north america-1-第11部分

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test　luxury　at　an　English　inn　is　one's　tea；　one's　fire；　and　one's　book。　　Such　an　arrangement　is　not　practicable　at　an　American　hotel。　　Tea；　like　breakfast；　is　a　great　meal；　at　which　meat　should　be　eaten；　generally　with　the　addition　of　much　jelly；　jam；　and　sweet　preserve；　but　no　person　delays　over　his　teacup。　　I　love　to　have　my　teacup　emptied　and　filled　with　gradual　pauses；　so　that　time　for　oblivion　may　accrue；　and　no　exact　record　be　taken。　　No　such　meal　is　known　at　American　hotels。　　It　is　possible　to　hire　a　separate　room；　and　have　one's　meals　served　in　it；　but　in　doing　so　a　man　runs　counter　to　all　the　institutions　of　the　country；　and　a　woman　does　so　equally。　　A　stranger　does　not　wish　to　be　viewed　askance　by　all　around　him；　and　the　rule　which　holds　that　men　at　Rome　should　do　as　Romans　do；　if　true　anywhere；　is　true　in　America。　　Therefore　I　say　that　in　an　American　inn　one　can　never　do　as　one　pleases。　In　what　I　have　here　said　I　do　not　intend　to　speak　of　hotels　in　the　largest　cities；　such　as　Boston　or　New　York。　　At　them　meals　are　served　in　the　public　room　separately；　and　pretty　nearly　at　any　or　at　all　hours　of　the　day；　but　at　them　also　the　attendant　stands　over　the　unfortunate　eater　and　drives　him。　　The　guest　feels　that　he　is　controlled　by　laws　adapted　to　the　usages　of　the　Medes　and　Persians。　He　is　not　the　master　on　the　occasion；　but　the　slavea　slave　well　treated；　and　fattened　up　to　the　full　endurance　of　humanity；　but　yet　a　slave。　From　Gorham　we　went　on　to　Island　Pond；　a　station　on　the　same　Canada　Trunk　Railway；　on　a　Saturday　evening；　and　were　forced　by　the　circumstances　of　the　line　to　pass　a　melancholy　Sunday　at　the　place。　The　cars　do　not　run　on　Sundays；　and　run　but　once　a　day　on　other　days　over　the　whole　line；　so　that；　in　fact；　the　impediment　to　traveling　spreads　over　two　days。　　Island　Pond　is　a　lake　with　an　island　in　it；　and　the　place　which　has　taken　the　name　is　a　small　village；　about　ten　years　old；　standing　in　the　midst　of　uncut　forests；　and　has　been　created　by　the　railway。　　In　ten　years　more　there　will　no　doubt　be　a　spreading　town　at　Island　Pond；　the　forests　will　recede；　and　men；　rushing　out　from　the　crowded　cities；　will　find　here　food；　and　space；　and　wealth。　　For　myself；　I　never　remain　long　in　such　a　spot　without　feeling　thankful　that　it　has　not　been　my　mission　to　be　a　pioneer　of　civilization。　The　farther　that　I　got　away　from　Boston　the　less　strong　did　I　find　the　feeling　of　anger　against　England。　　There；　as　I　have　said　before；　there　was　a　bitter　animosity　against　the　mother　country　in　that　she　had　shown　no　open　sympathy　with　the　North。　　In　Maine　and　New　Hampshire　I　did　not　find　this　to　be　the　case　to　any　violent　degree。　　Men　spoke　of　the　war　as　openly　as　they　did　at　Boston；　and；　in　speaking　to　me；　generally　connected　England　with　the　subject。　But　they　did　so　simply　to　ask　questions　as　to　England's　policy。　What　will　she　do　for　cotton　when　her　operatives　are　really　pressed？　Will　she　break　the　blockade？　　Will　she　insist　on　a　right　to　trade　with　Charleston　and　new　Orleans？　　I　always　answered　that　she　would　insist　on　no　such　right；　if　that　right　were　denied　to　others　and　the　denial　enforced。　　England；　I　took　upon　myself　to　say；　would　not　break　a　veritable　blockade；　let　her　be　driven　to　what　shifts　she　might　in　providing　for　her　operatives。　　〃Ah！　that's　what　we　fear；〃　a　very　stanch　patriot　said　to　me；　if　words　may　be　taken　as　a　proof　of　stauchness。　　