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glaucus-第15部分

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horns; while from the after…part of his back springs a circular 

Prince…of…Wales's…feather of gills; … they are almost exactly like 

those which we saw just now in the white Cucumaria。  Yes; here is 

another instance of the same custom of repetition。  The Cucumaria 

is a low radiate animal … the sea…slug a far higher mollusc; and 

every organ within him is formed on a different type; as indeed are 

those seemingly identical gills; if you come to examine them under 

the microscope; having to oxygenate fluids of a very different and 

more complicated kind; and; moreover; the Cucumaria's gills were 

put round his mouth; the Doris's feathers round the other 

extremity; that grey Eolis's; again; are simple clubs; scattered 

over his whole back; and in each of his nudibranch congeners these 

same gills take some new and fantastic form; in Melibaea those 

clubs are covered with warts; in Scyllaea; with tufted bouquets; in 

the beautiful Antiopa they are transparent bags; and in many other 

English species they take every conceivable form of leaf; tree; 

flower; and branch; bedecked with every colour of the rainbow; as 

you may see them depicted in Messrs。 Alder and Hancock's unrivalled 

Monograph on the Nudibranch Mollusca。



And now; worshipper of final causes and the mere useful in nature; 

answer but one question; … Why this prodigal variety?  All these 

Nudibranchs live in much the same way:  why would not the same 

mould have done for them all?  And why; again; (for we must push 

the argument a little further;) why have not all the butterflies; 

at least all who feed on the same plant; the same markings?  Of all 

unfathomable triumphs of design; (we can only express ourselves 

thus; for honest induction; as Paley so well teaches; allows us to 

ascribe such results only to the design of some personal will and 

mind;) what surpasses that by which the scales on a butterfly's 

wing are arranged to produce a certain pattern of artistic beauty 

beyond all painter's skill?  What a waste of power; on any 

utilitarian theory of nature!  And once more; why are those strange 

microscopic atomies; the Diatomaceae and Infusoria; which fill 

every stagnant pool; which fringe every branch of sea…weed; which 

form banks hundreds of miles long on the Arctic sea…floor; and the 

strata of whole moorlands; which pervade in millions the mass of 

every iceberg; and float aloft in countless swarms amid the clouds 

of the volcanic dust; … why are their tiny shells of flint as 

fantastically various in their quaint mathematical symmetry; as 

they are countless beyond the wildest dreams of the Poet?  Mystery 

inexplicable on the conceited notion which; making man forsooth the 

centre of the universe; dares to believe that this variety of forms 

has existed for countless ages in abysmal sea…depths and untrodden 

forests; only that some few individuals of the Western races might; 

in these latter days; at last discover and admire a corner here and 

there of the boundless realms of beauty。  Inexplicable; truly; if 

man be the centre and the object of their existence; explicable 

enough to him who believes that God has created all things for 

Himself; and rejoices in His own handiwork; and that the material 

universe is; as the wise man says; 〃A platform whereon His Eternal 

Spirit sports and makes melody。〃  Of all the blessings which the 

study of nature brings to the patient observer; let none; perhaps; 

be classed higher than this:  that the further he enters into those 

fairy gardens of life and birth; which Spenser saw and described in 

his great poem; the more he learns the awful and yet most 

comfortable truth; that they do not belong to him; but to One 

greater; wiser; lovelier than he; and as he stands; silent with 

awe; amid the pomp of Nature's ever…busy rest; hears; as of old; 

〃The Word of the Lord God walking among the trees of the garden in 

the cool of the day。〃



One sight more; and we have done。  I had something to say; had time 

permitted; on the ludicrous element which appears here and there in 

nature。  There are animals; like monkeys and crabs; which seem made 

to be laughed at; by those at least who possess that most 

indefinable of faculties; the sense of the ridiculous。  As long as 

man possesses muscles especially formed to enable him to laugh; we 

have no right to suppose (with some) that laughter is an accident 

of our fallen nature; or to find (with others) the primary cause of 

the ridiculous in the perception of unfitness or disharmony。  And 

yet we shrink (whether rightly or wrongly; we can hardly tell) from 

attributing a sense of the ludicrous to the Creator of these forms。  

It may be a weakness on my part; at least I will hope it is a 

reverent one:  but till we can find something corresponding to what 

we conceive of the Divine Mind in any class of phenomena; it is 

perhaps better not to talk about them at all; but observe a stoic 

〃epoche;〃 waiting for more light; and yet confessing that our own 

laughter is uncontrollable; and therefore we hope not unworthy of 

us; at many a strange creature and strange doing which we meet; 

