the library(图书馆)-第15部分
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in a Bible written in Italy in the thirteenth century …
〃Qui scripsit scribat。 Vergilius spe domini vivat。〃
Vergilius was； no doubt； in this case the scribe。 The Latin and the
writing are often equally crabbed。 In the Bodleian there is a Bible with
this colophon …
〃Finito libro referemus gratias Christo m。lxv。 indict。 viij。 Ego
Lafracus de Pacis de Cmoa scriptor scripsi。〃
This was also written in Italy。 English colophons are often very
quaint〃Qui scripsit hunc librum fiat collocatus in Paradisum；〃 is an
example。 The following gives us the name of one Master Gerard； who；
in the fourteenth century； thus poetically described his ownership：…
〃Si Ge ponaturet rar simul associatur … Et dus reddaturcui pertinet
ita vocatur。〃
In a Bible written in England； in the British Museum； there is a long
colophon； in which； after the name of the writer〃hunc librum scripsit
Wills de Hales；〃there is a prayer for Ralph of Nebham； who had called
Hales to the writing of the book； followed by a date… …〃Fes。 fuit liber anno
M。i。 quarto ab incarnatione domini。〃 In this Bible the books of the
New Testament were in the following order：… the Evangelists； the Acts； the
Epistles of S。 Peter； S。 James； and S。 John； the Epistles of S。 Paul； and the
Apocalypse。 In a Bible at Brussels I found the colophon after the index：…
〃Hic expliciunt interpretationes Hebrayorum nominum Do gris qui potens
est p。 sup。 omia。〃 Some of these Bibles are of marvellously small
dimensions。 The smallest I ever saw was at Ghent； but it was very
imperfect。 I have one in which there are thirteen lines of writing in an
inch of the column。 The order of the books of the New Testament in
Bibles of the thirteenth century is usually according to one or other of the
three following arrangements：…
（1。） The Evangelists； Romans to Hebrews； Acts； Epistles of S。 Peter；
S。 James； and S。 John； Apocalypse。
（2。） The Evangelists； Acts； Epistles of S。 Peter； S。 James； and S。 John；
Epistles of S。 Paul； Apocalypse。 This is the most common。
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（3。） The Evangelists； Acts； Epistles of S。 Peter； S。 James； and S。 John；
Apocalypse； and Epistles of S。 Paul。
On the fly leaves of these old Bibles there are often very curious
inscriptions。 In one I have this：… 〃Haec biblia emi Haquinas prior
monasterii Hatharbiensis de dono domini regis Norwegie。〃 Who was this
King of Norway who； in 1310； gave the Prior of Hatherby money to buy a
Bible； which was probably written at Canterbury？ And who was
Haquinas？ His name has a Norwegian sound； and reminds us of St。
Thomas of that surname。 In another manuscript I have seen
〃Articula Fidei：… Nascitur； abluitur； patitur； descendit at ima Surgit et
ascendit； veniens discernere cuncta。〃
In another this：…
〃Sacramenta ecclesiae：… Abluo； fumo； cibo； piget； ordinat； uxor et
ungit。〃
I will conclude these notes on MS。 Bibles with the following
colophon from a copy written in Italy in the fifteenth century：…
〃Finito libro vivamus semper in Christo … Si semper in Christo
carebimus ultimo leto。 Explicit Deo gratias； Amen。 Stephanus de
Tantaldis scripsit in pergamo。〃
2。 The 〃Psalter〃 of the thirteenth century is usually to be considered
a forerunner of the 〃Book of Hours。〃 It always contains； and usually
commences with； a Calendar； in which are written against certain days the
〃obits〃 of benefactors and others； so that a well… filled Psalter often
becomes a historical document of high value and importance。 The first
page of the psalms is ornamented with a huge B； which often fills the
whole page； and contains a representation of David and Goliath
ingeniously fitted to the shape of the letter。 At the end are usually to be
found the hymns of the Three Children； and others from the Bible together
with the Te Deum； and sometimes； in late examples； a litany。 In some
psalters the calendar is at the end。 These Psalters； and the Bibles
described above； are very frequently of English work； more frequently；