〃If　England　allies　herself　with　the　Southerners；　all　our　trouble　is　for　nothing。〃　　It　was　impossible　not　to　feel　that　all　that　was　said　was　complimentary　to　England。　　It　is　her　sympathy　that　the　Northern　men　desire；　to　her　co…operation　that　they　would　willingly　trust；　on　her　honesty　that　they　would　choose　to　depend。　　It　is　the　same　feeling　whether　it　shows　itself　in　anger　or　in　curiosity。　　An　American；　whether　he　be　embarked　in　politics；　in　literature；　or　in　commerce；　desires　English　admiration；　English　appreciation　of　his　energy；　and　English　encouragement。　　The　anger　of　Boston　is　but　a　sign　of　its　affectionate　friendliness。　　What　feeling　is　so　hot　as　that　of　a　friend　when　his　dearest　friend　refuses　to　share　his　quarrel　or　to　sympathize　in　his　wrongs！　　To　my　thinking；　the　men　of　Boston　are　wrong　and　unreasonable　in　their　anger；　but　were　I　a　man　of　Boston；　I　should　be　as　wrong　and　as　unreasonable　as　any　of　them。　　All　that；　however；　will　come　right。　I　will　not　believe　it　possible　that　there　should　in　very　truth　be　a　quarrel　between　England　and　the　Northern　States。　In　the　guidance　of　those　who　are　not　quite　au　fait　at　the　details　of　American　government；　I　will　here　in　a　few　words　describe　the　outlines　of　State　government　as　it　is　arranged　in　New　Hampshire。　The　States；　in　this　respect；　are　not　all　alike；　the　modes　of　election　of　their　officers；　and　periods　of　service；　being　different。　　Even　the　franchise　is　different　in　different　States。　Universal　suffrage　is　not　the　rule　throughout　the　United　States；　though　it　is；　I　believe；　very　generally　thought　in　England　that　such　is　the　fact。　　I　need　hardly　say　that　the　laws　in　the　different　States　may　be　as　various　as　the　different　legislatures　may　choose　to　make　them。　In　New　Hampshire　universal　suffrage　does　prevail；　which　means　that　any　man　may　vote　who　lives　in　the　State；　supports　himself；　and　assists　to　support　the　poor　by　means　of　poor　rates。　　A　governor　of　the　State　is　elected　for　one　year　only；　but　it　is　customary；　or　at　any　rate　not　uncustomary；　to　re…elect　him　for　a　second　year。　　His　salary　is　a　thousand　dollars　a　year；　or　two　hundred　pounds。　　It　must　be　presumed；　therefore；　that　glory；　and　not　money；　is　his　object。　　To　him　is　appended　a　Council；　by　whose　opinions　he　must　in　a　great　degree　be　guided。　　His　functions　are　to　the　State　what　those　of　the　President　are　to　the　country；　and；　for　the　short　period　of　his　reign；　he　is　as　it　were　a　Prime　Minister　of　the　State；　with　certain　very　limited　regal　attributes。　　He；　however；　by　no　means　enjoys　the　regal　attribute　of　doing　no　wrong。　　In　every　State　there　is　an　Assembly；　consisting　of　two　houses　of　elected　representativesthe　Senate；　or　upper　house；　and　the　House　of　Representatives　so　called。　　In　New　Hampshire；　this　Assembly　or　Parliament　is　styled　The　General　Court　of　New　Hampshire。　　It　sits　annually；　whereas　the　legislature　in　many　States　sits　only　every　other　year。　　Both　houses　are　re…elected　every　year。　　This　Assembly　passes　laws　with　all　the　power　vested　in　our　Parliament；　but　such　laws　apply　of　course　only　to　the　State　in　question。　　The　Governor　of　the　State　has　a　veto　on　all　bills　passed　by　the　two　houses。　But；　after　receipt　of　his　veto；　any　bill　so　stopped　by　the　Governor　can　be　passed　by　a　majority　of　two…thirds　in　each　house。　　The　General　Court　usually　sits　for　about　ten　weeks。　　There　are　in　the　State　eight　judgesthree　supreme；　who　sit　at　Concord；　the　capital；　as　a　court　of　appeal　both　in　civil　and　criminal　matters；　and　then　five　lesser　judges；　who　go　circuit　through　the　State。　　