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glaucus-or the wonders of the shore(鯉斥互帽)-及12何蛍

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GOSSE'S AQUARIUM�察�pp。 226�察�227。 



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                                Glaucus/or The Wonders of the Shore 



       These   words   have   more   than   fulfilled   themselves   since   they   were 

written。     Those   Deep´Sea   dredgings�察  �of   which   a   detailed   account          will 

be found in Dr。 Wyville Thomson's new and most beautiful book�察                           �The 

Depths of the   Sea�察─  �have   disclosed�察 �of   late   years�察 �wonders of           the   deep 

even more strange and more multitudinous than the wonders                       of the shore。 

The   time   is   past   when   we   thought   ourselves   bound         to   believe�察    �with 

Professor   Edward   Forbes�察  �that   only   some   hundred            fathoms   down�察  �the 

inhabitants   of   the   sea´bottom   ;become   more   and           more   modified�察  �and 

fewer and fewer�察�indicating our approach towards                   an abyss where life is 

either   extinguished�察  �or   exhibits   but   a   few    sparks   to   mark   it's   lingering 

presence。; 

     Neither   now   need   we   indulge   in   another   theory   which   had   a   certain 

grandeur in it�察�and was not so absurd as it looks at first sight�察 �                  namely�察�

that�察  �as   Dr。   Wyville   Thomson   puts   it�察  �picturesquely   enough�察        �in   going 

down   the   sea   water   became�察  �under   the   pressure�察  �gradually        heavier   and 

heavier�察�and that all the loose things floated at             different levels�察�according 

to their specific weight�察 � skeletons           of men�察�anchors and shot and cannon�察�

and last of all the broad gold           pieces lost in the wreck of many a galleon 

off the Spanish Main�察          �the whole forming a kind of 'false bottom' to the 

ocean�察�beneath         which there lay all the depth of clear still water�察�which 

was     heavier than molten gold。; 

     The facts are�察�first that water�察�being all but incompressible�察�is                 hardly 

any heavier�察�and just as liquid�察�at the greatest depth�察�than                 at the surface�察�

and that therefore animals can move as freely in it                 in deep as in shallow 

water�察�and next�察�that as the fluids inside              the body of a sea animal must 

be at the same pressure as that of            the water outside it�察�the two pressures 

must balance each other�察          �and the body�察�instead of being crushed in�察�may 

be unconscious that          it is living under a weight of two or three miles of 

water。     But   so    it   is�察  �as   we   gather   our   curiosities   at   low´tide   mark�察  �or 

haul   the    dredge   a   mile   or   two   out   at   sea�察  �we   may   allow   our   fancy   to 

range     freely out to the westward�察�and down over the subaqueous cliffs of 

the hundred´fathom line�察�which mark the old shore of the British                         Isles�察�

or rather of a time when Britain and Ireland were part of                     the continent�察�

through water a mile�察�and two�察�and three miles deep�察                  �into total darkness�察�



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and   icy   cold�察  �and   a   pressure   which�察  �in   the open   air�察  �would   crush   any 

known   living   creature   to   a   jelly�察  �and   be  certain   that   we   shall   find   the 

ocean´floor      teeming     everywhere       with    multitudinous       life�察 �some    of  it 

strangely like�察�some strangely           unlike�察�the creatures which we see along 

the shore。 

     Some   strangely   like。       You   may   find�察  �for   instance�察  �among   the   sea´ 

weed�察�here and there�察�a little black sea´spider�察�a Nymphon�察�who has                      this 

peculiarity�察  �that   possessing   no   body   at   all   to   speak   of�察  �he carries   his 

needful      stomach     in   long   branches�察    �packed     inside    his    legs。     The 

specimens which you will find will probably be half an                     inch across the 

legs。    An almost exactly similar Nymphon has been                     dredged from the 

depths of the Arctic and Antarctic oceans�察�nearly               two feet across。 

