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lays of ancient rome(硬袋瀧圭了)-及9何蛍

弌傍�� lays of ancient rome(硬袋瀧圭了) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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superstitious      awe。   A   mark�察   �resembling      in  shape    a  horse's    hoof�察  �was 

discernible in the volcanic rock�察�and this mark was believed to have been 

made by one of the celestial chargers。 

     How   the   legend   originated   cannot   now   be   ascertained�察  �but   we   may 

easily imagine several ways in which it might have originated�察�nor is it at 

all necessary to suppose�察�with Julius Frontinus�察�that two young men were 

dressed up by the Dictator to personate the sons of Leda。 It is probable that 

Livy is correct when he says that the Roman general�察�in the hour of peril�察�

vowed a temple to Castor。 If so�察�nothing could be more natural than that 

the   multitude   should   ascribe   the   victory   to   the   favor   of   the   Twin   Gods。 

When such was the prevailing sentiment�察�any man who chose to declare 

that�察�in the midst of the confusion and slaughter�察�he had seen two godlike 

forms on white horses scattering the Latines�察�would find ready credence。 

We know�察�indeed�察�that in modern times a very similar story actually found 



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credence   among   a   people   much   more   civilized   than   the   Romans   of   the 

fifth century before Christ。 A chaplain of Cortes�察�writing about thirty years 

after   the   conquest   of   Mexico�察  �in   an   age   of   printing   presses�察  �libraries�察�

universities�察  �scholars�察  �logicians�察  �jurists�察  �and   statesmen�察  �had   the   face   to 

assert that�察�in one engagement against the Indians�察�St。 James had appeared 

on   a gray  horse   at   the   head of   the   Castilian   adventurers。   Many  of   those 

adventurers   were   living   when   this   lie   was   printed。   One   of   them�察  �honest 

Bernal Diaz�察�wrote an account of the expedition。 He had the evidence of 

his own senses against the legend�察�but he seems to have distrusted even 

the evidence of his own senses。 He says that he was in the battle�察�and that 

he saw a gray horse with a man on his back�察�but that the man was�察�to his 

thinking�察�Francesco de Morla�察�and not the ever´blessed apostle St。 James。 

``Nevertheless��'' Bernal adds�察 �`it may be that the person on the gray horse 

was   the   glorious   apostle     St。   James�察  �and   that   I�察  �sinner  that   I   am�察 �was 

unworthy to see him。'' The Romans of the age of Cincinatus were probably 

quite    as  credulous     as  the   Spanish    subjects    of  Charles    the   Fifth。  It  is 

therefore   conceivable   that   the   appearance   of   Castor   and   Pollux   may   be 

become   an      article   of  faith  before   the   generation     which   had    fought    at 

Regillus had passed away。 Nor could anything be more natural than that 

the    poets   of  the   next   age   should    embellish     this  story�察 �and    make    the 

celestial horsemen bear the tidings of victory to Rome。 

     Many  years   after   the   temple of   the Twin   Gods had   been built   in   the 

Forum�察�an   important addition   was   made to   the   ceremonial by  which   the 

state   annually   testified   its   gratitude   for   their   protection。   Quintus   Fabius 

and   Publius   Decius   were   elected   Censors   at   a   momentous   crisis。   It   had 

become absolutely necessary that the classification of the citizens should 

be   revised。   On   that   classification   depended   the   distribution   of   political 

power。 Party spirit ran high�察�and the republic seemed to be in danger of 

falling under the dominion either of a narrow oligarchy or of an ignorant 

and   headstrong       rabble。   Under   such    circumstances�察  �the   most      illustrious 

patrician and the most illustrious plebeian of the age were entrusted with 

the office   of   arbitrating   between   the   angry  factions�察  �and   they  performed 

their arduous task to the satisfaction of all honest and reasonable men。 

     One of their reforms was the remodelling of the equestrian order�察�and�察�



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having     effected    this  reform�察  �they   determined      to  give   to  their  work    a 

sanction     derived    from    religion。   In  the  chivalrous     societies   of  modern 

times��societies which have much more than may at first sight appear in 

common   with   with   the   equestrian   order   of   Rome��it   has   been   usual   to 

invoke the special protection of some Saint�察�and to observe his day with 

peculiar solemnity。 Thus the Companions of the Garter wear the image of 

St。 George depending from their collars�察�and meet�察�on great occasions�察�in 

St。   George's   Chapel。   Thus�察  �when   Louis   the   Fourteenth   instituted   a   new 

