01-what is man-第3部分

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variety　of　impulses？



Y。M。　　From　a　variety；　of　coursesome　high　and　fine　and

noble；　others　not。　　What　is　your　opinion？



O。M。　　Then　there　is　but　ONE　law；　one　source。



Y。M。　　That　both　the　noblest　impulses　and　the　basest　proceed

from　that　one　source？



O。M。　　Yes。



Y。M。　　Will　you　put　that　law　into　words？



O。M。　　Yes。　　This　is　the　law；　keep　it　in　your　mind。　　FROM　HIS

CRADLE　TO　HIS　GRAVE　A　MAN　NEVER　DOES　A　SINGLE　THING　WHICH　HAS　ANY

FIRST　AND　FOREMOST　OBJECT　BUT　ONETO　SECURE　PEACE　OF　MIND；

SPIRITUAL　COMFORT；　FOR　HIMSELF。



Y。M。　　Come！　　He　never　does　anything　for　any　one　else's

comfort；　spiritual　or　physical？



O。M。　　No。　　EXCEPT　ON　THOSE　DISTINCT　TERMSthat　it　shall

FIRST　secure　HIS　OWN　spiritual　comfort。　　Otherwise　he　will　not　do

it。



Y。M。　　It　will　be　easy　to　expose　the　falsity　of　that

proposition。



O。M。　　For　instance？



Y。M。　　Take　that　noble　passion；　love　of　country；　patriotism。

A　man　who　loves　peace　and　dreads　pain；　leaves　his　pleasant　home

and　his　weeping　family　and　marches　out　to　manfully　expose　himself

to　hunger；　cold；　wounds；　and　death。　　Is　that　seeking　spiritual

comfort？



O。M。　　He　loves　peace　and　dreads　pain？



Y。M。　　Yes。



O。M。　　Then　perhaps　there　is　something　that　he　loves　MORE

than　he　loves　peaceTHE　APPROVAL　OF　HIS　NEIGHBORS　AND　THE

PUBLIC。　　And　perhaps　there　is　something　which　he　dreads　more　than

he　dreads　painthe　DISAPPROVAL　of　his　neighbors　and　the　public。

If　he　is　sensitive　to　shame　he　will　go　to　the　fieldnot　because

his　spirit　will　be　ENTIRELY　comfortable　there；　but　because　it

will　be　more　comfortable　there　than　it　would　be　if　he　remained　at

home。　　He　will　always　do　the　thing　which　will　bring　him　the　MOST

mental　comfortfor　that　is　THE　SOLE　LAW　OF　HIS　LIFE。　　He　leaves

the　weeping　family　behind；　he　is　sorry　to　make　them

uncomfortable；　but　not　sorry　enough　to　sacrifice　his　OWN　comfort

to　secure　theirs。



Y。M。　　Do　you　really　believe　that　mere　public　opinion　could

force　a　timid　and　peaceful　man　to



O。M。　　Go　to　war？　　Yespublic　opinion　can　force　some　men　to

do　ANYTHING。



Y。M。　　ANYTHING？



O。M。　　Yesanything。



Y。M。　　I　don't　believe　that。　　Can　it　force　a　right…principled

man　to　do　a　wrong　thing？



O。M。　　Yes。



Y。M。　　Can　it　force　a　kind　man　to　do　a　cruel　thing？



O。M。　　Yes。



Y。M。　　Give　an　instance。



O。M。　　Alexander　Hamilton　was　a　conspicuously　high…principled

man。　　He　regarded　dueling　as　wrong；　and　as　opposed　to　the

teachings　of　religionbut　in　deference　to　PUBLIC　OPINION　he

fought　a　duel。　　He　deeply　loved　his　family；　but　to　buy　public

approval　he　treacherously　deserted　them　and　threw　his　life　away；

ungenerously　leaving　them　to　lifelong　sorrow　in　order　that　he

might　stand　well　with　a　foolish　world。　　In　the　then　condition　of

the　public　standards　of　honor　he　could　not　have　been　comfortable

with　the　stigma　upon　him　of　having　refused　to　fight。　　The

teachings　of　religion；　his　devotion　to　his　family；　his　kindness

of　heart；　his　high　principles；　all　went　for　nothing　when　they

stood　in　the　way　of　his　spiritual　comfort。　　A　man　will　do

ANYTHING；　no　matter　what　it　is；　TO　SECURE　HIS　SPIRITUAL　COMFORT；

and　he　can　neither　be　forced　nor　persuaded　to　any　act　which　has

not　that　goal　for　its　object。　　Hamilton's　act　was　compelled　by