     You may find also a quaint little shrimp�察�CAPRELLA�察�clinging by its 

hind claws to sea´weed�察�and waving its gaunt grotesque body to and                       fro�察�

while  it   makes   mesmeric   passes   with   its   large  fore  claws�察  �     one  of  the 

most   ridiculous   of   Nature's   many   ridiculous   forms。         Those   which   you 

will find will be some quarter of an inch in             length�察�but in the cold area of 

the North Atlantic�察�their cousins�察         �it is now found�察�are nearly three inches 

long�察�and perch in like         manner�察�not on sea´weeds�察�for there are none so 

deep�察�but on       branching sponges。 

     These     are   but   two   instances     out  of   many     of  forms    which     were 

supposed to   be peculiar to   shallow  shores repeating   themselves   at               vast 

depths�此     �thus   forcing    on   us   strange   questions     about   changes     in   the 

distribution     and    depth   of   the  ancient    seas�察  �and   forcing    us�察  �also�察  �to 

reconsider the old rules by which rocks were distinguished                     as deep´sea 

or shallow´sea deposits according to the fossils found                in them。 

     As    for  the   new    forms�察   �and   even    more    important     than   them�察   �the 

ancient forms�察�supposed to have been long extinct�察�and only known                          as 

fossils�察�till they were lately rediscovered alive in the nether                 darkness�察 � 

for them you must consult Dr。 Wyville Thomson's book�察                     �and the notices 

of   the   ;Challenger's;   dredgings   which   appear   from        time   to   time   in   the 

columns   of   ;Nature�察─  �for   want   of   space   forbids      my   speaking   of   them 

here。 

     But if you have no time to read ;The Depths of the Sea�察─�go at                     least 



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to   the   British   Museum�察  �or   if   you   be   a   northern   man�察  �to   the admirable 

public museum at Liverpool�察�ask   to be shown the deep´sea                    forms�察  �and 

there feast your curiosity and your sense of beauty for              an hour。     Look at 

the   Crinoids�察  �or   stalked   star´fishes�察  �the   ;Lilies of   living   stone�察─  �which 

swarmed   in   the   ancient   seas�察  �in   vast variety�察  �and   in   such   numbers   that 

whole beds of limestone are           composed of their disjointed fragments�察�but 

which have vanished out           of our modern seas�察�we know not why�察�till�察�a 

few years since�察      �almost the only known living species was the exquisite 

and rare     Pentacrinus asteria�察�from deep water off the Windward Isles of 

the    West Indies。 

     Of this you will see a specimen   or two both at Liverpool and in   the 

British    Museum�察     �and   near   them�察   �probably�察   �specimens     of  the   new´old 

Crinoids�察�discovered of late years by Professor Sars�察�Mr。 Gwyn                    Jeffreys�察�

Dr。 Carpenter�察�Dr。 Wyville Thomson�察�and the other deep´ sea disciples of 

the mythic Glaucus�察�the fisherman�察�who�察�enamoured                    of the wonders of 

the sea�察�plunged into the blue abyss once and for              all�察�and became himself 

;the blue old man of the sea。; 

     Next look at the corals�察�and Gorgonias�察�and all the sea´fern tribe                  of 

branching polypidoms�察�and last�察�but not least�察�at the glass                sponges�察�first 

at the Euplectella�察�or Venus's flower´basket�察�which              lives embedded in the 

mud of the seas of the Philippines�察�supported             by a glass frill ;standing up 

round it like an Elizabethan ruff。;            Twenty years ago there was but one 

specimen      in   Europe�此    �now     you   may     buy    one    for  a  pound    in   any 

curiosity shop。      I advise you to do so�察       �and to keep ´ as I have seen done 

´ under a glass case�察�as a        delight to your eyes�察�one of the most exquisite�察�

both for form and        texture�察�of natural objects。 

     Then look at the Hyalonemas�察�or glass´rope ocean floor by a twisted 

wisp   of   strong   flexible   flint   needles�察  �somewhat   on   the   principle   of   a 

screw´pile。        So     strange    and    complicated       is  their   structure�察   �that 

naturalists for a long while could literally make neither head nor                  tail of 

them�察  �as   long   as   they   had   only   Japanese   specimens   to   study�察  �some   of 

which the Japanese dealers had�察�of malice prepense�察�stuck                   upside down 

into    Pholas´borings      in  stones。    Which      was   top   and   which     bottom�察�

which     the   thing   itself�察 �and   which    special    parasites   growing      on    it�察�



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                               Glaucus/or The Wonders of the Shore 



whether it was a sponge�察�or a zoophyte�察�or something else�察                   �at one time 

even whether it was natural�察�or artificial and a make´ up�察 � could not be 

settled�察�even till a year or two since。          But the     discovery of the same�察�or 

a   similar�察  �species   in   abundance   from   the     Butt   of   the   Lows   down   to 

Setubal on the Portuguese coast�察�where the               deep´water shark fishers call 

it ;sea´whip�察─�has given our savants            specimens enough to make up their 

minds ´ that they really know           little or nothing about it�察�and probably will 

never know。 

     And     do  not   forget�察  �lastly

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