that is； than the books of Hours and Missals。 The study of the Scriptures
was evidently more popular in England than in the other countries of
Europe during the Middle Ages； and the early success of the Reformers
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here； must in part； no doubt； be attributed to the wide circulation of the
Bible even before it had been translated from the Latin。 I need hardly；
perhaps； observe that even fragments of a Psalter； a Testament； or a Bible
in English； are so precious as to be practically invaluable。
3。 We are indebted to Sir W。 Tite for the following collation of a
Flemish 〃Book of Hours〃：…
1。 The Calendar。
2。 Gospels of the Nativity and the Resurrection。
3。 Preliminary Prayers （inserted occasionally）。
4。 Horae（Nocturns and Matins）。
5。 （Lauds）。
6。 （Prime）。
7。 （Tierce）。
8。 （Sexte）。
9。 （None）。
10。 （Vespers）。
11。 （Compline）。
12。 The seven penitential Psalms
13。 The Litany。
14。 Hours of the Cross。
15。 Hours of the Holy Spirit。
16。 Office of the Dead。
17。 The Fifteen Joys of B。 V。 M。
18。 The seven requests to our Lord。
19。 Prayers and Suffrages to various Saints。
20。 Several prayers； petitions； and devotions。
This is an unusually full example； but the calendar； the hours； the
seven psalms； and the litany； are in almost all the MSS。 The buyer must
look carefully to see that no miniatures have been cut out； but it is only by
counting the leaves in their gatherings that he can make sure。 This is
often impossible without breaking the binding。
The most valuable 〃Horae〃 are those written in England。 Some are
of the English use （Sarum or York； or whatever it may happen to be）； but
were written abroad； especially in Normandy； for the English market。
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These are also valuable； even when imperfect。 Look for the page before
the commencement of the Hours （No。 4 in the list above）； and at the end
will be found a line in red；〃Incipit Horae secundum usum Sarum；〃 or
otherwise； as the case may be。
4。 Missals do not often occur； and are not only very valuable but
very difficult to collate； unless furnished with catch…words or signatures。
But no Missal is complete without the Canon of the Mass； usually in the
middle of the book； and if there are any illuminations throughout the
volume； there will be a full page Crucifixion； facing the Canon。 Missals
of large size and completeness contain（1） a Calendar； （2） 〃the proper of
the Season；〃 （3） the ordinary and Canon of the Mass； （4） the Communal of
Saints； （5） the proper of Saints and special occasions； （6） the lessons；
epistles； and gospels； with （7） some hymns； 〃proses；〃 and canticles。 This
is Sir W。 Tite's list； but； as he remarks； MS。 Missals seldom contain so
much。 The collector will look for the Canon； which is invariable。
Breviaries run to an immense length； and are seldom illuminated。 It
would be impossible to give them any kind of collation； and the same may
be said of many other kinds of old service…books； and of the chronicles；
poems； romances； and herbals； in which mediaeval literature abounded；
and which the collector must judge as best he can。
The name of 〃missal〃 is commonly and falsely given to all old service…
books by the booksellers； but the collector will easily distinguish one
when he sees it； from the notes I have given。 In a Sarum Missal； at
Alnwick； there is a colophon quoted by my lamented friend Dr。 Rock in
his 〃Textile Fabrics。〃 It is appropriate both to the labours of the old
scribes and also to those of their modern readers：…
〃Librum ScribendoJon Whas Monachus laborabat … Et mane
Surgendomultum corpus macerabat。〃
It is one of the charms of manuscripts that they illustrate； in their
minute way； all the art； and even the social condition； of the period in
which they were produced。 Apostles； saints； and prophets wear the
contemporary costume； and Jonah； when thrown to the hungry whale；
wears doublet and trunk hose。 The ornaments illustrate the archit
