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was　now　at　a　discount　in　Boston；　and　Mr。　Everett　was　speaking　to　a　Boston　audience。　　As　an　orator；　Mr。　Everett's　excellence　is；　I　think；　not　to　be　questioned；　but　as　a　politician　I　cannot　give　him　a　high　rank。　After　that　I　heard　Mr。　Wendell　Phillips。　　Of　him；　too；　as　an　orator；　all　the　world　of　Massachusetts　speaks　with　great　admiration；　and　I　have　no　doubt　so　speaks　with　justice。　　He　is；　however；　known　as　the　hottest　and　most　impassioned　advocate　of　abolition。　　Not　many　months　since　the　cause　of　abolition；　as　advocated　by　him；　was　so　unpopular　in　Boston；　that　Mr。　Phillips　was　compelled　to　address　his　audience　surrounded　by　a　guard　of　policemen。　　Of　this　gentleman　I　may　at　any　rate　say　that　he　is　consistent；　devoted；　and　disinterested。　　He　is　an　abolitionist　by　profession；　and　seeks　to　find　in　every　turn　of　the　tide　of　politics　some　stream　on　which　he　may　bring　himself　nearer　to　his　object。　　In　the　old　days；　previous　to　the　selection　of　Mr。　Lincoln；　in　days　so　old　that　they　are　now　nearly　eighteen　months　past；　Mr。　Phillips　was　an　anti…Union　man。　　He　advocated　strongly　the　disseverance　of　the　Union；　so　that　the　country　to　which　he　belonged　might　have　hands　clean　from　the　taint　of　slavery。　　He　had　probably　acknowledged　to　himself　that　while　the　North　and　South　were　bound　together　no　hope　existed　of　emancipation；　but　that　if　the　North　stood　alone　the　South　would　become　too　weak　to　foster　and　keep　alive　the　〃social　institution。〃　　In　which；　if　such　were　his　opinions；　I　am　inclined　to　agree　with　him。　　But　now　he　is　all　for　the　Union；　thinking　that　a　victorious　North　can　compel　the　immediate　emancipation　of　Southern　slaves。　　As　to　which　I　beg　to　say　that　I　am　bold　to　differ　from　Mr。　Phillips　altogether。　It　soon　became　evident　to　me　that　Mr。　Phillips　was　unwell；　and　lecturing　at　a　disadvantage。　　His　manner　was　clearly　that　of　an　accustomed　orator；　but　his　voice　was　weak；　and　he　was　not　up　to　the　effect　which　he　attempted　to　make。　　His　hearers　were　impatient；　repeatedly　calling　upon　him　to　speak　out；　and　on　that　account　I　tried　hard　to　feel　kindly　toward　him　and　his　lecture。　　But　I　must　confess　that　I　failed。　　To　me　it　seemed　that　the　doctrine　he　preached　was　one　of　rapine；　bloodshed；　and　social　destruction。　　He　would　call　upon　the　government　and　upon　Congress　to　enfranchise　the　slaves　at　oncenow　during　the　warso　that　the　Southern　power　might　be　destroyed　by　a　concurrence　of　misfortunes。　　And　he　would　do　so　at　once；　on　the　spur　of　the　moment；　fearing　lest　the　South　should　be　before　him；　and　themselves　emancipate　their　own　bondsmen。　I　have　sometimes　thought　that　there　is　no　being　so　venomous；　so　blood…thirsty　as　a　professed　philanthropist；　and　that　when　the　philanthropist's　ardor　lies　negroward；　it　then　assumes　the　deepest　die　of　venom　and　blood…thirstiness。　　There　are　four　millions　of　slaves　in　the　Southern　States；　none　of　whom　have　any　capacity　for　self…maintenance　or　self…control。　　Four　millions　of　slaves；　with　the　necessities　of　children；　with　the　passions　of　men；　and　the　ignorance　of　savages！　　And　Mr。　Phillips　would　emancipate　these　at　a　blow；　would；　were　it　possible　for　him　to　do　so；　set　them　loose　upon　the　soil　to　tear　their　masters；　destroy　each　other；　and　make　such　a　hell　upon　the　earth　as　has　never　even　yet　come　from　the　uncontrolled　passions　and　unsatisfied　wants　of　men。　　But　Congress　cannot　do　this。　　