glaucus-第15部分
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horns; while from the after…part of his back springs a circular
Prince…of…Wales's…feather of gills; … they are almost exactly like
those which we saw just now in the white Cucumaria。 Yes; here is
another instance of the same custom of repetition。 The Cucumaria
is a low radiate animal … the sea…slug a far higher mollusc; and
every organ within him is formed on a different type; as indeed are
those seemingly identical gills; if you come to examine them under
the microscope; having to oxygenate fluids of a very different and
more complicated kind; and; moreover; the Cucumaria's gills were
put round his mouth; the Doris's feathers round the other
extremity; that grey Eolis's; again; are simple clubs; scattered
over his whole back; and in each of his nudibranch congeners these
same gills take some new and fantastic form; in Melibaea those
clubs are covered with warts; in Scyllaea; with tufted bouquets; in
the beautiful Antiopa they are transparent bags; and in many other
English species they take every conceivable form of leaf; tree;
flower; and branch; bedecked with every colour of the rainbow; as
you may see them depicted in Messrs。 Alder and Hancock's unrivalled
Monograph on the Nudibranch Mollusca。
And now; worshipper of final causes and the mere useful in nature;
answer but one question; … Why this prodigal variety? All these
Nudibranchs live in much the same way: why would not the same
mould have done for them all? And why; again; (for we must push
the argument a little further;) why have not all the butterflies;
at least all who feed on the same plant; the same markings? Of all
unfathomable triumphs of design; (we can only express ourselves
thus; for honest induction; as Paley so well teaches; allows us to
ascribe such results only to the design of some personal will and
mind;) what surpasses that by which the scales on a butterfly's
wing are arranged to produce a certain pattern of artistic beauty
beyond all painter's skill? What a waste of power; on any
utilitarian theory of nature! And once more; why are those strange
microscopic atomies; the Diatomaceae and Infusoria; which fill
every stagnant pool; which fringe every branch of sea…weed; which
form banks hundreds of miles long on the Arctic sea…floor; and the
strata of whole moorlands; which pervade in millions the mass of
every iceberg; and float aloft in countless swarms amid the clouds
of the volcanic dust; … why are their tiny shells of flint as
fantastically various in their quaint mathematical symmetry; as
they are countless beyond the wildest dreams of the Poet? Mystery
inexplicable on the conceited notion which; making man forsooth the
centre of the universe; dares to believe that this variety of forms
has existed for countless ages in abysmal sea…depths and untrodden
forests; only that some few individuals of the Western races might;
in these latter days; at last discover and admire a corner here and
there of the boundless realms of beauty。 Inexplicable; truly; if
man be the centre and the object of their existence; explicable
enough to him who believes that God has created all things for
Himself; and rejoices in His own handiwork; and that the material
universe is; as the wise man says; 〃A platform whereon His Eternal
Spirit sports and makes melody。〃 Of all the blessings which the
study of nature brings to the patient observer; let none; perhaps;
be classed higher than this: that the further he enters into those
fairy gardens of life and birth; which Spenser saw and described in
his great poem; the more he learns the awful and yet most
comfortable truth; that they do not belong to him; but to One
greater; wiser; lovelier than he; and as he stands; silent with
awe; amid the pomp of Nature's ever…busy rest; hears; as of old;
〃The Word of the Lord God walking among the trees of the garden in
the cool of the day。〃
One sight more; and we have done。 I had something to say; had time
permitted; on the ludicrous element which appears here and there in
nature。 There are animals; like monkeys and crabs; which seem made
to be laughed at; by those at least who possess that most
indefinable of faculties; the sense of the ridiculous。 As long as
man possesses muscles especially formed to enable him to laugh; we
have no right to suppose (with some) that laughter is an accident
of our fallen nature; or to find (with others) the primary cause of
the ridiculous in the perception of unfitness or disharmony。 And
yet we shrink (whether rightly or wrongly; we can hardly tell) from
attributing a sense of the ludicrous to the Creator of these forms。
It may be a weakness on my part; at least I will hope it is a
reverent one: but till we can find something corresponding to what
we conceive of the Divine Mind in any class of phenomena; it is
perhaps better not to talk about them at all; but observe a stoic