order of chivalry for the rewarding of military merit�察�he commended it to 

the favor of his own glorified ancestor and patron�察�and decreed that all the 

members of the fraternity should meet at the royal palace on the feast of St。 

Louis�察  �should   attend   the   king   to   chapel�察  �should   hear   mass�察  �and   should 

subsequently   hold   their   great   annual   assembley。   There   is   a   considerable 

resemblance between this rule of the order of St。 Louis and the rule which 

Fabius   and   Decius   made   respecting   the  Roman   knights。   It   was   ordained 

that a grand muster and inspection of the equestrian body should be part of 

the ceremonial performed�察�on the anniversary of the battle of Regillus�察�in 

honor of Castor and Pollux�察�the two equestrian gods。 All the knights�察�clad 

in purple and crowned with olive�察�were to meet at a temple of Mars in the 

suburbs。 Thence they were to ride in state to the Forum�察�where the temple 

of the Twins stood。 This pageant was�察�during several centuries�察�considered 

as one of the most splendid sights of Rome。 In the time of Dionysius the 

cavalcade sometimes consisted of five thousand horsemen�察�all persons of 

fair repute and easy fortune。 

     There   can   be   no   doubt   that   the   Censors   who   instituted   this   august 

ceremony acted in concert with the Pontiffs to whom�察�by the constitution 

of   Rome�察  �the   superintendence   of   the   public   worship   belonged�察  �and   it   is 

probable that   those high religious   functionaries   were�察�as usual�察 �fortunate 

enough      to   find   in  their   books     or  traditions    some     warrant    for   the 

innovation。 

     The   following   poem   is   supposed   to   have   been   made   for   this   great 

occasion。   Songs�察  �we   know�察  �were   chanted   at   religious   festivals   of   Rome 

from an early period�察�indeed from so early a period that some of the sacred 

verses were popularly ascribed to Numa�察�and were utterly unintelligible in 



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the age of Augustus。  In  the  Second   Punic War  a  great   feast   was   held in 

honor of Juno�察�and a song was sung in her praise。 This song was extant 

when Livy wrote�察�and�察�though exceedingly rugged and uncouth�察�seemed to 

him not wholly destitute of merit。 A song�察�as we learn from Horace�察�was 

part   of   the   established   ritual   at   the   great   Secular   Jubilee。   It   is   therefore 

likely that the Censors and Pontiffs�察�when they had resolved to add a grand 

procession of knights to the other solemnities annually performed on the 

Ides   of   Quintilis�察  �would   call   in   the   aid   of   a   poet。   Such   a   poet   would 

naturally take for his subject the battle of Regillus�察�the appearance of the 

Twin Gods�察�and the institution of their festival。 He would find abundant 

materials in the ballads of his predecessors�察�and he would make free use of 

the   scanty   stock   of   Greek   learning   which   he   had   himself   acquired。   He 

would      probably     introduce     some     wise   and    holy   Pontiff    enjoining     the 

magnificent   ceremonial   which�察  �after   a   long   interval�察  �had   at   length   been 

adopted。      If  the   poem     succeeded�察     �many     persons    would     commit      it  to 

memory。   Parts   of   it   would   be   sung   to   the   pipe   at   banquets。   It   would   be 

peculiarly   interesting   to   the   great   Posthumian   House�察  �which   numbered 

among its many images that of the Dictator Aulus�察�the hero of Regillus。 

The     orator   who�察   �in  the   following     generation�察    �pronounced       the   funeral 

panegyric over the remains of Lucius Posthumius Megellus�察�thrice Consul�察�

would      borrow     largely    from    the   lay�察 �and    thus   some     passages�察    �much 

disfigured�察�would probably find their way into the chronicles which were 

afterwards in the hands of Dionysius and Livy。 

       Antiquaries differ widely as to the situation of the field of battle。 The 

opinion      of  those    who    suppose      that  the   armies    met    near    Cornufelle�察�

between Frascati and the Monte Porzio�察�is at least plausible�察�and has been 

followed in the poem。 

     As   to   the   details   of   the   battle�察  �it   has   not   been   thought   desirable   to 

adhere   minutely   to   the   accounts   which   have   come   down   to   us。   Those 

accounts�察  �indeed�察  �differ   widely   from   each   other�察  �and�察  �in   all   probability�察�

differ as widely from the ancient poem from which they were originally 

derived。 

     It is unnecessary to point out the obvious imitations of the Iliad�察�which 

have been purposely introduced。 



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                                     Lays of Ancient Rome 



                      The Battle of the Lake Regillus 



     A Lay Sung at the Feast of Castor and Pollux on the 



     Ides of Quintilis in the year of the

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