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she stands accused(慢頁瓜御)-及7何蛍

弌傍�� she stands accused(慢頁瓜御) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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       ��3�А �And   haifing   enterit   within   the   faid   chalmer�察  �perfaving   the   faid 

vmqle   Johnne   to   be   walknit   out   of   his   fleip�察  �be   thair   dyn�察  �and   to   preife 

ouer   his   bed   ftok�察  �the   faid   Robert   cam   than   rynnand   to   him�察  �and   maift 

crewallie�察�with thair faldit neiffis gaif him ane deidlie and crewall straik 

on   the   vane´organe�察  �quhairwith   he   dang   the   faid   vmqle   Johnne   to   the 

grund�察�out´ouer his bed�察�and thaireftir�察�crewallie ftrak him on bellie with 

his feit�察�quhairvpoun he gaif ane grit cry�此          �And the faid Robert�察�feiring the 



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cry fould haif bene hard�察�he thaireftir�察�maift tyrannouflie and barbarouflie�察�

with his hand�察�grippit him be the thrott or waifen�察�quhilk he held faft ane 

lang tyme quhill he wirreit him�察�during the quhilk tyme�察�the faid Johnne 

Kincaid   lay   ftruggilling   and   fechting   in   the   panes   of   daith   vnder   him。 

And   fa�察 �the   faid   vmqle   Johnne   was   crewallie   murdreit   and   flaine   be   the 

faid Robert。'' 



     It will be seen that Robert Weir evolved a murder technique which�察�as 

Pitcairn     points   out�察  �was    to  be   adopted     over    two    centuries    later  in 

Edinburgh at the Westport by Messrs Burke and Hare。 



     �ァ�II 

     Lady Warriston was found guilty�察�and four days after the murder�察�on 

the 5th of July�察�was taken to the Girth Cross of Holyrood�察�at the foot of the 

Canongate�察�and there decapitated by that machine which rather anticipated 

the inventiveness of Dr Guillotin``the Maiden。''               At the same time�察�four 

o'clock   in   the   morning�察  �Janet   Murdo�察  �the   nurse�察  �and   one   of   the   serving´ 

women accused with her as accomplices were burned on the Castle Hill of 

the city。 

     There is something odd about the early hour at which the executions 

took place。       The usual time for these affairs was much later in the day�察�

and   it   is   probable   that   the   sentence   against   Jean   ran   that   she   should   be 

executed towards dusk on the 4th of the month。                 The family of Dunipace�察�

however�察�having exerted no influence towards saving the daughter of the 

house from her fate�察�did everything they could to have her disposed of as 

secretly and as expeditiously as possible。             In their zeal to have done with 

the    hapless    girl  who�察   �they   conceived�察    �had   blotted    the  family    honour 

indelibly   they   were   in   the   prison   with   the   magistrates   soon   after   three 

o'clock�察�quite indecent in their haste to see her on her way to the scaffold。 

In the first place they had applied to have her executed at nine o'clock on 

the   evening   of   the   3rd�察  �another   unusual   hour�察  �but   the   application   was 

turned down。        The main idea with them was to have Jean done away with 

at   some   hour   when   the   populace   would   not   be   expecting   the   execution。 

Part of   the   plan   for   privacy  is   revealed in the fact of the burning of   the 



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nurse and the ``hyred woman'' at four o'clock at the Castle Hill�察�nearly a 

mile away from the Girth Cross�察�soas the Pitcairn Trials footnote says´ 

``that    the  populace�察    �who    might    be   so   early   astir�察 �should    have   their 

attentions   distracted     at  two   opposite    stations   。  。   。 and   thus�察  �in  some 

measure�察�lessen the disgrace of the public execution。'' 

     If   Jean   had   any   reason    to  thank    her  family    it  was   for   securing�察�

probably   as   much   on   their   own   behalf   as   hers�察  �that   the   usual   way   of 

execution for women murderers should be altered in her case to beheading 

by ``the Maiden。''       Had she been of lesser rank she would certainly have 

been   burned�察  �after   being   strangled   at   a   stake�察  �as   were her   nurse   and   the 

serving´woman。          This    was    the  appalling     fate  reserved    for   convicted 

women��4�А�in such cases�察�and on conviction even of smaller crimes。                       The 

process     was    even    crueller    in  instances     where    the   crime    had    been 

particularly atrocious。       ``The criminal��'' says the Pitcairn account of such 

punishment�察 �`was `brunt quick'��'' 