All　the　members　of　Congress　put　together　cannot；　according　to　the　Constitution　of　the　United　States；　emancipate　a　single　slave　in　South　Carolina；　not　if　they　were　all　unanimous。　　No　emancipation　in　a　slave　State　can　come　otherwise　than　by　the　legislative　enactment　of　that　State。　　But　it　was　then　thought　that　in　this　coming　winter　of　1860…61　the　action　of　Congress　might　be　set　aside。　　The　North　possessed　an　enormous　army　under　the　control　of　the　President。　　The　South　was　in　rebellion；　and　the　President　could　pronounce；　and　the　army　perhaps　enforce；　the　confiscation　of　all　property　held　in　slaves。　　If　any　who　held　them　were　not　disloyal；　the　question　of　compensation　might　be　settled　afterward。　How　those　four　million　slaves　should　live；　and　how　white　men　should　live　among　them；　in　some　States　or　parts　of　States　not　equal　to　the　blacks　in　numberas　to　that　Mr。　Phillips　did　not　give　us　his　opinion。　And　Mr。　Phillips　also　could　not　keep　his　tongue　away　from　the　abominations　of　Englishmen　and　the　miraculous　powers　of　his　own　countrymen。　　It　was　on　this　occasion　that　he　told　us　more　than　once　how　Yankees　carried　brains　in　their　fingers；　whereas　〃common　people〃alluding　by　that　name　to　Europeanshad　them　only；　if　at　all；　inside　their　brain…pans。　　And　then　he　informed　us　that　Lord　Palmerston　had　always　hated　America。　　Among　the　Radicals　there　might　be　one　or　two　who　understood　and　valued　the　institutions　of　America；　but　it　was　a　well…known　fact　that　Lord　Palmerston　was　hostile　to　the　country。　　Nothing　but　hidden　enmityenmity　hidden　or　not　hiddencould　be　expected　from　England。　　That　the　people　of　Boston；　or　of　Massachusetts；　or　of　the　North　generally；　should　feel　sore　against　England；　is　to　me　intelligible。　　I　know　how　the　minds　of　men　are　moved　in　masses　to　certain　feelings　and　that　it　ever　must　be　so。　　Men　in　common　talk　are　not　bound　to　weigh　their　words；　to　think；　and　speculate　on　their　results；　and　be　sure　of　the　premises　on　which　their　thoughts　are　founded。　　But　it　is　different　with　a　man　who　rises　before　two　or　three　thousand　of　his　countrymen　to　teach　and　instruct　them。　　After　that　I　heard　no　more　political　lectures　in　Boston。　Of　course　I　visited　Bunker　Hill；　and　went　to　Lexington　and　Concord。　From　the　top　of　the　monument　on　Bunker　Hill　there　is　a　fine　view　of　Boston　harbor；　and　seen　from　thence　the　harbor　is　picturesque。　　The　mouth　is　crowded　with　islands　and　jutting　necks　and　promontories；　and　though　the　shores　are　in　no　place　rich　enough　to　make　the　scenery　grand；　the　general　effect　is　good。　　The　monument；　however；　is　so　constructed　that　one　can　hardly　get　a　view　through　the　windows　at　the　top　of　it；　and　there　is　no　outside　gallery　round　it。　Immediately　below　the　monument　is　a　marble　figure　of　Major　Warren；　who　fell　there；not　from　the　top　of　the　monument；　as　some　one　was　led　to　believe　when　informed　that　on　that　spot　the　major　had　fallen。　　Bunker　Hill；　which　is　little　more　than　a　mound；　is　at　Charlestowna　dull；　populous；　respectable；　and　very　unattractive　suburb　of　Boston。　Bunker　Hill　has　obtained　a　considerable　name；　and　is　accounted　great　in　the　annals　of　American　history。　　In　England　we　have　all　heard　of　Bunker　Hill；　and　some　of　us　dislike　the　sound　as　much　as　Frenchmen　do　that　of　Waterloo。　　In　the　States　men　talk　of　Bunker　Hill　as　we　may；　perhaps；　talk　of　Agincourt　and　such　favorite　fields。　　But；　after　all；　little　was　done　at　Bunker　Hill；　and；　as　far　as　I　can　learn；　no　victory　was　gained　there　by　either　party。　