The　salaries　of　these　lesser　judges　do　not　exceed　from　250　pounds　to　300　pounds　a　year；　but　they　are；　I　believe；　allowed　to　practice　as　lawyers　in　any　counties　except　those　in　which　they　sit　as　judgesbeing　guided；　in　this　respect；　by　the　same　law　as　that　which　regulates　the　work　of　assistant　barristers　in　Ireland。　　The　assistant　barristers　in　Ireland　are　attached　to　the　counties　as　judges　at　Quarter　Sessions；　but　they　practice；　or　may　practice；　as　advocates　in　all　counties　except　that　to　which　they　are　so　attached。　　The　judges　in　New　Hampshire　are　appointed　by　the　Governor；　with　the　assistance　of　his　Council。　　No　judge　in　New　Hampshire　can　hold　his　seat　after　he　has　reached　seventy　years　of　age。　So　much　at　the　present　moment　with　reference　to　the　government　of　New　Hampshire。

CHAPTER　IV。　LOWER　CANADA。

The　Grand　Trunk　Railway　runs　directly　from　Portland　to　Montreal；　which　latter　town　is；　in　fact；　the　capital　of　Canada；　though　it　never　has　been　so　exclusively；　and；　as　it　seems；　never　is　to　be　so　as　regards　authority；　government；　and　official　name。　　In　such　matters；　authority　and　government　often　say　one　thing　while　commerce　says　another；　but　commerce　always　has　the　best　of　it　and　wins　the　game；　whatever　government　may　decree。　　Albany；　in　this　way；　is　the　capital　of　the　State　of　New　York；　as　authorized　by　the　State　government；　but　New　York　has　made　herself　the　capital　of　America；　and　will　remain　so。　　So　also　Montreal　has　made　herself　the　capital　of　Canada。　　The　Grand　Trunk　Railway　runs　from　Portland　to　Montreal；　but　there　is　a　branch　from　Richmond；　a　township　within　the　limits　of　Canada；　to　Quebec；　so　that　travelers　to　Quebec；　as　we　were；　are　not　obliged　to　reach　that　place　via　Montreal。　Quebec　is　the　present　seat　of　Canadian　government；　its　turn　for　that　honor　having　come　round　some　two　years　ago；　but　it　is　about　to　be　deserted　in　favor　of　Ottawa；　a　town　which　is；　in　fact；　still　to　be　built　on　the　river　of　that　name。　　The　public　edifices　are；　however；　in　a　state　of　forwardness；　and　if　all　goes　well；　the　Governor；　the　two　Councils；　and　the　House　of　Representatives　will　be　there　before　two　years　are　over；　whether　there　be　any　town　to　receive　them　or　no。　　Who　can　think　of　Ottawa　without　bidding　his　brothers　to　row；　and　reminding　them　that　the　stream　runs　fast；　that　the　rapids　are　near　and　the　daylight　past？　　I　asked；　as　a　matter　of　course；　whether　Quebec　was　much　disgusted　at　the　proposed　change；　and　I　was　told　that　the　feeling　was　not　now　very　strong。　　Had　it　been　determined　to　make　Montreal　the　permanent　seat　of　government；　Quebec　and　Toronto　would　both　have　been　up　in　arms。　I　must　confess　that；　in　going　from　the　States　into　Canada；　an　Englishman　is　struck　by　the　feeling　that　he　is　going　from　a　richer　country　into　one　that　is　poorer；　and　from　a　greater　country　into　one　that　is　less。　　An　Englishman　going　from　a　foreign　land　into　a　land　which　is　in　one　sense　his　own；　of　course　finds　much　in　the　change　to　gratify　him。　　He　is　able　to　speak　as　the　master；　instead　of　speaking　as　the　visitor。　　His　tongue　becomes　more　free；　and　he　is　able　to　fall　back　to　his　national　habits　and　national　expressions。　　He　no　longer　feels　that　he　is　admitted　on　sufferance；　or　that　he　must　be　careful　to　respect　laws　which　he　does　not　quite　understand。　　This　feeling　was　naturally　strong　in　an　Englishman　in　passing　from　the　States　into　Canada　at　the　time　of