       ��4�А  �Men   convicted   of   certain   crimes   were   also   subject   to   the   same 

form of execution adulterating and uttering base coins ��Alan Napier�察�cutler 

in   Glasgow�察  �was   strangled   and   burned   at   the   stake   in   December   1602�� 

sorcery�察�witchcraft�察�incantation�察�poisoning ��Bailie Paterson suffered a like 

fate in   December   1607��。        For   bestiality  John   Jack   was   strangled   on   the 

Castle Hill ��September 1605���察�and the innocent animal participator in his 

crime burned with him。 



     Altogether�察�the Dunipace family do not exactly shine with a good light 

as   concerns     their  treatment    of   the  condemned       girl。  Her    father   stood 

coldly aside。      The quoted footnote remarks�此�

       It is recorded that the Laird of Dunipace behaved with much apathy 

towards his daughter�察�whom he would not so much as see previous to her 

execution�察�nor yet would he intercede for her�察�through whose delinquency 

he reckoned his blood to be for ever dishonoured。 

       Jean herself was in no mind to be hurried to the scaffold as early as 

her relatives   would have had her   conveyed。             She wanted   ��poor girl�。� to 

see the sunrise�察�and to begin with the magistrates granted her request。                    It 

would appear�察�however�察�that Jean's blood´relations opposed the concession 



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                                    SHE STANDS ACCUSED 



so strongly that it was almost immediately rescinded。                     The culprit had to 

die in the grey dark of the morning�察�before anyone was likely to be astir。 

     In   certain   directions   there   was   not   a   little   heart´burning       about   the 

untimely hour at which it was manoeuvred the execution should be carried 

out。     The writer of a Memorial�察�from which this piece of information is 

drawn�察  �refrains   very   cautiously  from   mentioning   the   objectors   by   name。 

But it is not   difficult�察 �from  the   colour  of  their   objections�察 �to   decide   that 

these   people   belonged   to   the   type   still   known   in   Scotland   as   the   `unco 

guid。'     They saw in the execution of this fair malefactor a moral lesson 

and   a   solemn   warning   which   would   have   a   salutary   and   uplifting   effect 

upon the spectators。 

     ``Will     you��''   they   asked     the  presiding     dignitaries�察    �and    the  blood´ 

relations of the hapless Jean�察 �`deprive God's people of that comfort which 

they might have in that poor woman's death�拭                    �And will you obstruct the 

honour of it by putting her away before the people rise out of their beds�拭�

You   do   wrong   in   so   doing�察  �for   the   more   public   the   death   be�察  �the   more 

profitable it   shall   be   to   many�察  �and   the   more   glorious�察  �in   the   sight   of   all 

who shall see it。'' 

     But   perhaps   one   does   those   worthies   an   injustice   in   attributing   cant 

motives to their desire that as many people as possible should see Jean die。 

It   had   probably   reached   them   that   the   Lady   Warriston's   repentance   had 

been   complete�察 �and   that   after   conviction   of   her   sin had   come   to   her   her 

conduct   had   been   sweet   and   seemly。          They   were   of   their   day   and   age�察�

those     people�察    �accustomed        almost      daily    to   beheadings�察      �stranglings�察�

burnings�察�hangings�察�and dismemberings。                   With that dour�察�bitter�察�fire´and´ 

brimstone religious conception which they had through Knox from Calvin�察�

they were probably quite sincere in their belief that the public repentance 

Jean   Livingstone   was   due   to   make   from   the   scaffold   would   be   for   the 

``comfort of God's people。''            It was not so often that justice exacted the 

extreme       penalty    from     a  young      woman      of   rank    and    beauty。      With 

``dreadful   objects   so   familiar''   in   the   way   of   public   executions�察  �it   was 

likely enough that pity in the   commonalty was ``choked   with custom  of 

fell deeds。''     Something out of the way in the nature of a dreadful object´ 

lesson might stir the hearts of the populace and make them conscious of 



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the Wrath to Come。 

     And Jean Livingstone did die a good death。 

     The Memorial��5�А�which I have mentioned is upon Jean's `conversion' 

in prison。     It is written by one ``who was both a seer and hearer of what 

was spoken ��by the Lady Warriston�А�''              The editor of the Pitcairn Trials 

believes�察�from internal evidence�察�that it was written by Mr James Balfour�察�

colleague   of   Mr   Robert   Bruce�察  �that   minister   of   the   Kirk   who   was   so 

contumacious   about   preaching   what   was   practically  a   plea of the   King's 

innocence in the matter of the Gowrie mystery。                 It tells how Jean�察�from 

being   completely   apathetic   and   callous   with   regard   to   religion   or   to   the 

dreadful situation in which she found herself through her crime�察�under the 

patient    and    tender   ministrations     of   her  spiritual   advisers�察   �arrived

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