The　road　from　Boston　to　the　town　of　Concord；　on　which　stands　the　village　of　Lexington；　is　the　true　scene　of　the　earliest　and　greatest　deeds　of　the　men　of　Boston。　　The　monument　at　Bunker　Hill　stands　high　and　commands　attention；　while　those　at　Lexington　and　Concord　are　very　lowly　and　command　no　attention。　　But　it　is　of　that　road　and　what　was　done　on　it　that　Massachusetts　should　be　proud。　When　the　colonists　first　began　to　feel　that　they　were　oppressed；　and　a　half　resolve　was　made　to　resist　that　oppression　by　force；　they　began　to　collect　a　few　arms　and　some　gunpowder　at　Concord；　a　small　town　about　eighteen　miles　from　Boston。　　Of　this　preparation　the　English　governor　received　tidings；　and　determined　to　send　a　party　of　soldiers　to　seize　the　arms。　　This　he　endeavored　to　do　secretly；　but　he　was　too　closely　watched；　and　word　was　sent　down　over　the　waters　by　which　Boston　was　then　surrounded　that　the　colonists　might　be　prepared　for　the　soldiers。　　At　that　time　Boston　Neck；　as　it　was；　and　is　still　called；　was　the　only　connection　between　the　town　and　the　main…land；　and　the　road　over　Boston　Neck　did　not　lead　to　Concord。　　Boats　therefore　were　necessarily　used；　and　there　was　some　difficulty　in　getting　the　soldiers　to　the　nearest　point。　　They　made　their　way；　however；　to　the　road；　and　continued　their　route　as　far　as　Lexington　without　interruption。　Here；　however；　they　were　attacked；　and　the　first　blood　of　that　war　was　shed。　　They　shot　three　or　four　of　therebels；　I　suppose　I　should　in　strict　language　call　them；　and　then　proceeded　on　to　Concord。　　But　at　Concord　they　were　stopped　and　repulsed；　and　along　the　road　back　from　Concord　to　Lexington　they　were　driven　with　slaughter　and　dismay。　　And　thus　the　rebellion　was　commenced　which　led　to　the　establishment　of　a　people　which；　let　us　Englishmen　say　and　think　what　we　may　of　them　at　this　present　moment；　has　made　itself　one　of　the　five　great　nations　of　the　earth；　and　has　enabled　us　to　boast　that　the　two　out　of　the　five　who　enjoy　the　greatest　liberty　and　the　widest　prosperity　speak　the　English　language　and　are　known　by　English　names。　　For　all　that　has　come　and　is　like　to　come；　I　say　again；　long　may　that　honor　remain。　　I　could　not　but　feel　that　that　road　from　Boston　to　Concord　deserves　a　name　in　the　world's　history　greater；　perhaps；　than　has　yet　been　given　to　it。　Concord　is　at　present　to　be　noted　as　the　residence　of　Mr。　Emerson　and　of　Mr。　Hawthorne；　two　of　those　many　men　of　letters　of　whose　presence　Boston　and　its　neighborhood　have　reason　to　be　proud。　　Of　Mr。　Emerson　I　have　already　spoken。　　The　author　of　the　〃Scarlet　Letter〃　I　regard　as　certainly　the　first　of　American　novelists。　　I　know　what　men　will　say　of　Mr。　Cooper；and　I　also　am　an　admirer　of　Cooper's　novels。　　But　I　cannot　think　that　Mr。　Cooper's　powers　were　equal　to　those　of　Mr。　Hawthorne；　though　his　mode　of　thought　may　have　been　more　genial；　and　his　choice　of　subjects　more　attractive　in　their　day。　　In　point　of　imagination；　which；　after　all；　is　the　novelist's　greatest　gift；　I　hardly　know　any　living　author　who　can　he　accounted　superior　to　Mr。　Hawthorne。　Very　much　has；　undoubtedly；　been　done　in　Boston　to　carry　out　that　theory　of　Colonel　Newcome'sEmollit　mores；　by　which　the　Colonel　meant　to　signify　his　opinion　that　a　competent　knowledge　of　reading；　writing；　and　arithmetic；　with　a　taste　for　enjoying　those　accomplishments；　goes　very　far　toward　the　making　of　a　man；　and　will　by　no　means　mar　a　gentleman。　　In　Boston　nearly　every　man；　woman；　and　child　has　had　his　or　her　manner