from the highest ape to the lowest polype。



But; in the meanwhile; there are animals in which results so 

strange; fantastic; even seemingly horrible; are produced; that 

fallen man may be pardoned; if he shrinks from them in disgust。  

That; at least; must be a consequence of our own wrong state; for 

everything is beautiful and perfect in its place。  It may be 

answered; 〃Yes; in its place; but its place is not yours。  You had 

no business to look at it; and must pay the penalty for 

intermeddling。〃  I doubt that answer; for surely; if man have 

liberty to do anything; he has liberty to search out freely his 

heavenly Father's works; and yet every one seems to have his 

antipathic animal; and I know one bred from his childhood to 

zoology by land and sea; and bold in asserting; and honest in 

feeling; that all without exception is beautiful; who yet cannot; 

after handling and petting and admiring all day long every uncouth 

and venomous beast; avoid a paroxysm of horror at the sight of the 

common house…spider。  At all events; whether we were intruding or 

not; in turning this stone; we must pay a fine for having done so; 

for there lies an animal as foul and monstrous to the eye as 

〃hydra; gorgon; or chimaera dire;〃 and yet so wondrously fitted to 

its work; that we must needs endure for our own instruction to 

handle and to look at it。  Its name; if you wish for it; is 

Nemertes; probably N。 Borlasii; (18) a worm of very 〃low〃 

organization; though well fitted enough for its own work。  You see 

it?  That black; shiny; knotted lump among the gravel; small enough 

to be taken up in a dessert spoon。  Look now; as it is raised and 

its coils drawn out。  Three feet … six … nine; at least:  with a 

capability of seemingly endless expansion; a slimy tape of living 

caoutchouc; some eighth of an inch in diameter; a dark chocolate…

black; with paler longitudinal lines。  Is it alive?  It hangs; 

helpless and motionless; a mere velvet string across the hand。  Ask 

the neighbouring Annelids and the fry of the rock fishes; or put it 

into a vase at home; and see。  It lies motionless; trailing itself 

among the gravel; you cannot tell where it begins or ends; it may 

be a dead strip of sea…weed; Himanthalia lorea; perhaps; or Chorda 

filum; or even a tarred string。  So thinks the little fish who 

plays over and over it; till he touches at last what is too surely 

a head。  In an instant a bell…shaped sucker mouth has fastened to 

his side。  In another instant; from one lip; a concave double 

proboscis; just like a tapir's (another instance of the repetition 

of forms); has clasped him like a finger; and now begins the 

struggle:  but in vain。  He is being 〃played〃 with such a fishing…

line as the skill of a Wilson or a Stoddart never could invent; a 

living line; with elasticity beyond that of the most delicate fly…

rod; which follows every lunge; shortening and lengthening; 

slipping and twining round every piece of gravel and stem of sea…

weed; with a tiring drag such as no Highland wrist or step could 

ever bring to bear on salmon or on trout。  The victim is tired now; 

and slowly; and yet dexterously; his blind assailant is feeling and 

shifting along his side; till he reaches one end of him; and then 

the black lips expand; and slowly and surely the curved finger 

begins packing him end…foremost down into the gullet; where he 

sinks; inch by inch; till the swelling which marks his place is 

lost among the coils; and he is probably macerated to a pulp long 

before he has reached the opposite extremity of his cave of doom。  

Once safe down; the black murderer slowly contracts again into a 

knotted heap; and lies; like a boa with a stag inside him; 

motionless and blest。 (19)



There; we must come away now; for the tide is over our ankles; but 

touch; before you go; one of those little red mouths which peep out 

of the stone。  A tiny jet of water shoots up almost into your face。



The bivalve (20) who has burrowed into the limestone knot (the 

softest part of the stone to his jaws; though the hardest to your 

chisel) is scandalized at having the soft mouths of his siphons so 

rudely touched; and taking your finger for some bothering Annelid; 

who wants to nibble him; is defending himself; shooting you; as 

naturalists do humming…birds; with water。  Let him rest in peace; 

it will cost you ten minutes' hard work; and much dirt; to extract 

him; but if you are fond of shells; secure one or two of those 

beautiful pink and straw…coloured scallops (Hinnites pusio; Plate 

X。 fig。 1); who have gradually incorporated the layers of their 

lower valve with the roughnesses of the stone; destroying thereby 

the beautiful form which belongs to their race; but not their 

delica

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