glaucus-or the wonders of the shore(鯉斥互帽)-及6何蛍
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seeming to go backwards when they were really progressing most�此 �and
now we have entered into their labours�察�and find them�察�as I have just said�察�
more wondrous than all the poetic dreams of a Bonnet or a Darwin。
For who�察�after all�察�to take a few broad instances ��not to enlarge on the
great root´wonder of a number of distinct individuals connected by a
common life�察 �and forming a seeming plant invariable in each species���察�
would have dreamed of the ;bizarreries; which these very zoophytes
present in their classification�拭�
You go down to any shore after a gale of wind�察 �and pick up a few
delicate little sea´ferns。 You have two in your hand�察 �which probably
look to you�察�even under a good pocket magnifier�察�identical or nearly so。
��1�� But you are told to your surprise�察�that however like the dead horny
polypidoms which you hold may be�察 �the two species of animal which
have formed them are at least as far apart in the scale of creation as a
quadruped is from a fish。 You see in some Musselburgh dredger's boat
the phosphorescent sea´pen ��unknown in England���察 �a living feather�察 �of
the look and consistency of a cock's comb�察�or the still stranger sea´rush
��VIRGULARIA MIRABILIS���察 �a spine a foot long�察 �with hundreds of
rosy flowerets arranged in half´rings round it from end to end�察�and you
are told that these are the congeners of the great stony Venus's fan which
hangs in seamen's cottages�察�brought home from the West Indies。 And
ere you have done wondering�察�you hear that all three are congeners of
the ugly�察 �shapeless�察 �white ;dead man's hand�察─ �which you may pick up
after a storm on any shore。 You have a beautiful madrepore or brain´
stone on your mantel´piece�察�brought home from some Pacific coral´reef。
You are to believe that its first cousins are the soft�察�slimy sea´anemones
which you see expanding their living flowers in every rock´pool ´ bags
of sea´water�察�without a trace of bone or stone。 You must believe it�察�for
in science�察�as in higher matters�察�he who will walk surely�察�must ;walk by
faith and not by sight。;
These are but a few of the wonders which the classification of
marine animals affords�察�and only drawn from one class of them�察 �though
almost as common among every other family of that submarine world
whereof Spenser sang ´
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;Oh�察 �what an endless work have I in hand�察 �To count the sea's
abundant progeny� �Whose fruitful seed far passeth those in land�察�And also
those which won in th' azure sky�察�For much more earth to tell the stars on
high�察 �Albe they endless seem in estimation�察 �Than to recount the sea's
posterity�察 �So fertile be the flouds in generation�察 �So huge their numbers�察�
and so numberless their nation。;
But these few examples will be sufficient to account both for the
slow pace at which the knowledge of sea´animals has progressed�察 �and
for the allurement which men of the highest attainments have found�察 �and
still find�察�in it。 And when to this we add the marvels which meet us at
every step in the anatomy and the reproduction of these creatures�察�and in
the chemical and mechanical functions which they fulfil in the great
economy of our planet�察�we cannot wonder at finding that books which
treat of them carry with them a certain charm of romance�察�and feed the
play of fancy�察�and that love of the marvellous which is inherent in man�察�
at the same time that they lead the reader to more solemn and lofty trains
of thought�察 �which can find their full satisfaction only in self´forgetful
worship�察 �and that hymn of praise which goes up ever from land and sea�察�
as well as from saints and martyrs and the heavenly host�察 �O all ye
works of the Lord�察�and ye�察�too�察�spirits and souls of the righteous�察 �praise
Him�察�and magnify Him for ever� ─�
I have said�察�that there were excuses for the old contempt of the study
of Natural History。 I have said�察�too�察�it may be hoped�察 �enough to show
that contempt to be now ill´founded。 But still�察 �there are those who
regard it as a mere amusement�察�and that as a somewhat effeminate one�察�
and think that it can at best help to while away a leisure hour harmlessly�察�
and perhaps usefully�察�as a substitute for coarser sports�察�or for the reading
of novels。 Those�察�however�察�who have followed it out�察�especially on the
sea´ shore�察 �know better。 They can tell from experience�察 �that over and
above its accessory charms of pure sea´breezes�察 �and wild rambles by
cliff and loch�察�the study itself has had a weighty moral effect upon their
hearts and spirits。 There are those who can well understand how the
good and wise John Ellis�察�amid all his philanthropic labours for the good
of the West Indies�察 �while he was spending his intellect and fortune in
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introducing into our tropic settlements the bread´fruit�察 �the mangosteen�察�
and every plant and seed which he hoped might be useful for medicine�察�
agriculture�察 �and commerce�察 �could yet feel himself justified in devoting
large portions of his ever well´spent time to the fighting the battle of
the corallines against Parsons and the rest�察�and even in measuring pens
with Linne�察�the prince of naturalists。
There are those who can sympathise with the gallant old Scotch
officer mentioned by some writer on sea´weeds�察 �who�察 �desperately
wounded in the breach at Badajos�察 �and a sharer in all the toils and
triumphs of the Peninsular war�察 �could in his old age show a rare sea´
weed with as much triumph as his well´earned medals�察�and talk over a
tiny spore´capsule with as much zest as the records of sieges and battles。
Why not�拭 �That temper which made him a good soldier may very well
have made him a good naturalist also。 The late illustrious geologist�察�Sir
Roderick Murchison�察 �was also an old Peninsular officer。 I doubt not
that with him�察�too�察�the experiences of war may have helped to fit him for
the studies of peace。 Certainly�察 �the best naturalist�察 �as far as logical
acumen�察 �as well as earnest research�察 �is concerned�察 �whom England has
ever seen�察 �was the Devonshire squire�察 �Colonel George Montagu�察 �of
whom the late E。 Forbes well says�察 �that ;had he been educated a
physiologist; ��and not�察�as he was�察�a soldier and a sportsman���察 �and made
the study of Nature his aim and not his amusement�察�his would have been
one of the greatest names in the whole range of British science。; I
question�察 �nevertheless�察 �whether he would not have lost more than he
would have gained by a different training。 It might have made him a
more learned systematizer�察 �but would it have quickened in him that
;seeing; eye of the true soldier and sportsman�察�which makes Montagu's
descriptions indelible word´ pictures�察�instinct with life and truth�拭 �There
is no question�察─ �says E。 Forbes�察 �after bewailing the vagueness of most
naturalists�察 �about the identity of any animal Montagu described。 。 。 。 He
was a forward´looking philosopher�察�he spoke of every creature as if one
exceeding like it�察�yet different from it�察�would be washed up by the waves
next tide。 Consequently his descriptions are permanent。; Scientific
men will recognize in this the highest praise which can be bestowed�察�
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because it attributes to him the highest faculty ´ The Art of Seeing�察�but
the study and the book would not have given that。 It is God's gift
wheresoever educated�此 �but its true school´ room is the camp and the
ocean�察 �the prairie and the forest�察 �active�察 �self´helping life�察 �which can
grapple with Nature herself�此 �not