〃epoche;〃 waiting for more light; and yet confessing that our own
laughter is uncontrollable; and therefore we hope not unworthy of
us; at many a strange creature and strange doing which we meet;
from the highest ape to the lowest polype。
But; in the meanwhile; there are animals in which results so
strange; fantastic; even seemingly horrible; are produced; that
fallen man may be pardoned; if he shrinks from them in disgust。
That; at least; must be a consequence of our own wrong state; for
everything is beautiful and perfect in its place。 It may be
answered; 〃Yes; in its place; but its place is not yours。 You had
no business to look at it; and must pay the penalty for
intermeddling。〃 I doubt that answer; for surely; if man have
liberty to do anything; he has liberty to search out freely his
heavenly Father's works; and yet every one seems to have his
antipathic animal; and I know one bred from his childhood to
zoology by land and sea; and bold in asserting; and honest in
feeling; that all without exception is beautiful; who yet cannot;
after handling and petting and admiring all day long every uncouth
and venomous beast; avoid a paroxysm of horror at the sight of the
common house…spider。 At all events; whether we were intruding or
not; in turning this stone; we must pay a fine for having done so;
for there lies an animal as foul and monstrous to the eye as
〃hydra; gorgon; or chimaera dire;〃 and yet so wondrously fitted to
its work; that we must needs endure for our own instruction to
handle and to look at it。 Its name; if you wish for it; is
Nemertes; probably N。 Borlasii; (18) a worm of very 〃low〃
organization; though well fitted enough for its own work。 You see
it? That black; shiny; knotted lump among the gravel; small enough
to be taken up in a dessert spoon。 Look now; as it is raised and
its coils drawn out。 Three feet … six … nine; at least: with a
capability of seemingly endless expansion; a slimy tape of living
caoutchouc; some eighth of an inch in diameter; a dark chocolate…
black; with paler longitudinal lines。 Is it alive? It hangs;
helpless and motionless; a mere velvet string across the hand。 Ask
the neighbouring Annelids and the fry of the rock fishes; or put it
into a vase at home; and see。 It lies motionless; trailing itself
among the gravel; you cannot tell where it begins or ends; it may
be a dead strip of sea…weed; Himanthalia lorea; perhaps; or Chorda
filum; or even a tarred string。 So thinks the little fish who
plays over and over it; till he touches at last what is too surely
a head。 In an instant a bell…shaped sucker mouth has fastened to
his side。 In another instant; from one lip; a concave double
proboscis; just like a tapir's (another instance of the repetition
of forms); has clasped him like a finger; and now begins the
struggle: but in vain。 He is being 〃played〃 with such a fishing…
line as the skill of a Wilson or a Stoddart never could invent; a
living line; with elasticity beyond that of the most delicate fly…
rod; which follows every lunge; shortening and lengthening;
slipping and twining round every piece of gravel and stem of sea…
weed; with a tiring drag such as no Highland wrist or step could
ever bring to bear on salmon or on trout。 The victim is tired now;
and slowly; and yet dexterously; his blind assailant is feeling and
shifting along his side; till he reaches one end of him; and then
the black lips expand; and slowly and surely the curved finger
begins packing him end…foremost down into the gullet; where he
sinks; inch by inch; till the swelling which marks his place is
lost among the coils; and he is probably macerated to a pulp long
before he has reached the opposite extremity of his cave of doom。
Once safe down; the black murderer slowly contracts again into a
knotted heap; and lies; like a boa with a stag inside him;
motionless and blest。 (19)
There; we must come away now; for the tide is over our ankles; but
touch; before you go; one of those little red mouths which peep out
of the stone。 A tiny jet of water shoots up almost into your face。
The bivalve (20) who has burrowed into the limestone knot (the
softest part of the stone to his jaws; though the hardest to your
chisel) is scandalized at having the soft mouths of his siphons so
rudely touched; and taking your finger for some bothering Annelid;
who wants to nibble him; is defending himself; shooting you; as
naturalists do humming…birds; with water。 Let him rest in peace;
it will cost you ten minutes' hard work; and much dirt; to extract
him; but if you are fond of shells; secure one or two of those
beautiful pink and straw…coloured scallops (Hinnites pusio; Plate
X。 fig。 1); who have gradually incorporated the layers of their
lower valve with the roughnesses of the stone; destroying thereby
the beautiful form which belongs to their race; but not their
delica