the　inborn　necessity　of　contenting　his　own　spirit；　in　this　it　was

like　all　the　other　acts　of　his　life；　and　like　all　the　acts　of　all

men's　lives。　　Do　you　see　where　the　kernel　of　the　matter　lies？　　A

man　cannot　be　comfortable　without　HIS　OWN　approval。　　He　will

secure　the　largest　share　possible　of　that；　at　all　costs；　all

sacrifices。



Y。M。　　A　minute　ago　you　said　Hamilton　fought　that　duel　to　get

PUBLIC　approval。



O。M。　　I　did。　　By　refusing　to　fight　the　duel　he　would　have

secured　his　family's　approval　and　a　large　share　of　his　own；　but

the　public　approval　was　more　valuable　in　his　eyes　than　all　other

approvals　put　togetherin　the　earth　or　above　it；　to　secure　that

would　furnish　him　the　MOST　comfort　of　mind；　the　most　SELF…

approval；　so　he　sacrificed　all　other　values　to　get　it。



Y。M。　　Some　noble　souls　have　refused　to　fight　duels；　and　have

manfully　braved　the　public　contempt。



O。M。　　They　acted　ACCORDING　TO　THEIR　MAKE。　　They　valued　their

principles　and　the　approval　of　their　families　ABOVE　the　public

approval。　　They　took　the　thing　they　valued　MOST　and　let　the　rest

go。　　They　took　what　would　give　them　the　LARGEST　share　of　PERSONAL

CONTENTMENT　AND　APPROVALa　man　ALWAYS　does。　　Public　opinion

cannot　force　that　kind　of　men　to　go　to　the　wars。　　When　they　go　it

is　for　other　reasons。　　Other　spirit…contenting　reasons。



Y。M。　　Always　spirit…contenting　reasons？



O。M。　　There　are　no　others。



Y。M。　　When　a　man　sacrifices　his　life　to　save　a　little　child

from　a　burning　building；　what　do　you　call　that？



O。M。　　When　he　does　it；　it　is　the　law　of　HIS　make。　　HE　can't

bear　to　see　the　child　in　that　peril　（a　man　of　a　different　make

COULD）；　and　so　he　tries　to　save　the　child；　and　loses　his　life。

But　he　has　got　what　he　was　afterHIS　OWN　APPROVAL。



Y。M。　　What　do　you　call　Love；　Hate；　Charity；　Revenge；

Humanity；　Magnanimity；　Forgiveness？



O。M。　　Different　results　of　the　one　Master　Impulse：　　the

necessity　of　securing　one's　self　approval。　　They　wear　diverse

clothes　and　are　subject　to　diverse　moods；　but　in　whatsoever　ways

they　masquerade　they　are　the　SAME　PERSON　all　the　time。　　To　change

the　figure；　the　COMPULSION　that　moves　a　manand　there　is　but　the

oneis　the　necessity　of　securing　the　contentment　of　his　own

spirit。　　When　it　stops；　the　man　is　dead。



Y。M。　　That　is　foolishness。　　Love



O。M。　　Why；　love　is　that　impulse；　that　law；　in　its　most

uncompromising　form。　　It　will　squander　life　and　everything　else

on　its　object。　　Not　PRIMARILY　for　the　object's　sake；　but　for　ITS

OWN。　　When　its　object　is　happy　IT　is　happyand　that　is　what　it

is　unconsciously　after。



Y。M。　　You　do　not　even　except　the　lofty　and　gracious　passion

of　mother…love？



O。M。　　No；　IT　is　the　absolute　slave　of　that　law。　　The　mother

will　go　naked　to　clothe　her　child；　she　will　starve　that　it　may

have　food；　suffer　torture　to　save　it　from　pain；　die　that　it　may

live。　　She　takes　a　living　PLEASURE　in　making　these　sacrifices。

SHE　DOES　IT　FOR　THAT　REWARDthat　self…approval；　that

contentment；　that　peace；　that　comfort。　　SHE　WOULD　DO　IT　FOR　YOUR

CHILD　IF　SHE　COULD　GET　THE　SAME　PAY。



Y。M。　　This　is　an　infernal　philosophy　of　yours。



O。M。　　It　isn't　a　philosophy；　it　is　a　fact。



Y。M。　　Of　course　you　must　admit　that　there　are　some　acts　which



O。M。　　No。　　There　is　NO　act；　large　or　small；　fine　or　mean；

