation�察�which is very doubtful�察�for 

we know neither the time of its appearance�察�nor the translators and Syriac 

was   the   vernacular   of   the Apostles��   renders   the   text   before   us   in   a   way 

well explained by Tremellius as ;we think�察�therefore。; 

    CHAPTER XV。 

    Endnote 25。 ��1�� ;That simple obedience is the path of salvation。; ��2�� In 

other   words�察  �it   is   enough   for   salvation   or   blessedness�察  �that   we   should 

embrac

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