which　springs　from　any　motive　but　the　onethe　necessity　of

appeasing　and　contenting　one's　own　spirit。



Y。M。　　The　world's　philanthropists



O。M。　　I　honor　them；　I　uncover　my　head　to　themfrom　habit

and　training；　and　THEY　could　not　know　comfort　or　happiness　or

self…approval　if　they　did　not　work　and　spend　for　the　unfortunate。

It　makes　THEM　happy　to　see　others　happy；　and　so　with　money　and

labor　they　buy　what　they　are　afterHAPPINESS；　SELF…APPROVAL。

Why　don't　miners　do　the　same　thing？　　Because　they　can　get　a

thousandfold　more　happiness　by　NOT　doing　it。　　There　is　no

other　reason。　　They　follow　the　law　of　their　make。



Y。M。　　What　do　you　say　of　duty　for　duty's　sake？



O。M。　　That　IS　DOES　NOT　EXIST。　　Duties　are　not　performed　for

duty's　SAKE；　but　because　their　NEGLECT　would　make　the　man

UNCOMFORTABLE。　　A　man　performs　but　ONE　dutythe　duty　of

contenting　his　spirit；　the　duty　of　making　himself　agreeable　to

himself。　　If　he　can　most　satisfyingly　perform　this　sole　and　only

duty　by　HELPING　his　neighbor；　he　will　do　it；　if　he　can　most

satisfyingly　perform　it　by　SWINDLING　his　neighbor；　he　will　do　it。

But　he　always　looks　out　for　Number　OneFIRST；　the　effects　upon

others　are　a　SECONDARY　matter。　　Men　pretend　to　self…sacrifices；

but　this　is　a　thing　which；　in　the　ordinary　value　of　the　phrase；

DOES　NOT　EXIST　AND　HAS　NOT　EXISTED。　　A　man　often　honestly　THINKS

he　is　sacrificing　himself　merely　and　solely　for　some　one　else；

but　he　is　deceived；　his　bottom　impulse　is　to　content　a

requirement　of　his　nature　and　training；　and　thus　acquire　peace

for　his　soul。



Y。M。　　Apparently；　then；　all　men；　both　good　and　bad　ones；

devote　their　lives　to　contenting　their　consciences。



O。M。　　Yes。　　That　is　a　good　enough　name　for　it：　　Conscience

that　independent　Sovereign；　that　insolent　absolute　Monarch　inside

of　a　man　who　is　the　man's　Master。　　There　are　all　kinds　of

consciences；　because　there　are　all　kinds　of　men。　　You　satisfy　an

assassin's　conscience　in　one　way；　a　philanthropist's　in　another；

a　miser's　in　another；　a　burglar's　in　still　another。　　As　a　GUIDE

or　INCENTIVE　to　any　authoritatively　prescribed　line　of　morals　or

conduct　（leaving　TRAINING　out　of　the　account）；　a　man's　conscience

is　totally　valueless。　　I　know　a　kind…hearted　Kentuckian　whose

self…approval　was　lackingwhose　conscience　was　troubling　him；　to

phrase　it　with　exactnessBECAUSE　HE　HAD　NEGLECTED　TO　KILL　A

CERTAIN　MANa　man　whom　he　had　never　seen。　　The　stranger　had

killed　this　man's　friend　in　a　fight；　this　man's　Kentucky　training

made　it　a　duty　to　kill　the　stranger　for　it。　　He　neglected　his

dutykept　dodging　it；　shirking　it；　putting　it　off；　and　his

unrelenting　conscience　kept　persecuting　him　for　this　conduct。　　At

last；　to　get　ease　of　mind；　comfort；　self…approval；　he　hunted　up

the　stranger　and　took　his　life。　　It　was　an　immense　act　of　SELF…

SACRIFICE　（as　per　the　usual　definition）；　for　he　did　not　want　to

do　it；　and　he　never　would　have　done　it　if　he　could　have　bought　a

contented　spirit　and　an　unworried　mind　at　smaller　cost。　　But　we

are　so　made　that　we　will　pay　ANYTHING　for　that　contentmenteven

another　man's　life。



Y。M。　　You　spoke　a　moment　ago　of　TRAINED　consciences。　　You　mean

that　we　are　not　BORN　with　consciences　competent　to　guide　us　aright？



O。M。　　If　we　were；　children　and　savages　would　know　right　from　wrong；

and　n